Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4399 No. 3: 22 Mar. 2018
Type: Article
Published: 2018-03-21
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4399.3.11
Page range: 423–433
Abstract views: 61
PDF downloaded: 2

Primary hypotheses of global areas of endemism based on the distribution of Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera)

Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do ABC, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Rua Santa Adélia, 166, Bairro Bangu, 09210-170, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
Diptera areas of endemism biogeographical regions endemicity analysis flies NDM/VNDM regionalization Tabanidae

Abstract

Areas of endemism, or worthy for conservation, are mainly determined based on large data sets of vertebrates and plants. Herein, we investigated the global distribution at the species-level of the infraorder Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera), identifying areas of endemism for the group. We performed an endemicity analysis through a grid-based method—NDM/VNDM—using 1,385 species (6,392 geographical records) of Tabanomorpha. The grid size of the analysis was 7º and we applied the loose consensus rule (31%) in the recovered areas. Our results revealed 479 total areas of endemism and 18 consensus areas: the whole Neotropical region, six areas in the Nearctic region, two in the Palearctic region, and three areas in each the Oriental, Australian, and African regions. There are parallels among our results and previously proposed bioregionalisation schemes established by other taxa, showing a way forward for using insects to determine global patterns of endemism.

 

References

  1. Aagesen, L., Szumik, C.A., Zuloaga, F.O. & Morrone, O. (2009) Quantitative biogeography in the South America highlands—recognizing the Altoandina, Puna and Prepuna through the study of Poaceae. Cladistics, 25, 295–310.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2009.00248.x

    Aagesen, L., Szumik, C.A. & Goloboff, P. (2013) Consensus in the search for areas of endemism. Journal of Biogeography, 40, 2011–2016.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.12172

    Crisci, J.V., Katinas, L. & Posadas, P. (2003) Historical biogeography: an introduction. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 250 pp.

    Escalante, T., Morrone, J.J. & Rodríguez-Tapia, G. (2013) Biogeographic regions of North American mammals based on endemism. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 110, 485–499.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12142

    Escalante, T. (2017) A natural regionalization of the world based on primary biogeographic homology of terrestrial mammals. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 120, 349–362.

    Graf, D.L. & Cummings, K.S. (2007) Review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species (Bivalvia: Unionoida). Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73, 291–314.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eym029

    Harold, A.S. & Mooi, M.D. (1994) Areas of endemism: definition and recognition criteria. Systematic Biology, 43, 261–266.
    https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/43.2.261

    Hausdorf, B. (2002) Units in biogeography. Systematic Biology, 51, 648–652.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150290102320

    Holt, B.G., Lessard, J.P., Borregaard, M.K., Fritz, S.A., Araujo, M.B., Dimitrov, D., Fabre, P.H., Graham, C.H., Graves, G.R., Jønsson, K.A., Nogues-Bravo, D., Wang, Z., Whittaker, R.J., Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C. (2013) An update of Wallace’s zoogeographic regions of the world. Science, 339, 74–78.
    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1228282

    Kerr, P. (2010) Phylogeny and classification of Rhagionidae, with implications for Tabanomorpha (Diptera: Brachycera). Zootaxa, 2592, 1–133.

    Kier, G., Kreft, H., Leeb, T., Jetz, W., Ibisch, P.L., Nowicki, C., Mutke, J. & Barthlott, W. (2009) A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106, 9322–9327.
    https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810306106

    Kreft, H. & Jetz, W. (2010) A framework for delineating biogeographic regions based on species distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 37, 2029–2053.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2010.02375.x

    Kreft, H. & Jetz, W. (2013) Comment on “An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the world”. Science, 341 (6144), 343.
    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1237471

    Klassa, B. & Santos, C.M.D. (2015) Areas of endemism in the Neotropical region based on the geographic distribution of Tabanomorpha (Diptera: Brachycera). Zootaxa, 4058 (4), 519–534.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.4.4

    Ladiges, P., Parra, O.C., Gibbs, A., Udovicic, F., Nelson, G. & Bayly, M. (2011) Historical biogeographic patterns in continental Australia: congruence among areas of endemism of two major clades of eucalypts. Cladistics, 27, 29–41.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-0031.2010.00315.x

    Linder, H.P., de Klerk, H.M., Born, J., Burgess, N.D., Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C. (2012) The partitioning of Africa: statistically defined biogeographic regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 39, 1189–1205.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2012.02728.x

    McGlone, M.S., Duncan, R.P. & Heenan, P.B. (2001) Endemism, species selection and the origin and distribution of the vascular plant flora of New Zealand. Journal of Biogeography, 28, 199–216.
    https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2001.00525.x

    Moor, F.C. & Ivanov, V.D. (2008) Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment. Hydrobiologia, 595, 393–407.

