Abstract
Gonyleptid systematics has changed considerably in recent years, thanks to the increasing number of opilionologists and use of new data sources to infer relationships. This scenario promotes revisions of yet unrevised or recently proposed supraspecific groups. In an ongoing revision of the Gonyleptidae subfamilies Pachylinae, Ampycinae and some species of Cranainae (former Cranaidae), we found that Thaumatocranaus Roewer, 1932, a hitherto monotypic cranaine genus, is currently misplaced. According to the recent characterization of gonyleptid subfamilies and its close families, it should be transferred to Ampycinae based on pedipalpal and penial characters. This genus is revised, including redescription of its type species, T. mirabilis Roewer, 1932, and description of two new species, both from Colombia, Amazonas: T. magnificus sp. nov. (from Araracuara) and T. splendidus sp. nov. (from Leticia). The relationship of this genus with other Ampycinae genera is also discussed.
References
Acosta, L.E., Pérez-González, A. & Tourinho, A.L. (2007) Chapter 15. Methods and Techniques of Study: Methods for taxonomic study. In: Machado, G., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. &. Giribet, G. (Eds.), Harvestmen, the biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 494–505.
Bragagnolo, C., Hara, M.R. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2015) A new family of Gonyleptoidea from South America (Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 173, 296–319.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12207
Bragagnolo, C. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2009) Review of the Brazilian harvestman genus Roeweria Mello-Leitão, 1923 (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Zootaxa, 2270, 39–52.
Caetano, D.S. & Machado, G. (2013) The ecological tale of Gonyleptidae (Arachnida, Opiliones) evolution: phylogeny of a Neotropical lineage of armoured harvestmen using ecological, behavioural and chemical characters. Cladistics, 29 (6), 589–609.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12009
Chamberlin, R.V. (1925) Diagnoses of new American Arachnida. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 67 (4), 211–248.
DaSilva, M.B. & Gnaspini, P. (2009) A systematic revision of Goniosomatinae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Gonyleptidae), with a cladistic analysis and biogeographical notes. Invertebrate Systematics, 23, 530–624.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS09022
Goodnight, J.C. & Goodnight, M.L. (1947). Studies on the phalangid fauna of Central America. American Museum Novitates, 1340, 1–21.
Hara, M.R. (2016) Cladistic analysis and description of three new species of the Chilean genus Nanophareus (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae: Pachylinae). Zootaxa, 4105 (2), 101–123.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4105.2.1
Hara, M.R. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2008) A new species of Brazilian troglobitic harvestman of the genus Iandumoema (Opiliones: Gonyleptidae). Zootaxa, 1744 (1), 50–58.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1744.1.5Hara, M.R. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2010) Systematic review and cladistic analysis of the genus Eusarcus Perty 1833 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). Zootaxa, 2698, 1–136.
Hara, M.R., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Kury, A.B. (2012) Revision of Nanophareus, a mysterious harvestman genus from Chile, with descriptions of three new species (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptidae). Zootaxa, 3579, 37–66.
Hara, M.R., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Villarreal M., O. (2014) Revision of the cranaid genera Phalangodus, Iquitosa and Aguaytiella (Opiliones: Laniatores: Gonyleptoidea). Zootaxa, 3814 (4), 567–580.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3814.4.8
Kury, A.B. (1994) The genus Yania Roewer, 1919, and other presumed Tricommatidae from South American highlands (Opiliones, Cranaidae, Prostygninae). Revue Arachnologique, 10 (7), 137–145.
Kury, A.B. (2003) Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, Special Volume, Monográfico no 1, 5–337.
Kury, A.B. (2012) A new genus of Cranaidae from Ecuador (Opiliones: Laniatores). Zootaxa, 3314, 31–44.
Kury, A.B. (2013) Order Opiliones Sundevall, 1833. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal Biodiversity: An Outline of Higher-level Classification and Survey of Taxonomic Richness (Addenda 2013). Zootaxa, 3703 (1), 27–33.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.7
Kury, A.B. & Alonso-Zarazaga, M.A. (2011) Addenda and corrigenda to the “Annotated catalogue of the Laniatores of the New World (Arachnida, Opiliones)”. Zootaxa, 3034, 47–68.
Kury, A.B. & Medrano, M. (2016) Review of terminology for the outline of dorsal scutum in Laniatores (Arachnida, Opiliones). Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 130–134.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.9
Kury, A.B. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2007) Chapter 4: Taxonomy: Gonyleptidae Sundevall, 1833. In: Machado, G., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. &. Giribet, G. (Eds.), Harvestmen, the biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 196–203.
Kury, A.B. & Villarreal M., O. (2015) The prickly blade mapped: establishing homologies and chaetotaxy for macrosetae of penis ventral plate in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 174, 1–46.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12225
Mello-Leitão, C.F. (1935) Algumas notas sobre Laniatores. Archivos do Museu Nacional, 36, 89–116.
