Abstract
Keys are provided for the identification of the nematode species known to be parasites of Canadian fishes. The nematodes are described and illustrated, with a note of the site(s) they occupy in named fish host(s) and their geographical distribution. Parasite records are given by author and date, full details of which can be found in a bibliography of over 800 references. Diagnoses and keys for 22 Families, 47 genera and 88 species of nematodes are also given, together with a glossary of terms, a host-parasite list, and indices to both nematode parasites and hosts.
References
Ackman, R.G. (1976) Volatile ketones and alcohols of codworms (Terranova decipiens) from axenic culture and fresh fish muscle. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33, 2819–2821.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f76-335
Ackman, R.G. & Gjelstad, R.T. (1975) Gas chromatographic resolution of isomeric pentanols and pentanones in the identification of volatile alcohols and ketones in codworm Terranova decipiens (Krabbe, 1878). Analytical Biochemistry, 67, 684–687.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(75)90347-4
Adams, A.M., Ton, M.Y., Wekell, M.M., MacKenzie, A.P. & Dong, F.M. (2005) Survival of Anisakis simplex in arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes stomia [sic]) during frozen storage. Journal of Food Protection, 68, 1441–1446.
Adams, J.R. (1969) Migration route of invasive juvenile Philonema oncorhynchi (Nematoda: Philometridae) in young salmon. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26, 941–946.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f69-091
Adams, J.R. (1974) Development of Philonema agubernaculum in the fish host. Proceedings. 3rd International Congress of Parasitology, 25–31 August 1974, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, 1 (Section B7), pp. 482–483.
Adamson, M.L. & Roth, M. (1990) Prevalence and intensity of Pseudodelphis oligocotti n. gen., n. sp. (Dracunculoidea: Guyanemidae) in the tidepool sculpin Oligocottus maculosus (Scorpaeniformes: Cottidae). Journal of Parasitology, 76, 509–514.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282830
Adamson, M.L., Clease, D.F. & Margolis, L. (1992) Differentiation of Philonema spp. (Nematoda: Philometridae) in British Columbia salmonid fishes using DNA restriction fragment length differences. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 1650–1656.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-184
Aieta, A.E. & Oliveira, K. (2009) Distribution, prevalence, and intensity of the swim bladder parasite Anguillicola crassus in New England and eastern Canada. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 84, 229–235.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao02049
Anderson, R.C. (1996) Additional observations on the development and transmission of Truttaedacnitis pybusae Anderson, 1992 (Seuratoidea: Cucullanidae) of the brook lamprey, Lampetra appendix (Dekay, 1842). Parasite, 3, 33–37.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1996031033Anderson, R.C. (1978) Keys to the Genera of the Superfamily Metastrongyloidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 5, 40 pp. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Anderson, R.C. (1988) Nematode transmission patterns. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 74, 30–45.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282477
Anderson, R.C. (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: their Development and Transmission. 2nd Edition. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Oxford and New York, xx + 650 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9780851994215.0000Anderson, R.C. & Bain, O. (1976) Keys to the Genera of the Order Spirurida. Part 3. Diplotriaenoidea, Aproctoidea and Filarioidea. In: Anderson, R. C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.). CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 3, pp. 59–116. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Anderson, R.C. & Bain, O. (1982) Keys to the Genera of the Superfamilies Rhabditoidea, Dioctophymatoidea, Trichinelloidea and Muspiceoidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.). CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 9, 26 pp. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.) (1974) General introduction. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 1, pp. iii–iv. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.) (2009) Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Archival Volume. CAB International, Wallingford (UK), 463 pp.
Anderson, R.C. & Wong, P.L. (1982) The transmission and development of Paracuaria adunca (Creplin, 1846) (Nematoda: Acuarioidea) of gulls (Laridae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 3092–3104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z82-393
Andrews, C.W. & Lear, E. (1954) Appendix No. 14. Arctic char of Labrador. In: W. Templeman. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Report of the Newfoundland Fisheries Research Station for 1953, with Investigators' Summaries as Appendices, pp. 49–54.
Andrews, C.W. & Lear, E. (1956) The biology of the Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in northern Labrador. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada ,13, 843–860.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f56-047
Anonymous (1978) Report on the environmental studies for the McGregor diversion project. Volume 4 ̶̶ faunal transfer. Prepared by Redi, Crowther and Partners Ltd for the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority, British Columbia, 100 pp.
Anonymous (1981) Kemano Completion Hydroelectric Development ̶̶ baseline studies. Volume 7. Fish diseases and parasites. Prepared for the Aluminium Company of Canada (1285 West Pender Street, Vancouver) by Envirocon Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia, 71 pp.
