Abstract
Nematodes, tardigrades and bdelloid rotifers were identified from moss samples collected from sites near three remote towns in northern, coastal Labrador, Canada. Twenty-three nematode genera, 18 tardigrade species and six rotifer species were identified. All findings were new records for Labrador and many were new records for Canada including three nematode genera (Zeldia Thorne, Daptonema Cobb and Steineria Mikoletzky) and two species of rotifer (Macrotrachela punctata Murray and Macrotrachela aculata Murray). Canadian bryofaunal studies are reviewed and distributional patterns for Canadian taxa are discussed.References
Ahlstrom, E.H. (1940) A revision of the rotatorian genera Brachionus and Platyias with descriptions of one new species and two new varieties. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 77, 143–184.
Ahlstrom, E.H. (1943) A revision of the rotatorian genus Keratella with descriptions of three new species and five new varieties. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 80, 411–457.
Allen, W.R., Stobbs, L.W., van Schagen, J.G. & Ebsary, B.A. (1988) Association of Xiphinema species
with soil type and grapevines infected with Tomato Ringspot Virus in Ontario, Canada. Plant Disease, 72, 861–863.Argue, C.W. (1971) Some terrestrial tardigrades from New Brunswick, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49, 401–415.
Argue, C.W. (1972) Tardigrades from New Brunswick, Canada. 2. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 50, 87–94.
Argue, C.W. (1974) Tardigrades from New Brunswick, Canada. 3. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 52, 919–922.
Bartoš, E. (1951) The Czechoslovak Rotatoria of the order Bdelloidea. Vestnik Czechoslovakia Zoologii, 15, 241–500.
Bateman, L.E. (1975) An ecological study of hummock–hollow formations on certain peatlands of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland with special emphasis on the Rotifera. M.Sc. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 131 pp.
Bateman, L.E. (1987) A bdelloid rotifer living as an inquiline in leaves of the pitcher plant, Sarracena purpurea. Hydrobiologia, 147, 129–133.
Bateman, L.E. & Collins, M. (2001) A preliminary account of the tardigrades of Newfoundland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 223–232.
Bélair, G. (1989) A note on the development of Meloidogyne hapla on lettuce in organic soil in Quebec. Phytoprotection, 70, 133–135.
Bélair, G., Dauphinais, N. & Fournier, Y. (2002) Reproduction of Pratylenchus penetrans on various rotation crops in Quebec. Phytoprotection, 83, 111–114.
Bélair, G., Dauphinais, N., Fournier, Y. & Mauléon, H. (2001) Survey of plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in vineyards of Quebec. Phytoprotection, 82, 49–55.
Boeckner, M.J. (2003) The Ecology of Bryofauna in Northern, Coastal Labrador, Canada: A Study of the Effects of Elevation, Moss Depth, Seasonality and Latitude on Moss Fauna Distribution Patterns. M.Sc. Thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. Johns, Canada. 187 pp.
Cockell, C., Lee, P., Schuerger, A.C., Hidalgo, L., Jones, J.A. & Stokes, M.D. (2001) Microbiology and vegetation of micro-oases and polar desert, Haughton Impact Crater, Devon Island, Nunavut, Canada. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, 33, 306–318.
Collins, M. & Bateman, L.E. (2001) The ecological distribution of tardigrades in Newfoundland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 240, 291–297.
Cuthbert, F.M. (1990) Selected aspects of the ecology of nematodes in Butterpot Provincial Park, Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. M.Sc. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland. 160 pp.
Dastych, H. (1985) West Spitsbergen Tardigrada. Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia, 28, 169–214.
Dastych, H. (1987) Two new species of Tardigrada from the Canadian Subarctic with some notes on sexual dimorphism in the family Echiniscidae. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum Hamburg, 8, 319–334.
Donner, J. (1965) Ordnung Bdelloidea. Akademi Verlag, 297 pp.
