Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4242 No. 3: 13 Mar. 2017
Type: Article
Published: 2017-03-13
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.1
Page range: 401–440
Abstract views: 170
PDF downloaded: 3

Revision of Neacomys spinosus (Thomas, 1882) (Rodentia: Cricetidae) with emphasis on Peruvian populations and the description of a new species

Doctorado en Ciencias, mención Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Austral de Chile, Campus Isla s/n, Valdivia, Chile Departamento de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Lima, Peru.
Departamento de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Av. Arenales 1256, Lima 14, Lima, Peru. Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas “Antonio Raimondi”, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Av. Arenales 1256, Lima, Peru. Lima 14.
Mammalia Bolivia Peru spiny mouse Oryzomyini Andean rivers

Abstract

The large spiny mouse Neacomys spinosus (Thomas, 1882) has been considered the widest ranging species of the genus, occurring in southern Colombia, eastern Peru, western Brazil and northern Bolivia. The morphological variation between subspecies and populations of N. spinosus has been noted; nonetheless, this variation has not been assessed in a morphological or molecular context. Here, we present a taxonomic revision of Neacomys spinosus s.l. using qualitative and quantitative morphological analyses. These analyses were complemented with molecular analysis to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships among species of Neacomys, based on sequences of the cytochrome b gene. Our results reveal that N. spinosus s.l. is a monophyletic group, and morphological and molecular evidence to differentiate three taxa: N. spinosus s.s., an endemic species from mountain cloud forests in Peru; N. amoenus s.l. from the Cerrado between Bolivia and Brazil to the Amazonia between Ecuador and northern Peru, and Neacomys sp. nov. from mountain cloud forests from southern Peru to Bolivia. Also, our molecular results indicate that Neacomys is still far from being completely known. For instance, there are three candidate species pending of taxonomic revision. Finally, we propose three species groups within Neacomys: “paracou”, “tenuipes” and “spinosus”, and discuss biogeographical scenarios of the genus within South America.

 

References

  1. Bonaccorso, E. (2009) Historical biogeography and speciation in the Neotropical highlands: molecular phylogenetics of the jay genus Cyanolyca. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50 (3), 618–632.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.12.012

    Bonvicino, C.R. & Weksler, M. (2015) Genus Nectomys. In: Patton, J.L., Pardiñas, U.F.J. & D'Elía, G. (Eds.), Mammals of South America. Vol. 2. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 369–377.

    Cabrera. A.L. (1961) Catálogo de los mamíferos de América del Sur II (Sirenia, Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Lagomorfa, Rodentia, Cetacea). Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, 4, 309–732.

    Carleton, M.D. & Musser, G.G. (1989) Systematics studies of Oryzomyine rodents (Muridae, Sigmodontinae): A synopsis of Microryzomys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 191, 1–83

    Carleton, M.D. & Musser, G.G. (2015) Genus Oecomys. In: Patton, J.L., Pardiñas, U.F.J. & D'Elía, G. (Eds.), Mammals of South America. Vol. 2. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 393–417.

    Catzeflis, F. & Tilak, M. (2009) Molecular systematics of Neotropical spiny mice (Neacomys: Sigmodontinae, Rodentia) from the Guianan Region. Mammalia, 73 (3), 239–247.
    https://doi.org/10.1515/MAMM.2009.037

    Chaves, J.A., Weir, J.T. & Smith, T.B. (2011) Diversification in Adelomyia hummingbirds follows Andean uplift. Molecular Ecology, 20 (21), 4564–4576.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05304.x

    da Silva, W.O., Pieczarka, J.C., Rossi, R.V., Schneider, H., Sampaio, I., Miranda, C.L., da Silva, C.R., Cardoso, E.M. & Nagamachi, C.Y. (2015) Diversity and Karyotypic Evolution in the Genus Neacomys (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae). Cytogenetic and genome research, 146 (4), 296–305.
    https://doi.org/10.1159/000441173

    De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic biology, 56 (6), 879–886.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1999). International code of zoological nomenclature adopted by the XXIII General Assembly of the International Union of Biological Sciences. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. Available from: http://www.iczn.org/iczn/index.jsp (accessed 25 January 2017)

    Gyldenstolpe, N. (1932) A manual of Neotropical sigmodont rodents. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar, 11 (3), 1–164.

    Hershkovitz, P. (1940) A new spiny mouse of the genus Neacomys from Eastern Ecuador. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology of University of Michigan, 419, 1–4.

    Hershkovitz, P. (1962) Evolution of Neotropical cricetine rodents (Muridae) with special reference to the Phyllotine group. Fieldiana: Zoology, 46, 1–524.
    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2781

    Hice, C.L. & Velazco, P.M. (2012) Non-volant mammals of the Reserva Nacional Allpahuayo-Mishana, Loreto, Peru. Special Publications of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 60, 1–135.

    Honacki, J.H., Kinman, K.E. & Koeppl, J.W. (1982) Mammal species of the world, A Taxonomic and geographic reference. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 428 pp.

