Abstract
The new species Protaphorura borinensis sp. nov. from a cave of the Western Carpathians, Central Europe, is described. It belongs to congeners with ~40 vesicles in PAO and three pseudocelli at the base of antennae and the hind margin of head. P. borinensis sp. nov. has coarse granulation of cuticle on head, and specific distribution of "s" chaetae on abdominal terga and chaetotaxy of ventral tube. Critical comments to the Palaearctic representatives of the genus Protaphorura and an identification key to 85 species are provided.
References
Absolon, K. (1900) Vorläufige Mittheilung über die Aphoruriden aus den Höhlen des mährischen Karstes. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 23, 406–414.
Acón, M. (1980) Onychiurus valsainensis nov. sp. de colémbolo de la Sierra de Guadarrama. Eos: Revista Española de Entomología, 55–56, 7–10.
Arbea, J.I. (2003) Colémbolos recogidos por C. Bolivar y F. Bonet en sus campañas por el Rif (Marruecos). I. Orden Poduromorpha, con descripción de Protaphorura federicoi n.sp. (Collembola, Onychiuridae). Boletín de la Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural (Sección Biológica), 98, 91–96.
Arbea, J.I. & Jordana, R. (1989) Dos nuevas especies de Onychiuridae de Navarra (Norte de la Península Ibérica) (Insecta, Collembola). Eos: Revista Española de Entomología, 65 (1), 7–14.
Arbea, J.I. & Jordana, R. (1994) Cuatro nuevas especies de la familia Onychiuridae de la Península Ibérica (Collembola, Poduromorpha). Publicaciones de Biología de la Universidad de Navarra, Serie Zoológica, 24, 39–59.
Babenko, A.B. & Kaprus´, I. (2014) Species of the genus Protaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae) described on material of Yu.I. Chernov from Western Taimyr. Entomological Review, 94 (4), 581–601.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0013873814040113Bagnall, R.S. (1935) Contributions towards a knowledge of the Scottish Onychiuridae (Collembola). I. Scottish Naturalist, 214, 111–117.
Bagnall, R.S. (1937) Contributions towards a knowledge of the Scottish Onychiuridae (Collembola). II. Scottish Naturalist, 87–150.
Bagnall R.S. (1948) Contributions towards a knowledge of the Onychiuridae (Collembola-Onychiuroidea). I–IV. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 631–642.
Becker, E.G. (1905) Novyje dannyje po faune Collembola Moskovskoj guberniji, v castnosti jeja juznoj okrajiny. Izvestija imperatorskago Obscestva Ljubitelej Jestestvoznanja Moskva, 98 (Zool. 13), 85–100.
Bellinger, P.F.,Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (2015) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. http://www.collembola.org (accessed 17 February 2016)
Bödvarsson, H. (1959) Studien über die Variation einiger systematischen Charaktere bei Onychiurus armatus (Tullberg, 1989) (Collembola). Opuscula Entomologica, 24, 225–245.
Börner, C. (1901) Zur Kenntnis der Apterygoten-Fauna von Bremen und der Nachbardistrikte. Beitrag zu einer Apterygoten-Fauna Mitteleuropas. Abhandlungen der Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen, 17 (1), 1–141.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18332Buşmachiu, G. (1996) Protaphorura rectopunctata (Collembola: Onychiuridae) specie nova din agrocenozele Moldovei. Bulletinul Academiei de Stiinte a Republicii Moldova, Stiinte biologicae si chimice, 2, 34–36.
Butschek, E. (1948) Einige neue und wenig bekannte Collembolen aus den Nordostalpen. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 33, 25–34.
Christiansen, K.A. (1956) The Collembola of Lebanon and Western Syria. Part I. General considerations and the family Onychiuridae. Psyche, 63 (4), 119–133.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1956/62859Ćurčić, B.P.M. & Lučić, L.R. (1998) Two new cave-dwelling species of Onychiuridae (Collembola). Entomologische Berichten, 58 (4), 70–72.
Deharveng, L. (1983) Morphologie évolutive des Collemboles Neanurinae en particulier de la lignée Neanurienne. Travaux du Laboratoire d´Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques Toulouse, 4 (2), 1–63.
Dunger, W. (1978) Poduromorphe Collembolen (Insecta, Collembola) aus der Mongolischen Volksrepublik. I. Onychiuridae. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseums Görlitz, 52, 1–20.