Anonymous (1984) Environmental studies associated with the proposed Kemano Completion Hydroelectric Development. Volume 7. Fish diseases and parasites, 1979 initial baseline environmental studies. Sections A, B and C. Prepared by Envirocon Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia, for Aluminium Company of Canada Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia, 179 pp. [A draft of Section C of this report was circulated in 1983 under the title "Aluminium Company of Canada, Ltd. Kemano Completion Hydroelectric Development, Technical Memorandum 1881/20. Prepared for Aluminum Company of Canada, Ltd by Envirocon Ltd, Vancouver, British Columbia. 53 pp.]
Anthony, D.D. (1974) Helminth parasites of sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario, Canada. Proceedings. 3rd International Congress of Parasitology, 25–31 August 1974, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany, pp. 1642–1643.
Anthony, D.D. (1977) A new species of Spinitectus (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 52nd Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 14–19 August 1977, Las Vegas, Nevada, pp. 70–71.
Anthony, D.D. (1978a) Helminth parasites of lake herring (Coregonus artedi) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 53rd Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 05–10 November 1978, Chicago, Illinois, pp. 80–81.
Anthony, D.D. (1978b) Metazoan parasites of percids from Lake Nipissing, Ontario, Canada. Proceedings. 4th International Congress of Parasitology, 19–26 August 1978, Warsaw, Poland. Short Communications, Section H, pp. 39–40.
Anthony, D.D. (1982) Helminth parasites of freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario, Canada. Proceedings. 5th International Congress of Parasitology, 07–14 August 1982, Toronto, Canada. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. Supplement (Parasitology ̶̶ Their World and Ours), p. 438.
Anthony, D.D. (1983) Metazoan parasites of esocids from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 58th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 04–08 December 1983, San Antonio, Texas, p. 41.
Anthony, D.D. (1984) Helminth parasites of white bass (Morone chrysops) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 59th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 05–09 August 1984. Snowbird, Utah, p. 27.
Anthony, D.D. (1985) Helminth parasites of centrarchids from Lake Nipissing, Ontario, Program and Abstracts. 60th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 04–08 August 1985, Athens, Georgia, p. 34.
Anthony, D.D. (1986) Helminth parasites of an exclusively freshwater stock of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) from the Canadian Great Lakes. In: Howell, M.J. (Ed.), Parasitology ̶̶ Quo Vadis? Program and Abstracts. 6th International Congress of Parasitology, 25–29 August 1986, Brisbane, Australia. Handbook Supplement, p. 749.
Anthony, D.D. (1987) Helminth parasites of burbot (Lota lota) from Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Program and Abstracts. 62nd Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 02–05 August 1987, Lincoln, Nebraska, pp. 42–43.
Apold, W.O., Woyewoda, A.D., Shaw, S.J. & Bligh, E.G. (1984) Detection and removal of sealworms from Atlantic groundfish. Project Report for Fisheries and Oceans Canada by W.O. Apold (Tavel Ltd, Halifax), A.D. Woyewoda, S. J. Shaw & E.G. Bligh (Canadian Institute of Fisheries Technology, Halifax), 111 pp.
Appleton, T.E. & Burt, M.D.B. (1990) Differentiation of populations of the sealworm Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakidae), using isoelectric focusing. Program and Abstracts. 29th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, Simon Fraser University, 02–05 May 1990. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 21, p. 22.
Appleton, T.E. & Burt, M.D.B. (1991) Biochemical characterization of third-stage larval sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakidae), in Canadian Atlantic waters using isoelectric focusing of soluble proteins. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 48, 1800–1803.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-212
Appy, R.G. (1981) Species of Ascarophis van Beneden, 1870 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in North Atlantic fishes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 2193–2205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-297
Appy, R.G. & Anderson, R.C. (1982) The genus Capillospirura Skrjabin, 1924 (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) of sturgeons. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 194–202.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z82-027
Appy, R.G., Anderson, R.C. & Khan, R.A. (1985) Ichthyofilaria canadensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) from eelpouts (Lycodes spp.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 1590–1592.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-235
Appy, R.G. & Burt, M.D.B. (1982) Metazoan parasites of cod, Gadus morhua L., in Canadian Atlantic waters. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 60, 1573–1579.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z82-207
Appy, R.G. & Dadswell, M.J. (1978) Parasites of Acipenser brevirostrum LeSueur and Acipenser oxyrhynchus Mitchill (Osteichthyes: Acipenseridae) in the Saint John River estuary, N. B., with a description of Caballeronema pseudoargumentosus sp. n. (Nematoda: Spirurida). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 1382–1391.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z78-191
Appy, R.G. & Dadswell, M.J. (1980) Transmission of Caballeronema pseudoargumentosus (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae). Program and Abstracts. 55th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 04–08 August 1980, Berkeley, California, pp. 61–62.
Appy, R.G. & Dadswell, M.J. (1983) Transmission and development of Capillospirura pseudoargumentosa (Appy & Dadswell, 1978) (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 61, 848–859.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z83-111
Arai, H.P. (1964) Studies on host-specificity of fish parasites. In: L. Margolis. Parasitism and Disease. Progress Report, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo: p. G–4/G–5. (Mimeographed)
Arai, H.P. (1967a) A preliminary report on a study of the parasites of Burke Channel, British Columbia. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Manuscript Reports, 925, 26 pp.
