Abstract
Lasiurus ebenus was known only from the holotype, which was collected in 1991, in an Atlantic Forest remnant of Ilha do Cardoso State Park, southeastern Brazil. The species was described based on qualitative and quantitative morphological features. Since its original description, based on a single individual, the taxonomic status of Lasiurus ebenus has been questioned. Here we report a second record for the species that comes from Carlos Botelho State Park, São Paulo, ca. 100 km north from the type locality. This new record allowed us to confirm the validity of the species, by presenting additional data that fits in the distinction from sympatric congeners proposed on the original description of L. ebenus.
References
Arnone, I.S. (2008) Estudo da comunidade de morcegos na área cárstica do Alto Ribeira – São Paulo. Uma comparação com 1980. Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade de São Paulo, 121 pp.
https://doi.org/10.11606/D.41.2008.tde-10072008-183234Baird, A.B., Braun, J.K., Engstrom, M.D., Holbert, A.C., Huerta, M.G., Lim, B.K., Mares M.A., Patton, J.C. & Bickham, J.W. (2017) Nuclear and mtDNA phylogenetic analyses clarify the evolutionary history of two species of native Hawaiian bats and the taxonomy of Lasiurini (Mammalia: Chiroptera). PLoS ONE, 12, 1–27.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186085Baird, A.B., Braun, J.K., Mares, M.A., Morales, J.C., Patton, J.C., Tran, C.Q. & Brickham, J.W. (2015) Molecular systematic revision of tree bats (Lasiurini): doubling the native mammals of the Hawaiian Islands. Journal of Mammalogy, 96, 1255–1274.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyv135Baker, R.J., Patton, J.C., Genoways, H.H. & Bickham, J.W. (1988) Genic studies of Lasiurus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Occasional Papers Museum of Texas Tech University, 117, 1–15.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.142895Barquez, R.M., Mares, M.A. & Braun, J.K. (1999) The Bats of Argentina. Special Publications, Museum of Texas Tech University, 42, 1–275.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.142628Bianconi, G.V. & Pedro, W.A. (2007) Família Vespertilionidae. In: Reis, N.R., Peracchi, A.L., Pedro, W.A. & Lima, I.P. (Eds.), Morcegos do Brasil. Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, pp.167–195.
de Vivo, M. & Gregorin, R. (2001) Mamíferos In: Leonel, C. (Ed.), Intervales. Fundação para a Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, pp. 116–123.
Fazzolari-Corrêa, S. (1994) Lasiurus ebenus, a new vespertilionid bat from southeastern Brazil. Mammalia, 58, 119–123.
https://doi.org/10.1515/mamm.1994.58.1.119Fazzolari-Corrêa, S. (1995) Aspectos sistemáticos, ecológicos e reprodutivos de morcegos na Mata Atlântica. Tese (Doutorado em Zoologia) - Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 158 pp.
https://doi.org/10.11606/T.41.1995.tde-12072012-102724Garbino, G.S.T. (2016) Research on bats (Chiroptera) from the state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil: annotated species list and bibliographic review. Arquivos de Zoologia, São Paulo, 47, 43–128.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v47i3p43-128Gardner, A.L. & Handley, C.O., Jr. (2008) Genus Lasiurus. In: Gardner, A.L. (Ed.), Mammals of South America. Vol. 1. Marsupials, xenarthrans, shrews, and bats. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 188–189.
González, J.C. (1989) Guia para la identificación de los murciélagos del Uruguay. Museo Damaso Antonio Larrañaga, Série Divulgación, Montevideo, 2, 1–50.
Graciolli, G. (2003) Two new species of Basilia Miranda-Ribeiro, 1903 (Diptera: Nycteribiidae), members of the ferruginea group, from Southern Brazil. Zootaxa, 261 (1), 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.261.1.1Graciolli, G., Autino, A.G. & Claps, G.L. (2007) Catalogue of American Nycteribiidae (Diptera, Hippoboscoidea). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 51, 142–59.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0085-56262007000200004.
Gregorin, R. (2008) Lasiurus ebenus. In: Machado, A.B.M., Drummond, G.M. & Paglia, A.P. (Eds.), Livro vermelho da fauna brasileira ameaçada de extinção. Fundação Biodiversitas, Belo Horizonte, pp. 719–720.
Handley, C.O. Jr. (1960) Descriptions of new bats from Panama. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 112, 459–479.
Handley, C.O. Jr. (1996) New species of mammals from northern South America: bats of the genera Histiotus Gervais and Lasiurus Gray (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 109, 1–9.
