Abstract
Here, we describe two new species of land planarians of the genera Pasipha and Imbira from the Atlantic Forest of Argentina: Pasipha quirogai sp. nov. and Imbira negrita sp. nov. Their external features and internal anatomy distinguish them from their congeners. Pasipha quirogai sp. nov. is about 40mm long, characterized by brown beige dorsal pigmentation with a golden yellow median band and thin graphite black para-median stripes, cylindrical pharynx, extrabulbar prostatic vesicle with paired proximal portion, male atrium with small folds in its proximal part, and female canal opening into the dorso-caudal wall of the female atrium. Imbira negrita sp. nov. is about 110mm long, with jet black dorsal pigmentation, pharynx collar-type, short female canal opening in the postero-dorsal portion of the female atrium, and epithelial lining of female atrium with stratified appearance. We also provide exhaustive descriptions of Geoplana quagga, Obama ladislavii, and Paraba multicolor, all recorded for the first time in Argentina, by analysing anatomical features of taxonomic relevance. In addition, we improve the description of G. quagga, mainly regarding the musculature, secretory cells, and the copulatory apparatus.
References
Álvarez-Presas, M., Carbayo, F., Rozas, J. & Riutort, M. (2011) Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24, 887–896.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02220.x
Álvarez-Presas, M., Amaral, S.V., Carbayo, F., Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Riutort, M. (2015) Focus on the details: morphological evidence supports new cryptic land flatworm (Platyhelminthes) species revealed with molecules. Organisms Diversity & Evolution, 15, 379–403.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-014-0197-z
Amaral, S.V. & Leal-Zanchet, A.M. (2016) Two new species of Pasipha Ogren & Kawakatsu (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) from areas of deciduous forest in southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4171, 459–474.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4171.3.3
Arndt, W. (1934) Die Landplanarienfunde in Deutschland. Mit einer Übersicht über die zurzeit aus Europa bekannten Terricolen. Zoogeographica, 2, 375–392.
Baptista, V. & Leal-Zanchet, A.M. (2010) Land flatworm community structure in a subtropical deciduous forest in Southern Brazil. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 140, 83–90.
Carbayo, F., Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Vieira, E.M. (2002) Terrestrial flatworm (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Terricola) diversity versus man-induced disturbance in an ombrophilous forest in southern Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 11, 1091–1104.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015865005604
Carbayo, F., Álvarez-Presas, M., Olivares, M.T., Marques, F.P.L., Froehlich, E.M. & Riutort, M. (2013) Molecular phylogeny of Geoplaninae (Platyhelminthes) challenges current classification: proposal of taxonomic actions. Zoologica Scripta, 42, 508–528.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12019
Carbayo, F., Álvarez-Presas, M., Jones, H.D. & Riutort, M. (2016) The true identity of Obama (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) flatworm spreading across Europe. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 177, 5–28.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12358
Fick, I.A., Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Vieira, E.M. (2006) Community structure of Land Flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Terricola): comparisons between Araucaria forest and Atlantic forest in Southern Brazil. Invertebrate Biology, 125, 306–313.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2006.00062.x
Froehlich, C.G. (1955a) On the biology of land planarians. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade São Paulo, Série Zoologia, 20, 263–271.
Froehlich CG. 1955b. Sôbre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade São Paulo, Série Zoologia, 19, 195–279.
Froehlich, C.G. (1956a) Tricladida Terricola das regiões de Teresópolis e Ubatuba. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 12, 313–343.
Froehlich, C.G. (1956b) Planárias terrestres do Paraná. Dusenia, 7, 173–191.
Froehlich, C.G. (1958) On a collection of Brazilian Land Planarians. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade São Paulo, Série Zoologia, 21, 93–121.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1957.120237
Froehlich, C.G. (1959) On Geoplanids from Brazil. Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade São Paulo, Série Zoologia, 22, 201–265.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-3382.bffclzoologia.1959.120326
Giraudo, A.R., Povedano, H., Belgrano, M.J., Krauczuk, E., Pardiñas, U., Miquelarena, A., Ligier, D., Baldo, D. & Castelino, M. (2003) Biodiversity Status of the Interior Atlantic Forest of Argentina. In: Galindo-Leal, C. & Câmara, G. (Eds.), The Atlantic Forest of South America: biodiversity status, threats, and outlook. Island Press, Washington DC, pp. 160–180.