Fjellberg, A. (1998a) The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Part I: Poduromorpha. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 35, 1–183.
Fjellberg, A. (1998b) The labial palp in Collembola. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 309–330.
Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
Folsom, J.W. (1917) North American Collembolous insects of the subfamily Onychiurinae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 53, 637–569.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.53-2222.637Gisin, H. (1947) Sur les insectes Aptérygotes du Parc National Suisse. Espèces et groupements euédaphiques. Ergebnisse der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung des Schweizerischen Nationalparks, 2, 75–91.
Gisin, H. (1949) Notes sur les Collemboles avec description de quatorze espèces et d'un genre nouveaux. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 22, 385–410.
Gisin, H. (1952) Notes sur les Collemboles, avec démembrement des Onychiurus armatus, ambulans et fimetarius auctorum. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 25, 1–22.
Gisin, H. (1953) Collemboles cavernicoles du Jura, des Préalpes savoyardes, du Valais et du Tessin. Stalactite, Société Suisse de Spéléologie, 2, 1–4.
Gisin, H. (1954) Description de cinq espèces inédites de Collemboles. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 27 (1), 49–52.
Gisin, H. (1956) Nouvelles contributions au démembrement des espèces d’Onychiurus (Collembola). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 29 (4), 329–352.
Gisin, H. (1957) Sur la faune européenne des Collemboles I. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 64 (3), 475–496.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.75498Gisin, H. (1960) Collembolenfauna Europas. Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Genève, 312 pp.
Gisin, H. (1961) Sieben neue Arten von Collembolen aus Bosnien und Wiederbeschreibung von Onychiurus serratotuberculatus Stach. Gidošnjak Biološkog Instituta Univerziteta u Sarajevu, 14, 3–13.
Gisin, H. (1963) Collemboles d'Europe. V. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 70 (1), 77–101.
Gruia, M. (1999) Concerning some onychiuridae species (Apterygota, Collembola) from the shafts in the Retezat Mountains (Romania), Alpine Area. Mémoires de Biospélogie, 26, 11–16.
Gruia, M., Poliakov, D. & Broza, M. (2000) Collembola of Northern Israel II. Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto University, 29, 117–131.
Gulgenova, A. & Potapov, M. (2013) New ‘oligopseudocellar’ Protaphorura species (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from East Palaearctic. Soil Organisms, 85 (3), 203–213.
Hammer, M. (1953) Investigations on the microfauna of Northern Canada. Part II. Collembola. Acta Arctica, 6, 1–108 pp.
Handschin, E. (1920) Die Onychiurinen der Schweiz. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 32, 1–37.
Haybach, G. (1960) Beitrag zur Collembolenfauna Österreichs. Drei neue Onychiurus-Arten aus der Gruppe armatus. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 100, 69–74.
Hemmer, W. (2000) Onychiurus (Protaphorura) kolenatii n.sp. (Collembola), eine fakultativ rotgefärbte Onychuridenart von hochalpinen Schneefeldern der Ostalpen. Vorarlberger Naturschau, 8, 145–152.
Jordana, R., Arbea, J.I., Simón, C. & Luciáñez, M.J. (1997) Collembola, Poduromorpha. Fauna Ibérica, 8, 1–807. [Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC Madrid]
Kaprus´, I. & Pomorski, R.J. (2008) Review of the Palaearctic Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 species of octopunctata group (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Annales Zoologici, 58 (4), 667–688.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/000345408X396602Kaprus´, I., Paśnik, G. & Weiner, W.M. (2014) “Sexually armed“ species of the genus Protaphorura (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Florida Entomologist, 97 (2), 465–476.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0217Khanislamova, G.M. (1986) New species of springtails of the genus Onychiurus (Collembola, Onchiuridae) from the Ural Mountain Piedmonts. Zoologichesky Zhurnal, 65, 1470–1478. [in Russian]
Kinoshita, S. (1923) Yagi shiro tobimushi to shiro tobimuishimodoki ni tsuite. Konchũ Sekai, 27, 75–79.
Kos, F. (1939) Die Onychiurinen der jugoslawischen Ostjulischen Alpen. Prirodoslovne Razprave, Ljubljana, 3 (11), 263–329.
Kos, F. (1940) Terricole Collembolen aus Slovenien. Glasnik Skopskog Naučnog Društva, Skoplje, 22, 137–168.