Arai, H.P. (1967b) Ecological specificity of parasites of embiotocid fishes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 24, 2161–2168.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f67-176
Arai, H.P. (1969) Preliminary report on the parasites of certain marine fishes of British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26, 2319–2337.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f69-226
Arai, H.P. (1986) Seasonal changes and latitudinal differences in the parasite fauna of Cymatogaster aggregata. In: Howell, M.J. (Ed.). Parasitology –Quo Vadis? Program and Abstracts. 6th International Congress of Parasitology, 25–29 August 1986, Brisbane, Australia, p. 85.
Arai, H.P. (1989) Acanthocephala, pp. 1–90. In: L. Margolis & Z. Kabata (Eds.). Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Part III. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 107, 95 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282617
Arai, H.P. & Arthur, J.R. (1977) Allometric growth in Cucullanellus kanabus Walder and Arai (Nematoda: Cucullanidae). Excerta Parasitologica en Memoria del Doctor Eduardo Caballero y Caballero. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. Instituto de Biologia, Publicaciones Especiales, 4, 377–383.
Arai, H.P. & Kussat, R.H. (1967) Observations on the distribution of parasites of certain catostomid fishes of the Bow River, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 45, 1287–1290.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z67-140
Arai, H.P. & Mudry, D.R. (1983) Protozoan and metazoan parasites of fishes from the headwaters of the Parsnip and McGregor Rivers, British Columbia: a study of possible parasite transfaunations. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 1676–1684.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f83-194
Arai, H.P., Kabata, Z. & Noakes, D. (1988) Studies on seasonal changes and latitudinal differences in the metazoan fauna of the shiner perch, Cymatogaster aggregata, along the west coast of North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66, 1514–1517.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-222
Arai, M.N. (1989) Cnidaria, pp. 91–95. In: L. Margolis & Z. Kabata (Eds.). Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Part III. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 107, 95 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282617
Arthur, J.R. (1978) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi) in North American waters. Ph. D. Dissertation, Department of Biology, University of Calgary, Alberta, 206 pp.
Arthur, J.R. (1983) A preliminary analysis of the discreteness of stocks of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Canada based on their parasites. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1184, 15 pp.
Arthur, J.R. (1984) A survey of the parasites of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the northeastern Pacific Ocean off Canada and a zoogeographical analysis of the parasite fauna of this fish throughout its range. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 675–684.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z84-099;
Arthur, J.R. & Albert, E. (1992a) Parasites of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the Atlantic Ocean off Canada. Program and Abstracts. 31st Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, St Francis Xavier University, 13–17 May 1992. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoology, 23, p. 26.
Arthur, J.R. & Albert, E. (1992b) Parasites as biological tags for Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) from the Atlantic Ocean off Canada. Program and Abstracts. 67th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 04–08 August 1992, p. 63.
Arthur, J.R. & Albert, E. (1993) Use of parasites for separating stocks of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) in the Canadian northwest Atlantic. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 50, 2175–2181.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f93-243
Arthur, J.R. & Albert, E. (1994) A survey of the parasites of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) caught off Atlantic Canada, with notes on their zoogeography in this fish. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 72, 756–778.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-103
Arthur, J.R., Albert, E. & Boily, F. (1995) Parasites of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in the St. Lawrence estuary and gulf. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52 (Suppl. 1), 246–253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-532
Arthur, J.R. & Arai, H.P. (1984) Annotated checklist and bibliography of parasites of herring (Clupea harengus L.). Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 70, 26 pp.
Arthur, J.R. & Arai, H.P. (1979) A preliminary analysis of the value of parasites as biological indicators for stocks of Pacific herring. Program and Abstracts. 18th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, Quebec City, Quebec, 13–16 May 1979, p. 97.
Arthur, J.R. & Arai, H.P. (1980a) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes): survey results. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 64–70.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z80-008
Arthur, J.R. & Arai, H.P. (1980b) Studies on the parasites of Pacific herring (Clupea harengus pallasi Valenciennes): a preliminary evaluation of parasites as indicators of geographical origin for spawning herring. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 521–527.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z80-072
Arthur, J.R. & Margolis, L. (1975) Revision of the genus Haplonema Ward and Magath, 1917 (Nematoda: Seuratoidea). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 736–747.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z75-088
Arthur, J.R., Margolis, L. & Arai, H.P. (1976) Parasites of fishes of Aishihik and Stevens Lakes, Yukon Territory, and potential consequences of their interlake transfer through a proposed water diversion for hydroelectrical purposes. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 33, 2489–2499.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f76-294
Arthur, J.R., Margolis, L., Whitaker, D.J. & McDonald, T.E. (1982) A quantitative study of economically important parasites of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from British Columbian waters and effects of postmortem handling on their abundance in the musculature. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 39, 710–726.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f82-100
Baer, H.G. (1953) Appendix 38. Cod-worm investigation ̶̶ life history. In: Needler, A.W.H. (Ed.). Fisheries Research of Canada, Report of the Atlantic Biological Station for 1953, pp. 71–72.