Donner, J. (1978) Material zur saprobiologischen Beurteilung mehrerer Gewasser, mit besonderer Bercksichtigung der litoralen Rotatorien. Archiv fuer Hydrobiologie, (suppl), 52, 117–228.
Dowsett, J.A., Reis, J. & Kalkat, R.S. (1984) A new species of Arthrobotrys from soil. Mycologia, ZOOTAXA 76, 559–562.
Edwards, L.M. & Kimpinski, J. (1997) Relationships between soil penetration resistance and soil nematode burden in barley on Prince Edward Island. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 24, 13–17.
Forge, T.A. & Simard, S. W. (2001) Structure of nematode communities in forest soils of southern British Columbia: relationships of nitrogen mineralization and effects of clear-cut harvesting and fertilization. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 34, 170–178.
Goodey, T. (1951) Soil and Freshwater Nematodes. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. 390 pp.
Goodey, T. (1963) Soil and Freshwater Nematodes. 2nd ed. (revised and rewritten by J.B. Goodey). John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 544 pp.
Guidetti, R., Bertolani, R. & Nelson, D.R. (1999) Ecological and Faunistic Studies on Tardigrades in Leaf Litter of Beech Forests. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 238, 215–223.
Harring, H.K. (1921) The Rotatoria of the Canadian Arctic Expedition: 1913–1918. Report on the Canadian Arctic Expedition: 1913–1918, 8, 1–23.
Hayes, A.E., Fitzpatrick, S.M. & Webster, J.M. (1999) Infectivity, distribution, and persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae All strain (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) applied by sprinklers or boom sprayer to dry-pick cranberries. Journal of Economic Entomology, 92, 539–546.
Hooper, D.J. (1970) Handling, fixing, staining and mounting nematodes. In: Southy, J.F. (Ed.), Laboratory Methods for Work with Plant and Soil Nematodes. London, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Technical Bulletin, 2, 39–58.
Iharos, G. 1973. Angaben zur geographischen Verbreitung der Tardigraden. Opuscula Zoologica (Budapest), 12, 73–86.
Kathman, R.D. (1990) Eutardigrada from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, including a description of Platicrista chilensis n. sp. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 68, 1880–1895.
Kathman, R.D. & Cross, S.F. (1991) Ecological distribution of moss dwelling tardigrades on Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 69, 122–129.
Kathman, R.D. & Nelson, D.R. (1989) Pseudodiphascon arrowsmithi, a new species of tardigrade from British Columbia, Canada (Macrobiotidae, Eutardigrada, Tardigrada). Journal of the Entomological Society of British Columbia, 86, 66–70.
Kimpinski, J., Plumas, G. & MacDonald, M.C. (1993) Occurrence of the clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, in Prince Edward Island soils. Supplement to Journal of Nematology, 25, 867–879.
Kinchin, I. (1987) The moss fauna 1: Tardigrades. Journal of Biological Education, 21, 288–290.
Kinchin, I. (1989) The moss fauna 2: Nematodes. Journal of Biological Education, 23, 37–40.
Kinchin, I. (1990) The moss fauna 3: Arthropods. Journal of Biological Education, 24, 93–99.
Koch, W. (1929) Notes of Canadian rotifers. Canada Biology Board, Contributions to Canadian Biology, 4, 77–80.
Koste, W. (1976) Uber die Radertierbestande der oberin und mittleren Hase in den Jahren 1966–1969. Osnabruker Naturwiss, 4, 191–263.
Little, R. & Maun, M. (1997) Relationships among plant-parasitic nematodes, mycorrhizal fungi and the dominant vegetation of a sand dune system. Ecoscience, 4, 67–74.
Manicardi, G.C. (1989) Two new species of soil moss eutardigrades (Tardigrada) from Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67, 2282–2285.
McInnes, S.J. (1994) Zoogeographic distribution of terrestrial/freshwater tardigrades from current literature. Journal of Natural History, 28, 257–352.
Murray, J. (1910) Tardigrada of the British Antarctic Expedition 1907–1909. London, 1, 81–185.
