Abstract
A total of 27 male sciarid types described by Skuse (1888 and 1890), held in the Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, and the Australian Museum, Sydney, were remounted and examined microscopically. Of these, 25 species were described as Sciara Meigen, one as Zygoneura Meigen and one as Trichosia Winnertz. Revision of these species revealed the following: 13 species belong to the genus Bradysia Winnertz (B. amabilis, B. conjuncta, B. crassicornis, B. exsequialis, B. frequens, B. froggatti, B. luctifica, B. maesta, B. mastersi, B. ornatula, B. pernitida, B. pictipes, B. unica), 1 species to the genus Corynoptera Winnertz (C. minutela), 4 species to the genus Austrosciara Schmitz & Mjöberg (Aus. infrequens, Aus. montivaga, Aus. spectabilis, Aus. winnertzi), 2 species to the genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Psl. cavatica, Psl. ignobilis), 1 species to the genus Pseudozygomma Mohrig (Pseudoz. maculipennis), 1 species to the genus Sciara Meigen (Sc. tryoni), and 1 species to the genus Scythropochroa Enderlein (Scyth. macleayi). In total 26 species were new combinations. Eight species names were declared as new synonyms: Bradysia pictipes (Skuse, 1888) = Sciara notata Skuse, 1888 syn. n. and = Bradysia seticornis Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 (from New Caledonia) syn. n.; Bradysia conjuncta (Skuse, 1890) = Sciara serenipennis Skuse, 1890 syn. n.; Pseudolycoriella cavatica (Skuse, 1888) = Sciara familiaris Skuse, 1888 syn. n. and = Sciara festiva Skuse, 1888 syn. n.; Bradysia luctifica (Skuse, 1888) = Bradysia planistylata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n.; Sciara tryoni Skuse, 1890 = Sciara insulana Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2015 syn. n. (both species are from New Caledonia); Austrosciara winnertzi (Skuse, 1888) = Sciara rufulenta Edwards, 1927 syn. n. (from New Zealand). Lectotype specimens were designated for 17 species in order to fix the names.
References
Alexander, C.P. (1932) A review of the Tipulidae of Australia (Diptera). I. Introduction; Historical; Distribution. Subfamily Tipulinae: Clytocosmus Skuse. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 57, 1–23.
Bickel, D. (1991) Frederick A.A. Skuse. Circular of the Entomological Society of New South Wales, 411, 50–51.
Bickel, D. (2009) Why Hilara is not amusing: the problem of open-ended taxa and the limits of taxonomic knowledge. In: Pape, T, Bickel, D. & Meyer, S. (Eds.), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, pp. 279–301.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004148970.i-459.46Britton, E.B. & Stanbury, P.J. (1981) Type specimens in the Macleay Museum, University of Sydney. VIII. Insects: Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera). Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 105 (4), 241–293.
Clift, A.D. (1979) The pest status and control of insects and mites associated with cultivated mushrooms in Australia. The Mushroom Journal, 75, 113–116.
Clift, A.D. & Larsson, S.F. (1984) The incidence and ecology of Lycoriella mali (Fitch) (Diptera: Sciaridae) in the commercial culture of two species of mushroom in NSW. General and Applied Entomology, 16, 49–56.
Daniels. G. (2004) Bibliography of Australian Entomology 1687–2000. Vol. 2 N–Z. G. Daniels, Queensland. 862 pp.
Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. (1999) World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. xlviii + 756 p.
Frey, R. (1942) Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). Notulae Entomologicae, 22, 5–44.
Frey, R. (1948) Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropӓischen Arten. Notulae Entomologicae, 27 (2–4), 33–112.
Froggatt, W.W. (1909) Australian Insects. W. Brooks & Co. Sydney, 449 pp.
Greenslade, P. & Clift, A. (2004) Review of pest arthropods recorded from commercial mushroom farms in Australia. Australasian Mycologist, 23 (3), 77–93.
Hippa, H., Vilkamaa, P. & Heller, K. (2010) Review of the Holarctic Corynoptera Winnertz, s. str. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2659, 1–197.
Johannsen, O.A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57–146.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.86614
Kieffer, J. (1903) Description de trois genres nouveaux et de cinq espèces nouvelles de la famille des Sciaridae (Dipteres). Annales de la Société scientifique de Bruxelles, 27 (3), 196–205.
Lee, D.J., Hicks, M.M., Griffiths, M., Russell, R.C. & Marks, E.N. (1980) The history of Australian mosquito research. In: The Culicidae of the Australasian Region Volume I. Entomology Monograph No. 2. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 248 pp.
Loudon, B.J. (1978) A new species of Lycoriella Frey (Diptera: Sciaridae) infesting cultivated mushrooms in New South Wales. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 17, 163–166.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.1978.tb02226.x
Loudon, B.J. (1980) Some aspects of sciarid taxonomy. Circular of the Entomological Society of Australia (N.S.W.), 304, 7–8.
