Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2003-04-16
Page range: 1–72
Abstract views: 96
PDF downloaded: 9

Review of the subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Bombyliidae: Toxophorinae)

Department of Entomology University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA Present address: 3064 S. Alta Avenue, Reedley, California 93654, USA
J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology, Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice Street, Honolulu, Hawaii 96817-2704, USA
Diptera Bombyliidae Geron systematics Nearctic Region

Abstract

The bombyliid subgenus Geron (Geron) Meigen as it occurs in the Nearctic Region is reviewed. A total of 28 species are found to comprise the subgenus in the Nearctic. The following 16 new species are described and illustrated: Geron albipilosus Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. borealis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. confusus Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. cressoni Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. elachys Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. eriogonae Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. halli Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. infrequens Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. monticola Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. nevadensis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. notios Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. painteri Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. peucon Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. prosopidis Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., G. stenos Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov., and G. weemsi Hall & Evenhuis, sp. nov. The following are found to be new junior synonyms: Geron perplexus Tabet, 2001 = Geron argutus Painter, syn. nov., G. saxosus Tabet, 2001 = G. holosericeus Walker, syn. nov., and G. antologos Tabet, 2001 = G. senilis (Fabricius, 1794), syn. nov.

References

  1. Aldrich, J.R. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46(1444), 1-680.

    Allred, D.M., Johnson, D.E. & Beck, D.E. (1965) A list of some beeflies of the Nevada Test Site. Great Basin Naturalist, 25(1-2), 5–11.

    Arnaud, P.H. (1979) A catalog of the types of Diptera in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Myia, 1, 1-505.

    Bezzi, M. (1924) The Bombyliidae of the Ethiopian Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 390 pp.

    Bigot, J.M.F. (1857a) Dipteros. In: Sagra, R. de la, Historia fisica politica y natural de la Isla de Cuba. Segunda parte. Historia natural. Tomo VII. Crustaceos, aragnides é insectos. A. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 328–49.

    Bigot, J.M.F. (1857b) Ordre des diptères, Latr. In: Guérin-Méneville, F.E., Histoire physique, politique et naturelle de l’Ile de Cuba. Tome VII. Animaux articulés à pieds articulés. A. Bertrand, Paris, pp. 783–829.

    Bowden, J. (1974) Studies in African Bombyliidae. VIII. On the Geroninae. Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa, 37, 87–108.

    Brimley, C.S. (1938) The insects of North Carolina. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Raleigh, 560 pp.

    Byers, G.W., Blank, F., Hanson, W.J., Beneway, D.F. & Fredrickson, R.W. (1962) Catalogue of the types in the Snow Entomological Museum. Part III (Diptera). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 43, 131–181.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. (1917) The fauna of Boulder County, Colorado, III. Class Insecta, Order Diptera. University of Colorado Studies, 12, 5–20.

    Cole, F.R. (1923) Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. The Bombyliidae (bee flies). Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4) 12, 289–314.

    Cole, F.R. & Schlinger, E.I. (1969) The flies of western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley, 693 pp.

    Cole, F.R. & Lovett, A.L (1921) An annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, (4) 11, 197–344.

    Cole, F.R., Malloch, J.R. & McAtee, W.L. (1924) District of Columbia Diptera: Tromoptera (Cyrtidae, Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Scenopinidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 26(7), 181–195.

    Cooper, B.E. & Cumming, J.M. (1993) Diptera types in the Canadian National Collection of Insects. Part 2. Brachycera (exclusive of Schizophora). Biological Resources Division, Centre for Land and Biological Resources Research, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Research Branch Publication 1896B, iii + 105 pp.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1894) Notes and descriptions of North American Bombyliidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 21, 89–112.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1910) The type species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499–647.

    Cresson, E.T. (1919) Dipterological notes and descriptions. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, 71, 171–194.

    DuMerle, P. (1975) Les hôtes et les stades pré-imaginaux des diptères Bombyliidae: revue bibliographique annotée. Bulletin de Section Régionale Ouest-Paléarctique, 4, 1-289.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1978) Homonymy notes in the Bombyliidae (Diptera) III. Entomological News, 89, 247–48.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1979) Studies in Pacific Bombyliidae (Diptera). II. Revision of the genus Geron of Australia and the Pacific. Pacific Insects, 21, 1–35.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1982) Catalog of the primary types of Bombyliidae (Diptera) in the entomological collections of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, with designations of lectotypes. Breviora, 469, 1-23.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1983) An indexed bibliography of Bombyliidae (Insecta, Diptera). Theses Zoologicae, 4, 1-493.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1989) Family Bombyliidae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. E.J. Brill, Leiden & Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, pp. 359–374.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1991) World catalog of genus-group names of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology, 5, 1-105.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, viii + 600 pp.

    Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. (1999) Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp.

    Evenhuis, N.L. & Miller, S.E. (1994) Bee flies of the British Virgin Islands (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Florida Entomologist, 77, 382–384.

    Fabricius, J.C. (1794) Entomologia systematica emendata et aucta. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, species adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Tome IV. C.G. Proft, Hafniae [= Copenhagen], [6] + 472 + [5] pp.

    Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiecta synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae [= Brunswick], xiv + [15]– 372 + [1] + 30 pp.

    Frommer, S.I. (1981) A hierarchic listing of the arthropods known to occur in the environs of the P.L. Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center. Philip Boyd Deep Canyon Desert Research Center, University of California, Natural Land and Water Reserves System, xv + 124 pp.

    Godinez Alvarez, A. (2003) Bombyliidae (Diptera) de las Reservas Especiales de la Biosfera de Ría Celestún y de Ría Lagartos, Yucatán, México. Unpublished Master’s thesis, Universidad Autonoma de México, México, D.F, 64 pp. + appendices and plates.

    Graenicher, S. (1910) A preliminary list of the flies of Wisconsin belonging to the families Bombyliidae, Syrphidae, and Conopidae. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, 8, 32–44.

    Graenicher, S. (1913) Records of Wisconsin Diptera. Bulletin of the Wisconsin Natural History Society, 10(3-4), 171–185.

    Greathead, D.J. (1999) Appendix II. Notes on the Geron gibbosus Olivier and G. halteralis Wiedemann species groups, pp. 677–684. In: Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, Catalog of the bee flies of the world (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp.

    Greathead, D.J. (2001) Notes on the Geron gibbosus Olivier, 1789 and G. halteralis Wiedemann, 1820 species groups (Diptera: Bombyliidae). II - additional species and records from Europe and Asia. Studia Dipterologica, 8, 161–173.

    Greathead, D.J. & Evenhuis, N.L. (2001) Annotated keys to the genera of African Bombylioidea (Diptera: Bombyliidae; Mythicomyiidae). African Invertebrates, 42, 105–224.

    Hesse, A.J. (1938) A revision of the Bombyliidae (Diptera) of southern Africa. [I.] Annals of the South African Museum, 34, 1-1053.

    Hull, F.M. (1973) Bee flies of the world. The genera of the family Bombyliidae. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 286, 1-687.

    Johnson, C.W. (1894) List of the Diptera of Jamaica, with descriptions of new species. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 46, 271–281.

    Johnson, C.W. (1908) The Diptera of the Bahamas, with notes and description of one new species. Psyche, 15, 69–80.

    Johnson, C.W. (1910) Order Diptera, pp. 703–814. In: Smith, J.B., Insects of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1909, 15–888.

    Johnson, C.W. (1913) Insects of Florida. I. Diptera. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 32, 37–90.

    Johnson, C.W. (1919) A revised list of the Diptera of Jamaica. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 41(8), 421–449.

    Kertész, K. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volumen V. Bombyliidae, Therevidae, Omphralidae. G. Engelmann, Budapest, 199 pp.

    Loew, H. (1863) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria quarta. Berliner Entomologische Zeitung, 7, 275–326.

    Loew, H. (1864) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. I. [Centuria 1–5.] A.W. Schadii, Berolini [= Berlin], 266 pp.

    Loew, H. [1870] Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria nona. Berliner Entomologische Zeitung, 13[1869], 128–86.

    Loew, H. (1872) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. II. [Centuria 6–10.] A.W. Schadii, Berolini [= Berlin], 300 pp.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1846) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplément. N.E. Roret, Paris. Pp. 5–238. [This is the reprint version issued in advance of the journal article, 1846, Mém. Soc. R. Sci. Agric. Arts, Lille 1844: 133–364 and presented by Macquart at the 22 July

    1846 meeting of the Société Entomologique de France. The date on the wrapper of the journal is 1846, the date on the title page is 1845. The last 4 pages of this paper in the journal (containing the index) are numbered 363, 364, 363, 364. The next article in the journal begins on page 365. The pagination of the reprint is continuous, thus a direct comparison of the journal and reprint pagination causes the reprint to appear to contain 2 additional pages. The journal version recorded in the 7 November 1846 issue of Bibliogr. Fr.]