Baggs, E.M. & Cowan, G.I. McT. (1989) The onset of parasitism of young-of-the-year brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), in Big Northern Pond, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland, Canada. Journal of Fish Biology, 35, 317–319.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1989.tb02983.x
Bailey, R.E. & Margolis, L. (1987) Comparison of parasite fauna of juvenile sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from southern British Columbian and Washington State lakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 65, 420–431.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z87-063
Bailey, R.E., Margolis, L. & Groot, C. (1988) Estimating stock composition of migrating juvenile Fraser River (British Columbia) sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, using parasites as natural tags. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 45, 586–591.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-071
Bajkov, A. (1930) A study of the whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) in Manitoban lakes. Contributions to Canadian Biology and Fisheries, 5, 441–455.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f30-015
Baker, M.R. (1979) Redescription of Camallanus ancylodirus Ward and Magath 1916 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes of North America. Journal of Parasitology, 65, 389–392.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3280280
Baker, M.R. (1984a) Redescription of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) cotylophora (Ward & Magath) (Nematoda: Cucullanidae) parasitic in freshwater fishes of eastern North America. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 2053–2061.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z84-300
Baker, M.R. (1984b) On the biology of Dichelyne (Cucullanellus) cotylophora (Ward & Magath, 1917) (Nematoda, Cucullanidae) in perch (Perca flavescens) from Lake Erie, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 2062–2073.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z84-301
Baldwin, R.E. & Goater, C.P. (2003) Circulation of parasites among fishes from lakes in the Caribou Mountains, Alberta, Canada. Journal of Parasitology, 89, 215–225.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2003)089[0215:copaff]2.0.co;2
Bangham, R.V. (1941) Parasites of fish of Algonquin Park lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 70, 161–171.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1940)70[161:pofoap]2.0.co;2
Bangham, R.V. (1951) Parasite records by location in 1951: Manitoulin Island and surrounding waters. University of Toronto, Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory Report, 27 pp.
Bangham, R.V. (1955) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Huron and Manitoulin Island. American Midland Naturalist, 53, 184–194.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2422308
Bangham, R.V. & Adams, J.R. (1954) A survey of the parasites of freshwater fishes from the mainland of British Columbia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 11, 673–708.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f54-043
Bangham, R.V. & Hunter, G.W. III. (1939) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Erie. Distribution studies. Zoologica (New York), 24, 385–444.
Bangham, R.V. & Venard, C.E. (1946) Parasites of fish of Algonquin Park lakes. II. Distribution studies. University of Toronto Studies in Biology Series, 53, 31–46. (Ontario Fisheries Research Laboratory Publication. No. 65.)
Barker, D.B., Khan, R.A. & Hooper, R. (1994) Bioindicators of stress in winter flounder, Pleuronectes americanus, captured adjacent to a pulp and paper mill in St George's Bay, Newfoundland. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 51, 2203–2209.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-222
Barker, D.E., Marcogliese, D.J. & Cone, D.K. (1996) On the distribution and abundance of eel parasites in Nova Scotia.: local versus regional patterns. Journal of Parasitology, 82, 697–701.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3283877
Barraclough, W.E. (1967) Data record. Number, size and food of larval and juvenile fish caught with an Isaac-Kidd trawl in the surface waters of the Strait of Georgia. April 25–29, 1996. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Manuscript Report Series, No. 926, 79 pp.
Bartlett, C.M. (1996) Morphogenesis of Contracaecum rudolphii (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea), a parasite of fish-eating birds, in its copepod precursor and fish intermediate hosts. Parasite, 4, 367–376.
Bartlett, C.M. & Anderson, R. C. (1985) Larval nematodes (Ascaridida and Spirurida) in the aquatic snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 46, 153–159.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(85)90143-0
Bashirullah, A.K.M. (1983) Survival and development of Philonema oncorhynchi (Nematoda: Philometridae) in different recipient fish hosts. Rivista Parassitologia, 44, 489–496.
Bashirullah, A.K.M. & Adams, J.R. (1966) Effect of pituitary extract on maturation of Philonema oncorhynchi. Program and Abstracts. 41st Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 29 October–04 November 1966, San Juan, Puerto Rico, p. 44.
Bashirullah, A.K.M. & Adams, J.R. (1983) Philonema oncorhynchi: effect of hormones on maturation in anadromous sockeye, Oncorhynchus nerka. International Journal for Parasitology, 13, 261–265.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(83)90037-1
Baudin-Laurencin, F. (1971) Oncophora melanocephala (Rud. 1819) n. comb., nématode Camallanidae, parasite du thon albacore Neothunnus albacares. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2nd series, Vol. 42, No. 5, 1970, 984–988.