Murray, J. (1911) Canadian Rotifera: collected by the Shackleton Antarctic Expedition of 1909. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society of London, 1, 285–297.
Nelson, D.R. (1991) Tardigrada. In: Thorp and Covich (Eds), Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. London, Academic Press, pp. 501–521.
Nelson, D.R. (1999) Tardigrades. In: Thorp & Covich (Eds), Ecology and Classification of North American Freshwater Invertebrates. 2nd Ed. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 393–419.
Odell, W.S. & Harris, W.E. (1933) Rotifera of Ottawa and district. The Canadian Field Naturalist, 47, 132–133.
Panesar, T.S., Marshall, V.G. & Barclay, H.J. (2000) The impact of clearcutting and partial harvesting systems on population dynamics of soil nematodes in coastal Douglas Fir forests. Pedobiologia, 44, 641–665.
Panesar, T.S., Marshall, V.G. & Barclay, H.J. (2001) Abundance and diversity of soil nematodes in chronosequences of coastal Douglas Fir forests on Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Pedobiologia, 45, 193–212.
Pilato, G. (1977) Macrobiotus willardi, a new species of tardigrada from Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 55, 628–630.
Platt, H.M. & Warwick, R.M. (1988) Freeliving Marine Nematodes. Part II: British Chromadorids. E.J. Brill/W. Backhuys, Leiden, New York, 502 pp.
Potter, J.W. & McKeown, A.W. (2003) Nematode biodiversity in Canadian agricultural soils. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 83, 289–302.
Ramazzotti, G. & Maucci, W. (1983) The Phylum Tardigrada. Memorie dellInstituto Italiano di Idrobiologia, 41, 1–1012.
Richters, F. (1908) Beitrag zur kenntis der moosfauna Australiens und der Inseln des Pazifishcen
Ozeans. Zoologische Jahrbuecher Abteilung fuer Systematik Oekologie und Geographie der Tiere, 26, 196–213.Siddiqi, M.R. (2000) Tylenchida: Parasites of plants and insects, 2nd ed. CABI publishing, Oxon, UK. Pp. 270–428.
Sladecek, V. (1983) Rotifers as indicators of water quality. Hydrobiologia, 100, 169–201.
Steiner, W. (1994) The influence of air pollution on moss-dwelling animals: 2. Aquatic fauna with emphasis on Nematoda and Tardigrada. Revue Suisse De Zoologie, 101, 699–724.
Steiner, W. (1995a) The influence of air pollution on moss-dwelling animals: 3. Terrestrial fauna, with emphasis on Oribatida and Collembola. Acarologia, 36, 149–173.
Steiner, W. (1995b) The influence of air pollution on moss-dwelling animals: 5. Fumigation experiments with Sulfur dioxide and exposure experiments. Revue Suisse De Zoologie, 102, 13–40.
Sweeney, J., Gesner, G., Bennett, R. & Vrain, T. (1998) Effect of mulches on persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp.) and infection of Strobilomyia neanthracina (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in field trials. Journal of Economic Entomology, 91, 1320–1330.
Van Rompu, E.A., de Smet, W.H. & Bafort, J.M. (1991) Contributions to the Tardigrada of the Canadian High Arctic. 2. Fresh water tardigrades from Little Cornwallis Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea, 59, 132–140.
Van Rompu, E.A., de Smet, W.H. & Beyens, L. (1992) Contributions to the Tardigrada of the Canadian High Arctic. 1. Freshwater Tardigrades from Devon Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Field Naturalist, 106, 303–310.
Weglarska, B. (1970) Hypsibius (Isohypsibius) smreczynskii spec. nov., a new species of freshwater tardigrade. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, 16, 107–114.
Weglarska, B. & Kuc, M. (1980) Heterotardigrada from Axel Heiberg Island. Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Jagiellonskiego, 26, 53–66.
Zullini, A. & Peretti, E. (1986) Lead pollution and moss-inhabiting nematodes of an industrial area. Water Air and Soil Pollution, 27, 403–410.