    Mayfield, M.M. (1998) Pollinators of Chapmannia floridana (Fabaceae) and their foraging preferences. Florida Entomologist, 81(4), 489–496.

    Meigen, J.W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Zweiter Theil. F.W. Forstmann, Aachen, xxxvi + 363 pp.

    Miller, E.L. (1978) A checklist of the Diptera in the South Dakota State University insect collection. I. Suborders Nematocera and Brachycera. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science, 57, 32-45.

    Miller, R.C. & Kurczewski, F.E. (1976) Comparative nesting behaviors of Crabro rufibasis and Crabro arcadiensis (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Crabroninae). Florida Entomologist, 59, 267– 285.

    Neff, J.L., Simpson, B.B., Evenhuis, N.L. & Dieringer, G. (2003) Character analysis of adaptations for tarsal pollen collection in the Bombyliidae (Insecta: Diptera): the benefits of putting your foot in your mouth. Zootaxa, 157, 1–14.

    Olivier, G.A. (1789) Insectes [part], In: Encyclopédie methodique ou par ordre de matières; par une société de gens de lettres, de savans et d’artistes; précédée d’un Vocabulaire universel, servant de table pour tout l’ouvrage, ornée des portraits de MM. Diderot & d’Alembert, premiers éditeurs de l’Encyclopédie. Histoire naturelle. Tome quatrième. Panckoucke, Paris & Plomteux, Liège, pp. 45–331.

    d’Orbigny, C.V.D. (1845) Dictionnaire universel d’histoire naturelle résumant et complétant tous les faits présentés par les encyclopédies les anciens dictionnaires scientifiques les oeuvres complètes de Buffon, et les meilleurs traités spéciaux sur les diverses branches des sciences naturelles; donnant la description des êtres et des divers phénomènes de la nature l’étymologie et la définition des noms scientifiques, les principales applications des corps organiques et inorganiques, à l’agriculture, à la médecine, aux arts industriels, etc.; dirigé par M. Charles d’Orbigny, et enrichi d’un magnifique atlas de 288 planches gravées sur acier. Tome sixième. [Livraison 65.] C. Renard, Paris.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1858) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 3(1), 1- 87.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1877) Western Diptera: descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California. Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories, 3(2), 1-354.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. [Second edition.]. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 270, 1-276.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1887) Diptera [part]. In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (eds.), Biologia Centrali- Americana. Zoologia. Insecta. Diptera. Vol. 1. Taylor Francis, London, pp. 129–60. [This series on Diptera was published in parts from July 1886 to August 1903. The parts by Osten Sacken dealing with the Bombyliidae were published as follows [p. 73–104 (October 1886); p. 105–28 (December 1886); 129–60 (January 1887); p. 161–76 (February 1887).]

    Painter, R.H. (1932) A monographic study of the genus Geron as it occurs in the United states (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 58, 139–167.

    Painter, R.H. & E.M. Painter. (1962) Notes on and redescriptions of types of North American Bombyliidae (Diptera) in European Museums. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 35, 1– 164.

    Painter, R.H. & Painter, E.M. (1965) Family Bombyliidae. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W, Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J.R.. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook, 276, pp. 406–46.

    Painter, R.H., Painter, E.M. & Hall, J.C. (1978) Family Bombyliidae. A catalog of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States, 38, 1-92.

    Poole, R.W. & Gentili, P. (editors) (1996) Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America. Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland, 1143 pp.

    Priddy, R.B. (1939) List of Bombyliidae collected in southern California and Yuma County, Arizona. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 31, 45–53.

    Purrington, F.F. & Evenhuis, N.L. (2001) A clearwing moth host (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) for the bee fly, Geron argutus (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Entomological News, 112, 178–182.

    Rodriguez Ortuño, V. (1989) Estudio faunistico de los Bombyliidae (Diptera) de Cañon de Lobos, Morelos, Mexico. Tesis profesional. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Faculdad de Ciencias. México, D.F. 98 pp.

    Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol: I. Genera Italica ordinis Dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A. Stoschi, Parmae [= Parma], 226 + [2] pp.

    Samuelson, G.A. & N.L. Evenhuis. (2003) Insect and spider collections of the world website [version: 27 February 2003]. Bishop Museum, Honolulu. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum. org/codens/ (Accessed: 23 March 2003).

    Scarbrough, A.G. & D.A. Davidson (1985) Review of the Caribbean Geron Meigen (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 93(4), 1240–1260.