Bell, D.A. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1980) Prevalence and intensity of Capillaria catostomi (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in white sucker (Catostomus commersoni) in southern Lake Huron, Canada. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 5, 267–271.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00005362
Bell, D.A. & Beverley-Burton, M. (1981) The taxonomy of Capillaria spp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) in North American freshwater fishes. Systematic Parasitology, 2, 157–169.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009905
Bell, G.R. & Hoskins, G.E. (1971) Investigations of wild fish mortalities in B.C., 1969–1970. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Technical Report, No. 245, 19 pp.
Bell, G.R. & Margolis, L. (1976) The fish health program and the occurrence of fish diseases in the Pacific region of Canada. Fish Pathology, 10, 115–122.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.10.115
Bennett, S.N. & Adamson, M.L. (1994) Patterns of parasite distribution in eelgrass bed fishes. Program and Abstracts. 69th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 09–13 August 1994. Fort Collins, Colorado, p. 63.
Bennett, S.N. & Adamson, M.L. (2004) Prevalence, intensity, and differential development of Pseudodelphis oligocotti (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) in sympatric fish hosts of the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Journal of Parasitology, 90, 678–684.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-244r
Bennett, S.N., Adamson, M.L. & Margolis, L. (1998) Long–term changes in parasites of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) smolts. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 55, 977–996.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-295
Berland, B. (1961) Nematodes from some Norwegian marine fishes. Sarsia, 2, 1–50.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1961.10410245Berland, B. (1963) Phocascaris cystophorae sp. nov. (Nematoda) from the hooded seal, with an emendation of the genus. Årbok for Universitetet i Bergen. Matematisk–Naturvitenskapelig Serie, 17, 21 pp.
Berland, B. (1970) On the morphology of the head in four species of the Cucullanidae (Nematoda). Sarsia, 43, 15–64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1970.10411168Berland, B. (1981) An anisakid larva with aberrant appendix. Sarsia, 66, 316–317.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00364827.1981.10414550Berland, B. (1983) Redescription of Cucullanus elongatus Smedley, 1933 (Nematoda: Seuratoidea) from the lingcod Ophiodon elongatus Girard, 1854 from the Pacific coast of Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology ,61, 385–395.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z83-051
Berland, B., Brattey, J., D'Amelio, S., Mattiucci, S., Nascetti, G., Orecchia, P., Paggi, L. & Smith, J.W. (1989) Multilocus electrophoresis in the study of marine ascaridoid nematodes: species, hosts and geographic distribution in the North Atlantic. Program and Abstracts. 64th Annual Meeting, American Society of Parasitologists, 06–10 August 1989. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, p. 71.
Beverley-Burton, M. (1978a) Metazoan parasites of Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus L.) in a high Arctic landlocked lake in Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 56, 365–368.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z78-052
Beverley-Burton, M. (1978b) Population genetics of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and their use as biological indicators of host stocks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3, 369–377.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00000529
Beverley-Burton, M. (1984) Monogenea and Turbellaria, pp. 5–209. In: Margolis, L. & Kabata, Z. (Eds.), Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Part I. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 107, 209 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00008087
Beverley-Burton, M., Nyman, O.L. & Pippy, J.H.C. (1977) The morphology, and some observations on the population genetics of Anisakis simplex larvae (Nematoda: Ascaridata) from fishes of the North Atlantic. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34, 105–112.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f77-012
Beverley-Burton, M. & Pippy, J.H.C. (1977) Morphometric variation among larval nematodes (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from fishes of the North Atlantic and their use as biological indicators of host stocks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 2, 309–314.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00005998
Beverley-Burton, M. & Pippy, J.H.C. (1978) Distribution, prevalence and mean numbers of larval Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. and their use as biological indicators of host stocks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 3, 211–222.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00691945
Bishop, Y.M.M. & Margolis, L. (1955) A statistical examination of Anisakis larvae (Nematoda) in herring (Clupea pallasi) of the British Columbia coast. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 12, 571–592.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f55-030
Black, E.A. (1984) The stomach contents of the Pacific cod, sablefish and lingcod in the Queen Charlotte Straits 1978–1981. British Columbia Ministry of Fisheries, Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Data Report, No. 7, 273 pp.
Black, E.A. (1985) The stomach contents of Pacific herring in the Queen Charlotte Straits 1978–1981. British Columbia Ministry of Fisheries, Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Data Report, No. 8, 142 pp.
Black, E.A. & Low, C.J. (1985) The stomach contents of Salmonidae caught in the Queen Charlotte Straits 1978–1981. British Columbia Ministry of Fisheries, Fisheries Branch, Fisheries Data Report, No. 9, 481 pp.