Kováč, Ľ. (2000) A review of the distribution of cave Collembola (Hexapoda) in the Western Carpathians. Mémoires de Biospélogie, 27, 71–76.
Kováč, Ľ., Elhottová, D., Mock, A., Nováková, A., Krištůfek, V., Chroňáková, A., Lukešová, A., Mulec, J., Košel, V., Papáč, V., Ľuptáčik, P., Uhrin, M., Višňovská, Z., Hudec, I., Gaál, Ľ. & Bella, P. (2014) The cave biota of Slovakia. Speleologia Slovaca 5. State Nature Conservancy SR, Slovak Caves Administration, Liptovský Mikuláš, 192 pp.
Kováč, M. & Plašienka, D. (2002) Geological structure of the Alpine-Carpathian-Pannonian junction and neighbouring slopes of the Bohemian Massif. Comenius University, Bratislava, 84 pp.
Loksa, I. (1964) Einige neue und weniger Bekannte Collembolen-Arten aus ungarischen Flaumeichen-Buschwäldern. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 5 (1), 83–98.
Loksa, I. (1967) Vier neue Höhlencollembolen aus Ungarn (Biospeologica Hungarica XXIII). Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 6 (2), 289–296.
Loksa, I. & Bogojević, J. (1967) Einige neue Collembolen-Arten aus Jugoslavien. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 13 (1–2), 139–148.
Loksa, I. & Rubio, I. (1966) Angaben zu den Kenntnissen über die Collembolenfauna des Bakony-Gebirges. Opuscula Zoologica, Budapest, 6 (1), 139–156.
Lučić, L.R., Dimitrijević, R.N. & Mihajlova, B. (2003) Three new species of the springtail genus Onychiurus Gervais (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Macedonia. Periodicum Biologorum, 105 (4), 487–490.
Lučić, L.R., Ćurčić, B.P.M., Pavković-Lučić, S.B. & Tomić, V.T. (2008) Protaphorura zlatiborensis, a new cave-dwelling species (Onychiuridae, Collembola) from the Balkan Peninsula (Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, 60 (4), 661–665.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS0804661LMartynova, E.F. (1972) Springtails (Collembola) inhabiting the outlets of subterranean water in the Kirgiz and Uzbek SSR. Trudy Zoologicheskogo Instituta, Leningrad, 51, 146–150. [in Russian]
Martynova, E.F. (1975) On the fauna of Collembola of the Mongolian People’s Republic. I. New and little-known species of Collembola from Mongolia and adjacent regions of the USSR, In: Cherepanov, A.I. (Ed.), Nasekomyje Mongolii. Vol. 3. Nauka, Leningrad, pp. 19–25. [in Russian]
Martynova, E.F. (1976) Species of the genus Onychiurus Gervais, 1841 (Collembola, Onychiuridae) of the north and north-east Asia, In: Cherepanov, A.I. (Ed.), Novye i maloizvestnye vidy fauny Sibiri. Novosti Fauny Sibiri. Vol. 10. Nauka, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Novosibirsk, pp. 5–44. [in Russian]
Martynova, E.F. (1981) New species of family Onychiuridae (Collembola) from Primorski Krai. In: Egrov, A.B., Krivolutskaya, G.O. & Fedikova, V.S. (Eds.), Pauki i nasekomye Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR. Akademiya Nauk SSSR, DVNTS, Vladivostok, pp. 11–18. [in Russian]
Martynova, E.F., Gorodkov, K.B. & Tshelnokov, V.G. (1973) Springtails (Collembola) from Wrangel Island. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 52 (1), 76–93. [in Russian]
Mateos-Frias, E.M. & Arbea, J.I. (1986) Dos nuevas especies de Protaphorura del grupo nemorata (Collembola, Onychiuridae) del macizo del Montseny (Barcelona). Actas VIII Jornadas de la Asociación Española de Entomología, Sevilla, 281–290.
Miyoshi, K. (1923) Onychiurus yagii Kinoshita, n. sp., a noxious insect of wheat. Konchu Sekai, 24, 44–47.
Moniez, R. (1891): Notes sur les Thysanoures. IV. Sur deux Podurides qui vivent dans les fourmillières. Revue Biologique du Nord de la France, 3, 64–67.