Honaker, J., King, G. & Blackwell, M. (2011) Amelia II: a program for missing data. Journal of Statistical Software, 45, 1–47.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.112-3442.459Hoofer, S.R. & Van Den Bussche, R.A. (2003) Molecular phylogenetics of the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae. Acta Chiropterologica, 5, 1–63.
https://doi.org/10.3161/001.005.s101Kaku-Oliveira, N.Y. (2010) Estrutura de comunidade, reprodução e dinâmica populacional de morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) na Reserva Natural do Salto Morato, Guaraqueçaba, Paraná. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Apucarana, 109 pp.
http://hdl.handle.net/1884/23961
Kurta, A. & Lehr, G.C. (1995) Lasiurus ega. Mammalian Species, 515, 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3504278Moratelli, R. (2014) Wildlife biologists are on the right track: A mammalogist's view of specimen collection. Zoologia, Curitiba, 31, 413–417.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702014000500001Moratelli, R. (2016) Lasiurus ebenus Fazzolari-Corrêa, 1994. In: Escarlate-Tavares, F., Valença-Montenegro, M.M. & Jerusalinsky, L. (Eds.), Plano de ação nacional para conservação dos mamíferos da Mata Atlântica Central. Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Brasília, pp. 116–119.
Nogueira, M.R., Lima, I.P., Moratelli, R., Tavares, V.C., Gregorin, R. & Peracchi, A.L. (2014) Checklist of Brazilian bats, with comments on original records. Check List, 10, 808–821.
https://doi.org/10.15560/10.4.808.Novaes, R.L.M., Garbino, G.S.T., Cláudio, V.C. & Moratelli, R. (2018) Separation of monophyletic groups into distinct genera should consider phenotypic discontinuities: the case of Lasiurini (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Zootaxa, 4379 (3), 439–440.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4379.3.8Passos, F.C., Silva, W.R., Pedro, W.A. & Bonin, M.R. (2003) Frugivoria em morcegos (Mammalia, Chiroptera) no Parque Estadual Intervales, Sudeste do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20 (3), 511–517.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752003000300024Portfors, C.V., Fenton, M.B., Aguiar, L.M.S., Baumgarten, J., Vonhof, M.J., Bouchard, S., Faria, D., Pedro, W.A., Rauntenbach, N.I.L. & Zortéa, M. (2000) Bats from Fazenda Intervales, Southeastern Brazil: species account and comparison between different sampling methods. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 17 (2), 533–538.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752000000200022R Development Core Team. (2012) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Available from: http://www.R-project.org/ (accessed 10 July 2017)
Reid, F.A. (2009) A field guide to the mammals of Central America & Southeast Mexico. 2nd Edition. Oxford University Press, New York, 346 pp.
Roehrs, Z.P., Lack, J.B. & Van Den Bussche, R.A. (2010) Tribal phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data. Journal of Mammalogy, 91, 1073–1092.
https://doi.org/10.1644/09-MAMM-A-325.1Russo, D., Ancillotto, L., Hughes, A.C., Galimberti, A. & Mori, E. (2017) Collection of voucher specimens for bat research: conservation, ethical implications, reduction, and alternatives. Mammal Review, 47, 237–246.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.12095Sampaio, E., Lim, B. & Peters, S. (2016) Lasiurus ebenus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Available from: https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.20162.RLTS.T11349A22119537.en (accessed 16 March 2017)
São Paulo State (2008) Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. Secretaria do Meio Ambiente/Instituto Florestal, São Paulo, 501 pp.
Simmons, N.B. (2005) Order Chiroptera. In: Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (Eds.), Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic and geographic reference. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp. 312–529.
Simmons, N.B. & Voss, R.S. (1998) The Mammals of Paracou, French Guiana: a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna, part 1, bats. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 237, 1–219.
Taddei, V.A. & Pedro, W.A. (1996) Morcegos (Chiroptera: Mammalia) do Vale do Ribeira, Estado de São Paulo: diversidade de espécies. In: Santos, J.E. (Ed.), Anais do VIII Seminário Regional de Ecologia, 1996, pp. 911–919.
Velazco, P.M., Gardner, A.L. & Patterson, B.D. (2010) Systematics of the Platyrrhinus helleri species complex (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), with descriptions of two new species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 159, 785–812.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00610.x
Vieira, C.O.C. (1942) Ensaio monográfico sobre os quirópteros do Brasil. Arquivos de Zoologia do Estado de São Paulo, 3, 219–471.
Villalobos-Chaves, D. & Dick, C.W. (2014) Rediscovery of the rare Tacarcunan bat Lasiurus castaneus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Costa Rica. Ecotropica, 20, 83–86.
Ziegler, A.C., Howarth, F.G. & Simmons, N.B. (2016) A second endemic land mammal for the Hawaiian Island: a new genus and species of fossil bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). American Museum Novitates, 3854, 1–52.
https://doi.org/10.1206/3854.1