    Morita, S.I., Bayless, K.M., Yeates, D.K. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2016) Molecular phylogeny of the horse flies: a framework for renewing tabanid taxonomy. Systematic Entomology, 41, 56–72.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12145

    Morrone, J.J. (2014) Biogeographic regionalisation of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa, 3782 (1), 1–110.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3782.1.1

    Morrone, J.J. (2015a) Biogeographic regionalisation of the Andean region. Zootaxa, 3936 (2), 207–236.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3936.2.3

    Morrone, J.J. (2015b) Biogeographic regionalisation of the world: a reappraisal. Australian Systematic Botany, 28, 81–90.
    https://doi.org/10.1071/SB14042

    Morrone, J.J. (2015c) Halffter's Mexican transition zone (1962-2014), cenocrons and evolutionary biogeography. Journal of Zoology, Systematic and Evolution Research, 53, 249–257.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/jzs.12098

    Navarro, F.R., Cuezo, F., Goloboff, P.A., Szumik, C., Lizarral de Grosso, M. & Quintana, M.G. (2009) Can insect data be used to infer areas of endemism? An example from the Yungas of Argentina. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 82, 507–522.
    https://doi.org/10.4067/S0716-078X2009000400006

    Pape, T. & Thompson, F.C. (Eds.) (2015) Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.5. Available from: http://www.diptera.org (accessed 15 June 2015)

    Procheş, S. (2005) The world’s biogeographic regions: cluster analyses based on bat distributions. Journal of Biogeography, 32, 607–614.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2004.01186.x

    Procheş, S. & Ramdhani, S. (2012) The world’s zoogeographic regions confirmed by cross-taxon analyses. BioScience, 62, 260–270.
    https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.3.7

    Ribeiro, G.C., Santos, C.M.D., Olivieri, L.T., Santos, D., Berbert, J.M. & Eterovic, A. (2014) The world’s biogeographic regions revisited: global patterns of endemism in Tipulidae. Zootaxa, 3847 (2), 241–258.
    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3847.2.4

    Riddle, B.R., Ladle, R.J., Lourie, S. & Whittaker, R.J. (2011) Basic Biogeography: Estimating biodiversity and mapping nature. In: Ladle, R.J. & Whittaker, R.J. (Eds.), Conservation Biogeography. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, pp. 45–92.
    https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444390001.ch4

    Santos, C.M.D. (2008) Geographic Distribution of Tabanomorpha (Diptera, Brachycera): Athericidae, Austroleptidae, Oreoleptidae, Rhagionidae, and Vermileonidae. EntomoBrasilis, 1, 43–50.
    https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v1i3.25

    Santos, C.M.D. & Capellari, R. (2009) On reciprocal illumination and consilience in biogeography. Evolutionary Biology, 36, 407–415.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s11692-009-9070-y

    Santos, C.M.D., Amorim, D.S., Klassa, B., Fachin, D.A., Nihei, S.S., Carvalho, C.J.B., Falaschi, R.L., Mello-Patiu, C.A., Couri, M.S., Oliveira, S.S., Silva, V.C., Ribeiro, G.C., Capellari, R.S. & Lamas, C.J.E. (2016) On typeless species and the perils of fast taxonomy. Systematic Entomology, 41 (3), 511–515.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/syen.12180

    Scheffers, M., Carpenter, S.R., Lenton, T.M., Bascompte, J., Brock, J., Dakos, V., Koppel, J., van de Leemput, I.A., Levin, S.A., van Nes, E.H., Pascual, M. & Vandermeer, J. (2012) Anticipating Critical Transitions. Science, 338, 344–348.
    https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1225244

    Szumik, C.A. & Goloboff, P.A. (2004) Areas of endemism: an improved optimality criterion. Systematic Biology, 53, 968–977.
    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150490888859

    Szumik, C.A. & Goloboff, P.A. (2007) NDM/VNDM: Computer programs to identify areas of endemism. Biogeografia, 2, 32–37.

    USGS (2015) Earth Explorer tool. U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Available from: http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/ (accessed 14 July 14 2015)

    Vinson, M. R. & Hawkins, C. P. (2003) Broad-scale geographic patterns in local stream insect genera richness. Ecography, 26, 751–767.
    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0906-7590.2003.03397.x

    Wallace, A.R. (1876) The geographic distribution of animals. Vol. I. Harper and Brothers, New York, 504 pp.

    Weirauch, C., Seltmann, K.C., Schuh, R.T., Schwartz, M.D., Johnson, C., Feist, M.A. & Soltis, P.S. (2016) Areas of endemism in the Nearctic: a case study of 1339 species of Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera) and their plant hosts. Cladistics, 33 (3), 279–294.

    Woodruff, D.S. (2010) Biogeography and conservation in Southeast Asia: how 2.7 million years of repeated environmental fluctuations affect today’s patterns and the future of the remaining-phase biodiversity. Biodiversity Conservation, 19, 919–941.
    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-010-9783-3