Black, G.A. (1981a) Metazoan parasites as indicators of movements of anadromous brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) to sea. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1892–1896.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-257
Black, G.A. (1981b) Population biology of the swim–bladder nematode, Cystidicola cristivomeri, in charr, Salvelinus spp. Program and Abstracts. 20th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, University of Waterloo, 10–13 May 1981. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 12, p.33.
Black, G.A. (1983a) Taxonomy of a swimbladder nematode, Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy) and evidence of its decline in the Great Lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 643–647.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f83-085
Black, G.A. (1983b) Origin, distribution, and postglacial dispersal of a swimbladder nematode, Cystidicola stigmatura. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 1244–1253.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f83-141
Black, G.A. (1983c) Cystidicola farionis (Nematoda) as an indicator of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of Bering ancestry. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 40, 2034–2040.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f83-234
Black, G.A. (1984a) Swimbladder lesions in lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) associated with mature Cystidicola stigmatura (Nematoda). Journal of Parasitology,70, 441–443.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281580
Black, G.A. (1984b) Morphometrics of Cystidicola stigmatura (Nematoda) in relation to its glacial history. Journal of Parasitology, 70, 967–974.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3281649
Black, G.A. (1985) Reproductive output and population biology of Cystidicola stigmatura (Leidy) (Nematoda) in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus (L.) (Salmonidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 63, 617–622.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-090
Black, G.A. & Anderson, R.C. (1982) Zoogeography of Cystidicola cristivomeri in char, Salvelinus spp. Abstracts. 5th International Congress of Parasitology, 07–14 August 1982, Toronto, Canada. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. Supplement (Parasites ̶̶ Their World and Ours), pp. 351–352.
Black, G.A. & Lankester, M.W. (1980) Migration and development of swim–bladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp. (Habronematoidea), in their definitive hosts. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 58, 1997–2005.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z80-275
Black, G.A. & Lankester, M.W. (1981a) The transmission, life span, and population biology of Cystidicola cristivomeri White, 1941 (Nematoda: Habronematoidea) in char, Salvelinus spp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 498–509.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-073
Black, G.A. & Lankester, M.W. (1981b) The biology and parasites of deepwater sculpin, Myoxocephalus thompsonii (Girard), in Burchell Lake, Ontario. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 59, 1454–1457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z81-196
Black, G.A. & Lankester, M.W. (1984) Distribution and biology of swimbladder nematodes, Cystidicola spp. (Habronematoidea), in charr, Salvelinus spp. In: L. Johnson & B. Burns (Eds.). Biology of the Arctic Charr. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Arctic Charr. May, 1981, Winnipeg, Manitoba. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg, Manitoba, pp. 413–429.
Black, W.F. (1957) The feeding of nematode–infested mysids to cod. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Manuscript Reports (Biology), No. 627, 11 pp.
Blair, J.E., Ikeo, K., Gojobori, T. & Hedges, S.B. (2002) The evolutionary position of nematodes. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 2, 7 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-2-7
Blaxter, M. L., De Ley, P., Garey, J. R., Liu, L. X., Scheldeman, P., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J.R., Mackey, L.Y., Dorris, M., Frisse, L.M., Vida, J.T. & Thomas, W.K. (1998) A molecular evolutionary framework for the phylum Nematoda. Nature, 392, 71–75.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/32160
Blaycock, R.B. (1996) The parasites of Pacific halibut, Hippoglossus stenolepis, in the northeastern Pacific: ecological patterns in time and space. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, 156 pp.
Blaycock, R.B., Holmes, J.C. & Margolis, L. (1998a) The parasites of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the eastern North Pacific: host-level influences. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 536–547.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-214
Blaycock, R.B., Margolis, L. & Holmes, J.C. (1998b) Zoogeography of the parasites of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the northeast Pacific. Canadian Journal of Zoology ,76, 2262–2273.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-172
Blaycock, R.B., Margolis, L. & Holmes, J.C. (2003) The use of parasites in discriminating stocks of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the northeast Pacific. Fisheries Bulletin, 101, 1–9.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z98-172
Boghen, A.D. & Davey, K.G. (1975) A pseudocoelomocyte in the parasitic nematode Phocanema decipiens. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 94, 203–210.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3224981
Boily, F. & Marcogliese, D.J. (1995) Geographical variations in abundance of larval anisakine nematodes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and American plaice (Hippoglossoides platessoides) from the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52 (Suppl. 1), 105–115.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-516
Boje, J., Riget, F. & Koie, M. (1997) Helminth parasites as biological tags in population studies of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Walbaum)), in the north–west Atlantic. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54, 886–895.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0214
Bouillon, D.R. & Dempson, J.B. (1989) Metazoan parasite infections in landlocked and anadromous Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus Linnaeus), and their use as indicators of movement to sea in young anadromous charr. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2478–2485.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z89-350
Bourgeois, C.E. & Ni, I.–H. (1984) Metazoan parasites of northwest Atlantic redfishes (Sebastes spp.). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 62, 1879–1885.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z84-274
Bousfield, E.L. & Kabata, Z. (1988) Amphipoda, pp. 149–163. In: Margolis, L. & Kabata, Z. (Eds.), Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada. Part II–Crustacea. Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 107, 184 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/193724088x00567
Bowen, W.D. (Ed.) (1990) Population Biology of Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in Relation to its Intermediate and Seal Hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 222, 306 pp.