Orrico, V.G.D. & Kury, A.B. (2009) A cladistic analysis of the Stygnicranainae Roewer, 1913 (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cranaidae) – where do longipalp cranaids belong? Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 157, 470–494.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00543.x
Pérez-González, A. & Kury, A.B. (2002) A new remarkable troglomorphic gonyleptid from Brazil (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 5, 43–50.
Pickard-Cambridge, F.O. (1905) Order Opiliones. In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia centrali-Americana. Vol. 2. Arachnida. Araneidea and Opiliones. R. H. Porter/Dulau & Co., London, pp. 561–610, pls. 53, 54.
Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Benedetti, A.R., Vasconcelos, E.G. & Hara, M.R. (2012) New systematic assignments in Gonyleptoidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores). Zookeys, 198, 25–68.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.198.2337
Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Bonaldo, A.B. (2011) Species relationships in the Neotropical genus Phareicranaus Roewer 1913 (Opiliones: Cranaidae): two new species and new data from Penial morphology. Zootaxa, 3135, 1–34.
Pinto-da-Rocha, R., Bragagnolo, C., Marques, F.P.L. & Antunes Junior, M. (2014) Phylogeny of harvestmen family Gonyleptidae inferred from a multilocus approach (Arachnida: Opiliones). Cladistics, 30, 519–539.
https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12065
Pinto-da-Rocha & Kury, A.B. (2007) Chapter 4: Taxonomy: Cranaidae, Roewer 1913. In: Machado, G., Pinto-da-Rocha, R. & Giribet, G. (Eds.), Harvestmen, the biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 185–188.
Roewer, C.F. (1913) Die Familie der Gonyleptiden der Opiliones-Laniatores. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 79A (5), 1–256 & 257–473.
Roewer, C.F. (1925) Opilioniden aus Süd-Amerika. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed anatomia comparata della R. Università di Torino, New Series, 34 (40), 1–34.
Roewer, C.F. (1929) Weitere Weberknechte III. Ergänzung der: “Weberknechte der Erde”, 1923. Abhandlungen heraus gegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 27 (2), 179–284.
Roewer, C.F. (1931) Weitere Weberknechte V. Ergänzung der: "Weberknechte der Erde", 1923. Abhandlungen heraus gegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein zu Bremen, 28 (2–3), 101–164.
Roewer, C.F. (1932) Weitere Weberknechte VII (7. Ergänzung der Weberknechte der Erde, 1923). Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1 (2), 275–350.
Roewer, C.F. (1936) Zwei sonderbare Pachylinen aus Peru. Veröffentlichungen aus dem Deutschen Kolonial- und Übersee-Museum in Bremen, 1 (3), 341–343.
Roewer, C.F. (1959) Neotropische Arachnida Arthrogastra zumeist aus Peru, IV. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 40 (1/2), 69–87.
Simon, E. (1879) Essai d'une classification des Opiliones Mecostethi. Remarques synonymiques et descriptions d'espèces nouvelles. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 22, 183–241.
Soares, B.A.M. & Soares, H.E.M. (1948) Monografia dos gêneros de opiliões neotrópicos I. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo, 5 (9), 553–636.
Soares, H.E.M. & Soares, B.A.M. (1977) Opera Opiliologica Varia. IX (Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). Physis, Sección C, 37 (93), 217–222.
Soares, H.E.M. & Soares, B.A.M. (1985) Opera Opiliologica Varia XXII. (Opiliones Gonyleptidae). Naturalia, 10, 157–200.
Sørensen, W. (1884) Opiliones Laniatores (Gonyleptides W. S. Olim) Musei Hauniensis. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift, 14 (3), 555–646.
Sundevall, C.J. (1833) Conspectus Arachnidum. C.F. Berling, Londini Gothorum, 39 pp.
Tourinho, A.L. & Mendes, A.C. (2014) New species of the harvestmen Hutamaia (Laniatores: Gonyleptidae: Ampycinae) and generic diagnosis. Zoologia, 31 (5), 463–474.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000500006
Villarreal M., O. & Kury, A.B. (2012) Licornus Roewer, 1932: newly transferred to Ampycinae and first record of the family Gonyleptidae (Opiliones: Laniatores) from Venezuela. Zootaxa, 3544 , 71–78.
Villarreal M., O., Kury, A.B. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2015) The poorly known genus Ventrifurca Roewer, 1913 revisited (Opiliones: Cranaidae). Zoological studies, 54, 45.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40555-015-0117-8
Yamaguti, H.Y. & Pinto-da-Rocha, R. (2009) Taxonomic review of Bourguyiinae, cladistic analysis, and a new hypothesis of biogeographic relationships of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest (Arachnida: Opiliones, Gonyleptidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156, 319–362.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00484.x