Abstract
Eurypon Gray, 1867 comprises 49 valid species distributed worldwide, and in an extensive bathymetric range. Three Eurypon species are known for Brazil, all endemic from the Northeast region. Here, we describe three new species of Eurypon. Two of which are recorded from shallow waters (down to 100 m) off Pernambuco and Paraíba States, and one species is from deep waters (157 m) off Rio Grande do Norte State. Eurypon oxychaetum sp. nov. has large subtylostyles (1025–2125 µm, length), styles, two categories of acanthostyles and oxychaetes; Eurypon potiguaris sp. nov. has large tylostyles (1000–2315 µm, length), two categories of acanthostyles, and thin oxeas; Eurypon verticillatum sp. nov. is a blue sponge with exclusive verticillate acanthostyles. The new species were compared with all other Atlantic species of the genus. A replacement name for the secondary homonym Eurypon topsenti is proposed: Eurypon pulitzeri nom. nov. The presence of verticillate acanthostyles and oxychaetes spicules are reported for the first time in Table 1 genus.
References
Aguilar-Camacho, J.M. & Carballo, J.L. (2013) Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Axinellida) from the Mexican Pacific Ocean with the description of seven new species. Journal of Natural History, 47, 25–28, 1663–1706.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2013.769642
Boury-Esnault, N. & Lopes, M.T. (1985) Les Démosponges littorales de l’Archipel des Açores. Annales de l’Institut océanographique, 61 (2), 149–225.
Boury-Esnault, N., Pansini, M. & Uriz, M.J. (1994) Spongiaires bathyaux de la mer d’Alboran et du golfe ibéro-marocain. Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 160, 1–174. Available from: http://bibliotheques.mnhn.fr/EXPLOITATION/infodoc/ged/viewportalpublished.ashx?eid=IFD_FICJOINT_MNHN_MMNHN_S000_1994_T160_N00_1 (accessed 24 January 2018)
Bowerbank, J.S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. Ray Society, London, xx + 388 pp.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1874) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae.Vol. 3. Ray Society, London, xvii + 367 pp., XCII pls.
Burton, M. (1954) Sponges. In: The 'Rosaura' Expedition. Part 5. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 2, pp. 6.
Carter, H.J. (1876). Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H.M.S.‘Porcupine’, chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 18 (105–108), 226–240; 307–324; 388–410; 458–479, pls. XII–XVI.
Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernadez, J. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: Guia de campo e laboratório. Série Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 276 pp.
Hooper, J.N.A. (1991) Revision of the family Raspailiidae (Porifera: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Invertebrate Systematics, 5 (6), 1179–1481.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9911179
Hooper, J.N.A. (2002) Family Raspailiidae Hentschel, 1923. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 469–510.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_53ICZN, (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomeclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomeclature, London, XX + 365 pp.
Lévi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 41 (4), 952–973.
Little, F.J. Jr. (1963) The sponge fauna of the St. George’s Sound, Apalache Bay, and Panama City Regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11, 2, 31–71.
Morrow, C.C., Picton, B.E., Erpenbeck, D., Boury-Esnault, N., Maggs, C.A. & Allcock, A.L. (2012) Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: a new hypothesis for relationships within the G4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 174–190.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.016Morrow C. & Cárdenas P. (2015) Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). Frontiers in Zoology, 12, 7.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12983-015-0099-8Picton, B.E. (1990) The sessile fauna of sublittoral cliffs. In: Myers, A.A., Little, C. Costello, M.J. & Partridge, J.C. (Eds.), The ecology of Lough Hyne. Proceedings of a Conference, Cork, Ireland, 1990, pp. 139–142. [Royal Irish Academy, Dublin]
Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1978) Report on a Collection of Sponges from the Bay of Naples. III Hadromerida, Axinellida, Poecilosclerida, Halichondrida, Haplosclerida. Bollettino dei Musei e degli Istituti Biologici della (R.) Università di Genova, 45, 7–89.
Pulitzer-Finali, G. (1983) A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea. Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria, 84, 445–621.
Santos, G.G., França, F. & Pinheiro, U. (2014) Three new species of Eurypon Gray, 1867 from Northeastern Brazil (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera). Zootaxa, 3895 (2), 273–284.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3895.2.8Sarà, M. & Siribelli, L. (1960) La fauna di Poriferi delle ‘secche’ del Golfo di Napoli. 1. La ‘secca’ della Gaiola. Annuario dell’Istituto e Museo de Zoologia dell’Università di Napoli, 12, 3, 1–93.
Topsent, E. (1889) Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campêche et de la Pointe-à-Pître. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France, 2, 30–52.
Topsent, E. (1894) Application de la taxonomie actuelle à une collection de spongiaires du Banc de Campêche et de la Guadeloupe décrite précédemment. Mémoires de la Société zoologique de France, 7, 27–36.
Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Açores. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 25, 1–280, pls. 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61852Topsent, E. (1927) Diagnoses d'Éponges nouvelles recueillies par le Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Bulletin de l'Institut océanographique Monaco, 502, 1–19.
Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l’Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1–376, pls. I–XI.
Topsent, E. (1936) Eponges observées dans les parages de Monaco. (Deuxième partie). Bulletin de l’Institut océanographique, Monaco, 686, 1–70.
Uriz, M.J. (1988) Deep-water sponges from the continental shelf and slope off Namibia (Southwest Africa): Classses Hexactinellida and Demospongia. Monografías de Zoología Marina, 3, 9–157.
Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002a) Family Hymedesmiidae Topsent, 1928. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 575–593.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_62Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002b) Family Agelasidae Verrill, 1907. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 819–823.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_86Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002c) Family Coelosphaeridae Dendy, 1922. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & van Soest R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 528–546.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_57Van Soest, R.W.M, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez de Glasby, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M., Picton, B., Kelly, M., Vacelet, J., Dohrmann, M., Díaz, M.-C., Cárdenas, P. & Carballo, J.L. (2017) World Porifera database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera (accessed 20 February 2017)