Graff, L.V. (1899) Monographie der Turbellarien: II. Tricladida Terricola (Landplanarien). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 574 pp.
Lago-Barcia, D., Fernández-Álvarez, F.A., Negrete, L., Brusa, F., Damborenea, C., Grande, C. & Noreña, C. (2015) Morphology and DNA barcodes reveal the presence of the non-native land planarian Obama marmorata (Platyhelminthes: Geoplanidae) in Europe. Invertebrate Systematics, 29, 12–22.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS14033
Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Carbayo, F. (2000) Fauna de planárias terrestres Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brasil: uma análise preliminar. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia, 22, 19–25.
Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Carbayo, F. (2001) Two new species of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Terricola) of South Brazil. Journal of Zoology, 253, 433–446.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836901000401
Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Matos, L.B. (2011) Geoplana multicolor Graff (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida): new records and taxonomic re-interpretation of morphological characters. Zootaxa, 2804, 41–55.
Leal-Zanchet, A.M., Rossi, I., Seitenfus, A.L.R. & Alvarenga, J. (2012) Two new species of land flatworms and comments on the genus Pasipha Ogren & Kawakatsu, 1990 (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola). Zootaxa, 3583, 1–21.
Marcus, E. (1951) Turbellaria brasileiros (9). Boletins da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras da Universidade São Paulo, Série Zoologia, 16, 5–215.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-4877.bsffclzoologia.1951.125221
Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, D.A.B. & Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853–858.
https://doi.org/10.1038/35002501
Negrete, L. (2013) Diversidad de planarias terrestres (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplanidae) en el Bosque Paranaense Argentino. Doctoral Thesis. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, 309 pp.
Negrete, L. & Brusa, F. (2012) Choeradoplana crassiphalla sp. nov. (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Geoplanidae): a new species of land planarian from the Atlantic Forest of Argentina. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 47, 227–237.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650521.2012.735071
Negrete, L. & Brusa, F. (2016a) Land flatworms of the genus Pasipha (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 4137, 187–210.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4137.2.2
Negrete, L. & Brusa, F. (2016b) First report of the genus Cratera (Platyhelminthes, Geoplanidae) in Argentina, with description of a new species and comments on the species of the genus. Zookeys, 610, 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.610.9465
Negrete, L., Colpo, K.D. & Brusa, F. (2014a) Land planarian assemblages in protected areas of the Interior Atlantic Forest: Implications for conservation. PLoS ONE, 9, e90513.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0090513
Negrete, L., Leal-Zanchet, A.M. & Brusa, F. (2014b) A new species of Supramontana Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola, Geoplanidae) from the Interior Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 3753, 177–186.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.7
Ogren, R.E. & Kawakatsu, M. (1990) Index to the species of the family Geoplanidae (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Terricola) Part I: Geoplaninae. The Bulletin of Fuji Women's College, 28, 79–166.
Planárias Terrestres Neotropicais, uma base de dados sobre os tricládidos, FAPESP, São Paulo. Available from: http://planarias.each.usp.br/(acceded 25 March 2017)
Ribeiro, M.C., Martensen, A.C., Metzger, J.P., Tabarelli, M., Scarano, F. & Fortin, M-J. (2011) The Brazilian Atlantic Forest: A shrinking biodiversity hotspot. In: Zachos, F.E. & Habel, J.C. (Eds.), Biodiversity hotspots. Distribution and protection of conservation priority areas. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 405–434.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20992-5_21
Riester, A. (1938) Beiträge zur Geoplaniden-Fauna Brasiliens. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 441, 1–88.
Skinner, J.D. & Chimimba, C.T. (2005) The mammals of the Southern African Subregion. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 872 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107340992
Suvarna, S.K., Layton, C. & Bancroft, J.D. (2013) Bancroft’s theory and practice of histological techniques. Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier, London, 637 pp.