    Skevington, J., K. Stead, D. Caloren & J. Connop. (2000) The insects of North Lambton County, Ontario, Canada [version: 27 July 2000]. Availaible from: http://www.uoguelph.ca/~samarshall/ Lambton-part1.html (Accessed: 27 March 2003).

    Skevington, J., D. Caloren, K. Stead & K. Zufelt. (2001) Insects of North Lambton. Lambton Wildlife Incorporated, Sarnia, Ontario, 181 pp.

    Smith, J.B. (1890) Catalogue of insects found in New Jersey. New Jersey Geological Survey. Final Report of the State Geologist. Volume 2, part 2. Trenton, New Jersey, 486 pp.

    Snow, F.E. (1904) Lists of Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera and Hemiptera collected in Arizona by the entomological expeditions of the University of Kansas in 1902 and 1903. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 2(1), 323–350.

    Sturgis, W. (1918) Claremont-Laguna Diptera from the collections of the Department of Zoology of Pomona College. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, 10, 27–31.

    Tabet, A.B. (1974) A phenology study of the Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Unpublished Master’s Degree thesis, University of California, Riverside, viii + 94 pp.

    Tabet, A.B. (1979) The bee flies of Idaho. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Idaho, Moscow, xxii + 595 pp.

    Tabet, A.B. [2001] Three new species of Geron from Idaho (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (Tripoli), 6[1998], 48–52. [The date on the cover is “1998”, but correspondence with Tabet confirmed that this part was not issued until June 2001.]

    Tabet, A.B. & J.C. Hall. (1984) The Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Part I. A phenology study of the Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Al-Fateh University Publications, Tripoli, Libya, 63 pp.

    Tabet, A.B. & J.C. Hall. [1987] The Bombyliidae of Deep Canyon. Part II. “1984”. Al-Fateh University Publications, Tripoli, Libya. 176 pp. [The date on the cover is “1984” (the same as the publication date for Part I of this work). It was not received by Jack Hall until the summer of 1987 and his resulting correspondence with Tabet confirmed that this part was not issued until March 1987.]

    Theodor, O. (1983) The genitalia of Bombyliidae (Diptera). Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Jerusalem, vi + 275 pp.

    Toft, C.A. (1983) Community patterns of nectivorous adult parasitoids (Diptera, Bombyliidae) on their resources. Oecologia, 57, 200–215.

    Toft, C.A. (1984) Resource shifts in bee flies (Bombyliidae): interactions among species determine choice of resources. Oikos, 43, 104–112.

    Turton, W. (1801) A general system of nature, through the three grand kingdoms, of animals, vegetables, and minerals: systematically divided into their several classes, orders, genera, species, and varieties, with their habitations, manners, economy, structure and peculiarities. Translated from Gmelins’s last edition of the celebrated Systema Naturae, by Sir Charles Linné: amended and enlarged by the improvements and discoveries of later naturalists and societies, with appropriate copper-plates. Vol. III. “1800” Lackington, London, 784 pp.

    Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Parts II–IV. British Museum, London, pp. 231–1172.

    Walton, W.R. (1915) Report on some parasitic and predaceous Diptera from northeastern New Mexico. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 48(2070), 171–186.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1821) Diptera exotica. [Ed. 2]. Pars I. Tabulis aeneis duabus. Kiliae [= Kiel], xix + 244 pp.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1828) Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werkes. Erster Theil. Schulz, Hamm, xxxii + 608 pp.

    Williston, S.W. (1901) Supplement, pp. 273–96. In: Godman, F.D. & O. Salvin, eds., Biologia Centrali- Americana. Zoologia. Insecta. Diptera. Vol. 1. Taylor & Francis, London. [This supplement to the series on Diptera by Williston was published in parts from 1900–1901 as follows: p. 217–48 (December 1900); p. 249–64 (22 April 1901); p. 265–72 (29 May 1901); p. 273–96 (June 1901); p. 297–328 (19 September 1901); p. 329–32 (28 December 1901).]

    Yeates, D.K. (1994) The cladistics and classification of the Bombyliidae (Diptera: Asiloidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 219, 1–191.

    Yeates, D.K. & D.J. Greathead. (1997) The evolutionary pattern of host use in the Bombyliidae (Diptera): a diverse family of parasitoid flies. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 60, 149–185.

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1966) [Parasitic flies of the family Bombyliidae (Diptera) in the fauna of Transcaucasia]. Nauka, Moscow & Leningrad, 375 pp. [In Russian.]

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1989) Family Bombyliidae, pp. 43–169. In: Á. Soós & L. Papp, eds., Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. Vol. 6. Therevidae—Empididae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 435 pp.