Naglitsch, F. (1962) Untersuchungen über die Collembolenfauna unter Luzernebeständen auf verschiedenen Böden. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Karl-Marx-Universityrsität Leipzig, 1962, 611–626.
Nguyen, T.T. (1995) Characteristics of collembola community structures (Apterygota: Collembola) in some ecosystems of the Northern part of Vietnam. Ph.D. thesis. [unknown pagination]
Nosek, J. (1975) A contribution to the knowledge of the collembolan fauna in the Domica cave (SE Slovakia). Věstník Československé společnosti zoologické, 39 (3), 220–223.
Nosek, J. & Paoletti, M.G. (1981) A new cave species of Collembola, Onychiurus (Protaphorura) dallaii n. sp. Bollettino della Società Entomologica Italiana, 113 (8–10), 136–138.
Palissa, A. (1986) Onychiurus (Protaphorura) septempapillatus n. sp., ein neuer Hohlencollembole aus der Salzgrabenhohle im Berchtesgadener Land (Collembola, Onychiuridae). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 33, 227–231.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800330314Pitkin, B.R. (1980) Variations in some British material of the Onychiurus armatus group (Collembola). Systematic Entomology, 5, 405–426.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.1980.tb00425.xPomorski, R.J. (1990) Morphological-systematic studies on the variability of pseudocelli and some morphological characters in Onychiurus of the “armatus-group” (Collembola, Onychiuridae). Part II. On synonyms within the “armatus-group”, with special reference to diagnostic characters. Annales Zoologici, 43, 535–576.
Pomorski, R.J. (1993) Two new species of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 from north Karelia (Russia), with notes on the position of altered pseudocelli (psx) in the armatus-group (Collembola, Onychiuridae). Genus, 4 (2), 121–128.
Pomorski, R.J. (1994) Protaphorura kopetdagi n.sp. from Turkmenia (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Genus, 5 (3), 193–195.
Pomorski, R.J. (1998) Onychiurinae of Poland (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Genus, 9 (Supplement), 1–201.
Pomorski, R.J. & Kaprus´, I. (2007) Redescription of Protaphorura octopunctata (Tullberg, 1876) and Protaphorura quadriocellata (Gisin, 1947) with description of two new related species from Siberia and Europe (Collembola:Onychiuridae). Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 114 (1), 127–139.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.80391Pomorski, R.J., Leithner, C. & Bruckner, A. (2003) Protaphorura christiani n. sp. from Austria, with remarks on the generic status of Protaphorura stiriaca (Stach, 1946) (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Genus, 14 (3), 307–312.
Pomorski, R.J., Skarżyński, D. & Kaprus´, I. (1998) New Onychiurinae from Crimea (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Genus, 9 (3), 253–263.
Radwański, J.M., Fiera, C. & Weiner, W.M. (2006) A new species of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae: Onychiurinae) from Romania and a redescription of Protaphorura glebata (Gisin, 1952). Annales zoologici, 56 (3), 449–455.
Ridley, H.N. (1880) A new species of Lipura. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 17, 1–2.
Rusek, J. (1975) Eine Präparationstechnik für Springschwänze und ähnliche Gliederfüsser. Mikrokosmos, 12, 376–381.
Rusek, J. (1995) Protaphorura unari sp.n. (Collembola : Onychiuridae) from the Tatra National Park (Slovak Republic). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae, 59, 115–119.
Salmon, J.T. (1959) Concerning the Collembola Onychiuridae. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 111, 119–156.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1959.tb02279.xSelga, D. (1962a) Tres especies nuevas de colémbolos del puerto de Navacerrada (Guadarrama). Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada, 33, 33–41.
Selga, D. (1962b) Sobre algunos colémbolos cavernícolas de Cataluña. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada, 33, 43–49.
Selga, D. (1963) Cuatro especies nuevas de Colémbolos de la sierra de Guadarrama. Publicaciones del Instituto de Biología Aplicada, 35, 83–96.
Simón, J.C., Luciáñez, M.J. (1994) Nuevas especies de la Subfamilia Onychiurinae de la Península Ibérica. Publicaciones de Biología de la Universidad de Navarra, Serie Zoológica, 24, 61–74.
Singh, S., Baijal, H.N. & Mathew, K. (1956) Entomological survey of the Himalaya, part XVIII. Notes on some insects collected by the second entomological expedition to North West Himalaya, with description of three new species of Collembola. Agra University Journal of Research, 5, 369– 376.