    Jiménez, C.F., Pacheco, V. & Vivas, D. (2013) An introduction to the systematics of Akodon orophilus Osgood, 1913 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3669 (3), 223–242.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3669.3.2

    Lau, M.K. (2013) DTK: Dunnett-Tukey-Kramer Pairwise Multiple Comparison Test Adjusted for Unequal Variances and Unequal Sample Sizes. (R package version 3.5). Available from: http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=DTK (accessed 17 August 2016)

    Lawrence, B. (1941) Neacomys from Northewestern South America. Journal of Mammalogy, 22 (4), 418–427.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/1374938

    Leite, R.N., Kolokotronis, S.O., Almeida, F.C., Werneck, F.P., Rogers, D.S. & Weksler, M. (2014) In the wake of invasion: tracing the historical biogeography of the South American cricetid radiation (Rodentia, Sigmodontinae). PloS one, 9, e100687.
    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100687

    Leo, M. & Romo, M. (1992) Distribución altitudinal de roedores sigmodontinos (Cricetidae) en el Parque Nacional Rio Abiseo, San Martín, Peru. Memorias del Museo de Historia Natural, U.N.M.S.M., 21, 105–118.

    Luna, L. & Pacheco, V. (2002) A new species of Thomasomys (Muridae: Sigmodontinae) from the Andes of southeastern Peru. Journal of Mammalogy, 83 (3), 834–842.

    https://doi.org/10.1644/1545-1542(2002)083<0834:ANSOTM>2.0.CO;2

    Machado, L.F., Leite, Y.L., Christoff, A.U. & Giugliano, L.G. (2014) Phylogeny and biogeography of tetralophodont rodents of the tribe Oryzomyini (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae). Zoologica Scripta, 43 (2), 119–130.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12041

    Musser, G.G. & Carleton, M.D. (1993) Muridae. In: Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (Eds.), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 2nd Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 709.

    Musser, G.G. & Carleton, M.D. (2005) Rodentia. In: Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (Eds.), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd Edition. Vol. 2. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, pp. 1127–1128

    Novak, R.M. & Paradiso, J.L. (1983) Walker’s Mammals of the World. Vol. II. 4th Edition. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore and London, pp. 574–575.

    Pacheco, V. (2003) Phylogenetic analyses of the Thomasomyini (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae) based on morphological data. Ph.D. dissertation, The City University of New York, New York, 397 pp.

    Pacheco, V., Cadenillas, R., Salas, E., Tello, C. & Zeballos, H. (2009) Diversidad y endemismo de los mamíferos del Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología, 16 (1), 5–32.

    Pacheco, V., Marquez, G., Salas, E. & Centty, O. (2011) Diversidad de mamíferos en la cuenca media del río Tambopata, Puno, Peru. Revista Peruana de Biología, 18 (2), 231–244.
    https://doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v18i2.246

    Pacheco, V., Rengifo, E.M. & Vivas, D. (2014) A new species of Leaf-eared Mouse, genus Phyllotis Waterhouse, 1837 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from northern Peru. Therya, 5 (2), 481–507.
    https://doi.org/10.12933/therya-14-185

    Parada, A., Pardiñas, U.F.J., Salazar-Bravo, J., D’Elía, G. & Palma, R.E. (2013) Dating an impressive Neotropical radiation: molecular time estimates for the Sigmodontinae (Rodentia) provide insights into its historical biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66 (3), 960–968.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.12.001

    Parada, A., D’Elía, G. & Palma, R.E. (2015) The influence of ecological and geographical context in the radiation of Neotropical sigmodontine rodents. BMC evolutionary biology, 15, 172.
    https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0440-z

    Patterson, B.D., Stotz, D.F. & Solari, S. (2006) Mammals and birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Fieldiana, Zoology, 110, 1–49.

    Patton, J.L. & Smith, M.F. (1992) MtDNA phylogeny of Andean mice: a test of diversification across ecological gradients. Evolution, 46 (1), 174–183.
    https://doi.org/10.2307/2409812

    Patton, J.L., da Silva, M.N. & Malcom, J.R. (2000) Mammals of the Rio Juruá and the evolutionary and ecological diversification of Amazonia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 244, 1–306.
    https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2000)244<0001:MOTRJA>2.0.CO;2

    Patton, J.L, Catzeflis, F., Weksler, M. & Percequillo, M. (2008) Neacomys spinosus. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T14388A4437453.
    https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T14388A4437453.en

    Pennington, R.T., Lavin, M., Särkinen, T., Lewis, G.P., Klitgaard, B.B. & Hughes, C.E. (2010) Contrasting plant diversification histories within the Andean biodiversity hotspot. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107 (31), 13783–13787.
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001317107

    Posada, D. (2008) jModelTest: phylogenetic model averaging. Molecular biology and evolution, 25 (7), 1253–1256.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msn083

    R Core Team (2015) R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from: http://www.R-project.org/ (accessed 25 January 2017)

    Rengifo, E.M. & Pacheco, V. (2015) Taxonomic revision of the Andean leaf-eared mouse, Phyllotis andium Thomas 1912 (Rodentia: Cricetidae), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4018 (3), 349–380.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4018.3.2