Boyar, H.C. & Perkins, F.E. (1971) The occurrence of a larval nematode (Anisakis sp.) in adult herring from ICNAF subareas 4 and 5, 1962–1969. International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Research Document, Series No. 2576, No. 99, 2 pp.
Boyce, N.P. (1966) The parasites of central British Columbia pink salmon during their early sea life, with special notes on the trematode Lecithaster gibbosus. Fisheries Research Board of Canada Manuscript Reports (Biology), No. 877, 8 pp.
Boyce, N.P. (1969) Parasite fauna of pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) of the Bella Coola River, central British Columbia, during their early sea life. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 26, 813–820.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f69-079
Boyce, N.P. (1971) An instrument for removing cephalic sections of nematodes. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 90, 89–92.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3224903
Boyce, N.P. & Yamada, S.B. (1977) Effects of a parasite, Eubothrium salvelini (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea), on the resistance of juvenile sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, to zinc. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 34, 706–709.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f77-110
Boyes, J.W. & Anderson, R.C. (1961) Meiotic chromosomes of Cystidicola stigmatura and C. cristivomeri (Nematoda: Spiruroidea). Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology, 3, 231–236.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g61-026Bradford, R.G. & Iles, T.D. (1992) Unique biological characteristics of spring-spawning herring (Clupea harengus L.) in Minas Basin, Nova Scotia, a tidally dynamic environment. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 641–648.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-096
Bradley, C. (1961a) The effect of electrical stimulation at low temperatures on the larvae of Phocanema decipiens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 39, 35–42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z61-004
Bradley, C. (1961b) The effect of certain chemicals on the response to electrical stimulation and the spontaneous rhythmical activity of larvae of Phocanema decipiens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 39, 129–136.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z61-016
Bradstreet, M.S.W., Finley, K.J., Sekerak, A.D., Griffiths, W.B., Evans, C.R., Fabijan, M.F. & Stallard, H.E. (1986) Aspects of the biology of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and its importance in Arctic marine food chains. Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 1491, 193 pp.
Brattey, J. (1988) A simple technique for recovering larval ascaridoid nematodes from the flesh of marine fish. Journal of Parasitology, 74, 735–737.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282202
Brattey, J. (1995) Identification of larval Contracaecum osculatum s. l. and Phocascaris sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from marine fishes by allozyme electrophoresis and discriminant function analysis of morphometric data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 52 (Suppl. 1), 116–128.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-517
Brattey, J. & Bishop, C.A. (1992) Larval Anisakis simplex (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) infection in the musculature of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, from Newfoundland and Labrador. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 49, 2635–2647.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-292
Brattey, J., Bishop, C.A. & Myers, R.A. (1990) Geographic distribution and abundance of Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in the musculature of Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, from Newfoundland and Labrador. In: Bowen, W.D. (Ed.), Population Biology of Sealworm (Pseudoterranova decipiens) in Relation to its Intermediate and Seal Hosts. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, No. 222, 67–82.
Brattey, J. & Davidson, W.S. (1996) Genetic variation within Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) from Canadian Atlantic marine fishes and seals: characterization by RFLP and genomic DNA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 53, 333–341.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-53-2-333
Bray, R.A. (1987) A study of the helminth parasites of Anarhichas lupus (Perciformes: Anarhichadidae) in the North Atlantic. Journal of Fish Biology, 31, 237–264.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1987.tb05229.x
Brooks, D.R. & Hoberg, E.P. (2001) Parasite systematics in the 21st century: opportunities and obstacles. Trends in Parasitology, 17, 273–275.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1471-4922(01)01894-3
Burt, M.D.B., Appleton, T.E., Jarecka, L., Likely, C., MacKinnon, B.M. & Smith, J.W. (1990a) Detailed morphology of the sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakinae) using light and scanning electron microscopy. Abstract. Spring Meeting, British Society for Parasitology, 04–06 April 1990, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Burt, M.D.B., Appleton, T., Jarecka, L., Likely, C.G., MacKinnon, B.M. & Smith, J.W. (1990b) Recent advances in our knowledge of the sealworm, Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Anisakidae). Abstracts. 7th International Congress of Parasitology, August 1990, Paris, France.
Burt, M.D.B., Campbell, J.D., Likely, C.G. & Smith, J.W. (1990c) Serial passage of larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea) in fish. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 47, 693–695.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-077
Burt, M.D.B., Jarecka, L. & Appleton, T.E. (1990d) Differentiation of sealworm siblings using intermediate hosts and isoelectric focusing. Abstract. Spring Meeting, British Society for Parasitology, 04–06 April 1990, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland.