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (1997) 2.6. Family Sciaridae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (Eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance), Volume 2. Nematocera and Lower Brachycera. Budapest: Science Herald, pp. 51–69.
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (1998) Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Faunistik der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera, Sciaridae). Teil 6 ‒ Neue Ergebnisse aus Typenuntersuchungen und die daraus resultierenden taxonomisch-nomenklatorischen Konsequenzen. Studia dipterologica, 5 (2), 351–378.
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica Supplement, 6, 1–761.
Mohrig, W. (2004) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil II—Gattungen Scythropochroa, Cratyna, Epidapus, Hyperlasion, Corynoptera, Keilbachia, Scatopsciara, Pelliciplanta gen. nov. und Pseudozygomma gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 11 (1), 129–174.
Mohrig, W. (2013) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil III—Gattungen Ctenosciara und Pseudolycoriella. Studia dipterologica, 20, 123–168.
Mohrig, W. (2016) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil IV—Gattungen Bradysia und Chiasmata gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 22 (1), 3‒38.
Mohrig, W. & Jaschhof, M. (1999) Sciarid flies (Diptera, Sciaridae) of New Zealand. Studia dipterologica Supplement, 7, 1–110.
Mohrig, W., Heller, K. Hippa, H. Vilkamaa, P. & Menzel, F. (2013) Revision of the Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. Studia dipterologica, 19 (1–2), 141–286.
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A. (2016a) Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a new dark-winged fungus gnat from Norfolk Island and Australia. Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 139–142.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.11
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Heller, K. (2016b) Austrosciara Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1924 (Diptera, Sciaridae), a senior synonym to Ctenosciara, Tuomikoski 1960, and the description of two new species with reduced wings of Austrosciara. (submitted to Zootaxa).
Pape, T. & Thompson, F.C. (Eds.) (2013) Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. http://www.diptera.org/ (Accessed 6 July 2016)
Pettey, F.W. (1918) A revision of the genus Sciara of the family Mycetophilidae (Diptera). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 11 (4), 319–343.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/11.4.319Rudzinski, H.G. (2006) Beträge zur Trauermückenfauna Taiwans Teil II: Gattungen Sciara, Schweckfeldina, Trichosia, Leptosciarella, Baeosciara und Trichosillana gen. nov. (Diptera, Nematocera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 26 (15), 253–280.
Schmitz, H. & Mjöberg, E. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910–13. 35. Sciaridae und Phoridae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 16 (9), 1–8.
Skuse, F.A.A. (1887) British stalk-eyed Crustacea and spiders. With an account of their structure, classification, and habitats. The Young Collector. Swan Sonnenschein, Lowrey & Co., London, 128 pp.
Skuse, F.A.A. (1888) Diptera of Australia. Part II.—The Sciaridae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (3), 657–726.
Skuse, F.A.A. (1890) Diptera of Australia. Nematocera.—Supplement I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (5), 373–413.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18643
Stacey, R. & Hay, A. (2007) Museum: The Macleay’s, their Collections and the Search for Order. Cambridge University Press. Port Melbourne, 196 pp.
Stephens, W.J. (1889) President’s Address. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (3), 1–1792.
Strahan, R. (1979) Rare and curious specimens: an illustrated history of the Australian Museum, 1827–1979. Australian Museum, Sydney, 173 pp.
Sutou, M., Ito, M.T. & Menzel, F. (2004) A taxonomic study on the Japanese species of the genus Sciara Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica, 11, 175–192.
Tonnoir, A.L. (1929) Australian Mycetophilidae. Synopsis of the genera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 54, 584–614.
Tonnoir, A.L. & Edwards, F.W. (1927) New Zealand Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57, 747–878.
Tuomikoski, R. (1960) Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands—Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae “Vanamo“, 21 (4), 1–164.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012a) The genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3207, 1–21.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012b) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 2560, 42–50.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012c) The genus Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3489, 25–44.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2015) The genus Sciara Meigen (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3947 (4), 589–594.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.10Waite, E.R. (1896) AMS587/37 Edgar Waite Diary No. 40—1st December 1895 to 30th June 1896. Australian Museum, Sydney, 170 pp. http://australianmuseum.net.au/uploads/documents/31292/ams587_37_waite%20diary%2040.pdf (Accessed 6 July 2016)
Walker, F. (1848) List of the Specimens of the Dipterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum (I). Printed by Order of the Trustees. London, 229 pp.
http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.57902Warner, M. (2011) Mariners & ships in Australian Waters—Orient of Glasgow, J.K. Ridler Master, Burthen 3285 tons from the port of London to Sydney, New South Wales, 22nd February, 1887. State Records Authority of New South Wales: Shipping Master’s Office; passengers Arriving 1855‒1922; NRS13278, [X185] reel 477. Transcribed by V.S. Cullen. Available from: http://mariners.records.nsw.gov.au/1887/02/094ori.htm (Accessed 6 July 2016)
Wu, H., Zhang, S.J. & Huang, J. (2010) The Genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski in China, with description of three new species (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2560, 42‒50.