Sket, B., 2008: Can we agree on an ecological classification of subterranean animals? Journal of Natural History, 42, 1549–1563.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222930801995762Stach, J. (1934) Die in den Höhlen Europas vorkommenden Arten der Gattung Onychiurus Gervais. Annales Musei Zoologici Polonici, 10, 111–222.
Stach, J. (1946) Ten new species of Collembola from the Alps and Alpine Foreland. Acta Musei Historiae Naturalis, Academia Polona Litterarum et Scientiarum, 5, 1–40.
Stach, J. (1954) The Apterygotan fauna of Poland in relation to the world-fauna of this group of insects. Family: Onychiuridae. Polska Akademia Nauk, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Kraków, 219 pp.
Stach, J. (1960) Materialien zur Kenntnis der Collembolen Fauna Afghanistans. II Teil. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 5 (12), 507–581.
Stebaeva, S.K. (1982) A new species of Collembola (Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Siberia. Novye i Maloizvestnye Vidy Fauny Sibiri, 16, 80–85. [in Russian]
Steiner, W. (1955) Beiträge zur kenntnis der Collembolenfauna Spaniens. EOS–Revista Española de Entomología, 31 (3–4), 323–335.
Sun, X., Zhang, B. & Wu, D. (2013a) Two new species and one new country record of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 (Collembola: Onychiuridae) from northeast China. Zootaxa, 3673 (2), 207–220.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3693.2.7Sun, X., Wu, D. & Gao, M. (2013b) Description of the octopunctata-group species of Protaphorura from China (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Zootaxa, 3710 (4), 363–371.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3710.4.5Sun, X., Chang, L. & Wu, D. (2015) New species and new records of Protaphorura species from northeast China (Collembola: Onychiuridae). Zootaxa, 3920 (2), 381–392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3920.2.9Thibaud, J.-M. & Christian, E. (1986) Collemboles interstitiels aériens des sables d'Autriche. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, N.S., 22 (3), 403–407.
Thibaud, J.-M. & Peja, N. (1994) Les collemboles de la zone de Kabash (Pogradec) en Albanie. Revue Française d'Entomologie (N.S.), 16 (2), 57–59.
Tullberg, T. (1869) Om Skandinaviska Podurider af underfamiljen Lipurinae. Akademisk Afhandling, Uppsala, 44–52.
Tullberg, T. (1876) Collembola borealia (Nordiska Collembola). Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 33, 23–42.
Weiner, W.M. (1977) Une nouvelle espèce du genre Onychiurus Gervais (Collembola) raprochée de l'espèce Onychiurus stiriacus Stach. Bulletin de l´Académie Polonaise des Sciences, Série des Sciences Biologiques, 25 (1), 35–38.
Weiner, W.M. (1990) Onychiuridae of Poland. New species of Protaphorura Absolon, 1901 from the Tatra Mts. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 33 (18), 453–457.
Weiner, W.M. (1996) Generic revision of Onychiurinae (Collembola: Onychiuridae) with cladistic analysis. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, N.S., 32 (2), 163–200.
Weiner, W. M. & Stomp, N. (1995) Redescription of Protaphorura eichhorni (Gisin, 1954) (Collembola, Onychiurinae). Bulletin de la Société des Naturalistes Luxembourgeois, 96, 121–126.
Yosii, R. (1956) Höhlencollembolen Japans II. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 11 (5), 609–627.
Yosii, R. (1966) On some Collembola of Afghanistan, India and Ceylon, collected by the KUPHE-Expedition, 1960. Results of the Kyoto University Scientific Expedition to the Karakoram and Hindukush, 8, 333–405.
Yosii, R. (1969) Collembola-Arthropleona of the IBP- Station in the Shiga Heights, Central Japan, I. Bulletin of the National Science Museum, 12 (3), 217–236.
Yosii, R. (1972) Collembola from the Alpine Region of Mt. Poroshiri in the Hidaka Mountains, Hokkaido. Memoirs of the National Science Museum Tokyo, 5, 75–99.
Živadinović, J. (1970) Onychiurus maglicensis, nova vrsta Collembola iz Bosne. Glasnik Zemaljskog Muzeja, Sarajevo, 9, 193–194.