Burt, M.D.B., Jarecka, L. & Likely, C.G. (1989a) Marine anisakines: recent advances in our knowledge. Program and Abstracts. 29th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, May 1990, York University, Toronto.
Burt, M.D.B., Likely, C.G. & MacKinnon, B.M. (1989b) Culturing Pseudoterranova decipiens, Contracaecum osculatum and Anisakis simplex (Nematoda) in vivo and in vitro. Abstract. Spring Meeting, British Society for Parasitology, April 1990, Southampton, England.
Bush, A.O., Lafferty, K.D., Lotz, J.M. & Shostak, A.W. (1997) Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms. Margolis et al. revisited. Journal of Parasitology, 83, 575–583.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3284227
Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, I.E., A.V. Gussev, M.N. Dubinina, N.A. Izyumova, T.S. Smirova, I.L. Sokolovskaya, G.A. Shtein, S.S. Shulman & V.H. Epshtein (1964) Key to Parasites of Freshwater Fishes of the USSR. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem (translation of the 1962 Russian original), 919 pp.
Byrne, P.J. (1989) Transmission and epizootiology of two Rhabdochona spp. (Thelazioidea) in stream fishes in southern Ontario. M. Sc. Thesis, Department of Zoology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
Byrne, P.J. (1992a) Rhabdochona rotundicaudatum n. sp. and a redescription of R. cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 (Nematoda: Thelazioidea) from minnows in southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 476–484.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-072
Byrne, P.J. (1992b) On the biology of Rhabdochona rotundicaudatum and R. cascadilla (Nematoda: Thelazioidea) in stream fishes from southern Ontario, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 70, 485–493.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-073
Byrne, P.J. & Baker, M.R. (1987) The biology of Rhabdochona cascadilla Wigdor, 1918 (Nematoda: Spirurida) in the common shiner from a southern Ontario stream. Program and Abstracts. 26th Annual Meeting, Canadian Society of Zoologists, McGill University, 13–15 May 1987. Bulletin of the Canadian Society of Zoologists, 18, p. 22.
Cain, G.D. & Raj, R.K. (1980) Anisakis, Phocanema, Contracaecum, and Sulcascaris spp.: electrophoresis and thermostability of alcohol and malate dehydrogenases from larvae. Experimental Parasitology, 49, 56–67.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-4894(80)90056-9
Campbell, D.M., Bradford, R. G. & Jones, K.M.M. (2013) Occurrences of Anguillicoloides crassus, an invasive parasitic nematode, infecting American eel (Anguilla rostrata) collected from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia rivers: 2008–2009. DFO Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat, Research Document, 2012/082, iv + 19 pp.
Cannon, L.R.G. (1973) Diet and intestinal helminths in a population of perch, Perca flavescens. Journal of Fish Biology, 5, 447–457.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1973.tb04474.x
Cannon, L.R.G. (1977) Some larval ascaridoids from southeastern Queensland marine fishes. International Journal for Parasitology, 7, 233–243.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(77)90053-4
Carney, J.P. & Dick, T.A. (1999) Enteric helminths of perch (Perca fluviatilis L.) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens Mitchill): stochastic or predictable assemblages? Journal of Parasitology, 85, 785–795.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285812
Carney, J.P. & Dick, T.A. (2000) Helminth communities of yellow perch (Perca flavescens (Mitchill)): determinants of pattern. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78, 538–555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-222
Carney, J.P., Sheldon, T.A. & Lovejoy, N.R. (2009) Parasites of the deepwater sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) across its Canadian range. Journal of Parasitology, 95, 1209–1212.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/ge-2011.1
Caspeta-Mandujano, J.M., Moravec, F. & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (1999) Observations on cucullanid nematodes from freshwater fishes in Mexico, including Dichelyne mexicanus sp. n. Folia Parasitologica, 46, 289–295.
Chabaud, A.G. (1974) Class Nematoda. Keys to Subclasses, Orders and Superfamilies. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 1, pp. 6–17. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Chabaud, A.G. (1975a) Keys to the Genera of the Order Spirurida. Part 1. Camallanoidea, Dracunculoidea, Gnathostomatoidea, Physalopteroidea, Rictularioidea and Thelazioidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 3, pp. 1–26. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Chabaud, A.G. (1975b) Keys to Genera of the Order Spirurida. Part 2. Spiruroidea, Habronematoidea and Acuarioidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 3, pp. 29–58. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Chabaud, A.G. (1978) Keys to Genera of the Superfamilies Cosmocercoidea, Seuratoidea, Heterakoidea and Subuluroidea. In: Anderson, R.C., Chabaud, A.G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH Keys to the Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. No. 6, 71 pp. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Farnham Royal, Bucks, England.
Chan, G.–L