    Rinehart, T.A., Grahn, R.A. & Wichman, H.A. (2005) SINE extinction preceded LINE extinction in sigmodontine rodents: implications for retrotranspositional dynamics and mechanisms. Cytogenetic and genome research, 110 (1–4), 416–425. https://doi.org/10.1159/000084974

    Ribas, C.C., Moyle, R.G., Miyaki, C.Y. & Cracraft, J. (2007) The assembly of montane biotas: linking Andean tectonics and climatic oscillations to independent regimes of diversification in Pionus parrots. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, 274 (1624), 2399–2408.
    https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2007.0613

    Ronquist, F. & Huelsenbeck, J.P. (2003) MrBayes 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics, 19 (12), 1572–1574.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btg180

    Särkinen, T., Pennington, R.T., Lavin, M., Simon, M.F. & Hughes, C.E. (2012) Evolutionary islands in the Andes: persistence and isolation explain high endemism in Andean dry tropical forests. Journal of Biogeography, 39 (5), 884–900.
    https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2011.02644.x

    Smith, M.F. & Patton, J.L. (1991) Variation in mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence in natural populations of South American akodontine rodents (Muridae: Sigmodontinae). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 8 (1), 85–103.

    Smith, M.F. & Patton, J.L. (1993) The diversification of South American murid rodents: evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequence data for the akodontine tribe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 50 (3), 149–177.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1993.tb00924.x

    Smith, M.F. & Patton, J.L. (1999) Phylogenetic relationship and the radiation of sigmodontine rodents in South America: evidence from cytochrome b. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 6 (2), 89–128.
    https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1020668004578

    Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22 (21), 2688–2690.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446

    Tamura, K., Peterson, D., Peterson, N., Stecher, G., Nei, M. & Kumar, S. (2011) MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28 (10), 2731–2739.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msr121

    Thomas, O. (1882) On a collection of rodents from North Peru. Proceedings of The Zoological Society of London, 1882, 98–111.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02730.x

    Thomas, O. (1884) On a collection of Muridae from central Peru. Proceedings of The Zoological Society of London, 1884, 447–458.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1884.tb02857.x

    Thomas, O. (1900) New South American Mammals. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 148–153.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930008678252

    Thomas, O. (1901) New mammals from Peru and Bolivia, with a list of those recorded from the Inambari River, Upper Madre de Dios. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 178–190.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930108678454

    Thomas, O. (1903) On the mammals collected by Mr. A. Robert at Chapada, Matto Grosso (Percy Sladen Expedition to Central Brazil). Proceedings Zoological Society of London, 1903, 232–244.

    Thompson, J.D., Higgins, D.G. & Gibson, T.J. (1994) CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Research, 22 (22), 4673–4680.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/22.22.4673

    Trouessart, E.-L. (1897) Catalogus mammalium tam viventium quam fossilium. Fasciculus III. Rodentia II (Myomorpha, Histricomorpha, Lagomorpha). Berolini: R. Friedlander & Sohn, 1, vi + 664.

    Weir, J.T. (2009) Implications of genetic differentiation in neotropical montane forest birds. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 96 (3), 410–433.
    https://doi.org/10.3417/2008011

    Weksler, M. (2006) Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): Separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 296, 1–149.
    https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2006)296[0001:PROORM]2.0.CO;2

    Weksler, M. & Bonvicino, C.R. (2015a) Genus Neacomys. In: Patton, J.L., Pardiñas, U.F.J. & D'Elía, G. (Eds.), Mammals of South America. Vol. 2. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 361–369.

    Weksler, M. & Bonvicino, C.R. (2015b) Genus Oligoryzomys. In: Patton, J.L., Pardiñas, U.F.J. & D'Elía, G. (Eds.), Mammals of South America. Vol. 2. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 417–437.

    Wiens, J.J. (2000) Phylogenetic analysis of morphological data. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, pp. 1–220.

    Winger, B.M. & Bates, J.M. (2015) The tempo of trait divergence in geographic isolation: Avian speciation across the Marañon Valley of Peru. Evolution, 69 (3), 772–787.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12607

    Voss, R.S. (1988) Systematics and ecology of ichthyomyine rodents (Muroidea): patterns of morphological evolution in a small adaptive radiation. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 188, 259–493.

    Voss, R.S. (1991) An introduction to the neotropical muroid rodent genus Zygodontomys. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 210, 1–113.

    Voss, R.S., Lunde, L.P. & Simmons, N.B. (2001) The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 2. Nonvolant species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 263, 1–236.
    https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2001)263<0003:TMOPFG>2.0.CO;2

    Young, K.R. & León, B. (1999) Peru’s humid eastern montane forests: An overview of their physical settings, biological diversity, human use and settlement, and conservation needs. DIVA, Technical Report Nº 5. Centre for Research on the Cultural and Biological Diversity of Andean Rainforests (DIVA), Ronde, 97 pp. Available from: http://diva.dmu.dk/1_viden/2_miljoe-tilstand/3_natur/diva/reports/diva05.pdf (accessed 25 January 2017)