Abstract
Article 13.1.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature states that names published after 1930 must have a description that defines and differentiates the taxon with characters. Three species of Heliothinae described by Hardwick (1996) are not in conformance with this Article; thus, they are nomina nuda. The following species are validated by descriptions and illustrations of the adult and genitalia: Schinia angulilinea new species (= S. arizonensis Hardwick), S. maculata new species (= S. blanca Hardwick), and S. erythrias new species (= S. pulchra Hardwick). The adult of Heliolonche joaquinensis Hardwick is described, along with illustrations of the adult and genitalia.References
Adams, J.K. (1998). Book review. A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 52, 222–225.
Adams, J.K. (1999) Suppression of four heliothine noctuid ‘species’ “names” (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Holoarctic Lepidoptera, 6, 22.
Anonymous (2006a) Butterflies and Moths of North America. Big Sky Institute at Montana State University and the NBII Mountain Prairie Information Node. Available from www.butterfliesandmoths.org (accessed 5 July 2006)
Anonymous (2006b) North American Moth Photographers Group at the Mississippi Entomological Museum at Mississippi State University. Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi. Available from: mothphotographersgroup.msstate.edu/Files/59/West59b.shtml (accessed 5 July 2006)
Hardwick, D.F. (1996) A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). David F. Hardwick, Ottawa, Ontario, 281 pp.
Hebert, P. (2006) All Leps Barcode of Life. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario. Guelph, Ontario, Canada. Available at www.lepbarcoding.org/cl_nth_am.php (accessed 5 July 2006)
Heppner, J.B. (1996) Book review. A monograph to the North American Heliothentinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Holarctic Lepidoptera, 3, 42.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Fourth Edition). Editorial Committee: Ride, W.D.L., H.G. Cogger, C. Dupuis, O. Kraus, A. Minelli, F.C. & Thompson, P.K. Tubbs. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
Knudson, E., Bordelon, C. & Pogue, M.G. (2003) A new species of Schinia Hübner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae) from Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana. Zootaxa, 382, 1–7.
Köhler, P. (1953) Neuvas especies de Heterocera (Lep.). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 16, 15–24.
Pogue, M.G. & Harp, C.E. (2003a). Revised status of Schinia unimacula Smith including morphological comparisons with Schinia obliqua Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). ZOOTAXA, 226, 1–8.
Pogue, M.G. & Harp, C.E. (2003b). Systematics of Schinia cupes (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia crotchii (Hy. Edwards) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Zootaxa, 294, 1–16.
Pogue, M.G. & Harp, C.E. (2003c) A review of the Schinia regia (Strecker) species complex with a description of a new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 57, 197–203.
Pogue, M.G. & Harp, C.E. (2004) A review of the Schinia tertia (Grote) species complex (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Zootaxa, 473, 1–32.
Pogue, M.G. & Harp, C.E. (2005) Systematics of Schinia chrysellus (Grote) complex: Revised status of Schinia alencis (Harvey) with a description of two new species (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae: Heliothinae). Zootaxa, 898, 1–35.