Abstract
The Haplodrassus species of the the Maghreb are revised. Six new species are described: H. dentifer Bosmans & Abrous, sp. n. (♂♀, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Spain), H. longivulva Bosmans & Hervé, sp. n. (♂♀, Algeria, Morocco), H. lyndae Abrous & Bosmans, sp. n. (♂♀, Algeria, Morocco, Spain), H. ovatus Bosmans & Hervé, sp. n. (Tunisia, Algeria), H. securifer Bosmans & Abrous, sp. n. (♂♀, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Portugal, Spain, France, Italy, Belgium) and H. triangularis Bosmans, sp. n. (♂♀, Morocco, Tunisia). The following new synonyms are proposed. Drassus corticalis Lucas, 1846, syn. n. and Drassus similis C.L. Koch, 1866, syn. n. were found to be junior synonyms of Drassus rufipes Lucas, 1846. Drassus parvulus L. Koch 1882, Drassodes acrotirius Roewer, 1928, Drassodes seditiosus Caporiacco, 1928, Drassodes parvicorpus Roewer, 1951 and Haplodrassus maroccanus Denis, 1956 are junior synonyms of Drassus omissus O.P.-Cambridge, 1872 syn. n. and this species is transferred to Haplodrassus comb. n. (taken out of the synonymy with H. morosus (O.P.-Cambridge, 1872, contra Levy, 2004). Drassodes nigroscriptus deminutus Simon, 1909 and Drassodes nigroscriptus Simon, 1909 are synonyms and the species is transferred to Haplodrassus comb. n. Haplodrassus isaevi Ponomarev & Tsvetkov, 2006 is a junior synonym of Haplodrassus orientalis (L. Koch), 1866 syn. n. comb. n. H. macellinus hebes (O.P.- Cambridge, 1874) is a synonym of Haplodrassus macellinus (Thorell, 1871) syn. n. Haplodrassus vignai Di Franco, 1996 is a synonym of H. macellinus (Thorell, 1871) (taken out of the synonymy of H. invalidus O.P.-Cambridge, 1872, contra Levy, 2004). H. gridellii Caporiacco, 1949 is taken out of the synonymy with H. pugnans (Simon, 1880) and synonymized with H. rufipes (Lucas, 1846) syn. n. (contra Levy, 2004). The following new combinations are proposed. Drassodes rhodanicus Simon, 1914 = Haplodrassus rhodanicus (Simon, 1914), comb. n. Drassus crassipes Lucas, 1846 = Haplodrassus crassipes (Lucas, 1846) comb. n. The following new status is proposed: Haplodrassus typhon (Simon, 1878) is removed from the synonymy of H. macellinus Thorel, 1871, is declared a valid species, a female lectotype is designated and the unknown male is described. Drassodes severus L. Koch, 1839 and Drassodes spinicrus Caporiacco, 1928 are declared nomina dubia. The female of H. rhodanicus is described for the first time, and the male illustrated for the first time. All Haplodrassus species occurring in the Maghreb are redescribed as well as Haplodrassus macellinus (Thorell, 1871), only occurring in S.W. Europe and deleted from the North African list. New distribution data and photos of other European Haplodrassus species are presented.
References
Barriga, J.C., Jimenez-Valverde, A., Morano, E., Moreno, A.G. & Melic, A. (2006) Arañas de la provincia de Ciudad Real (Arachnida: Araneae) (Castilla la Mancha, España). Revista Iberica de Aracnologia, 13, 125‒142.
Bosmans, R. & Blick, T. (2000) Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Micaria in the West-palaearctic region, with description of the new genus Arboricaria and three new species (Araneae Gnaphosidae). Memorie della Società entomologica italiana, 78, 443‒476.
Bosmans, R. & Janssen, M. (1999) The ground spider genus Setaphis in the Maghreb countries (Araneae Gnaphosidae) Bulletin de la Société royale belge d’Entomologie, 155, 82‒90.
Bosmans, R. & Van Keer, J. (2012) On the spider species described by L. Koch in 1882 from the Balearic Islands (Araneae). Arachnologische Mitteilungen, 43, 5‒16.
https://doi.org/10.5431/aramit4306Caporiacco, L. di (1928a) Aracnidi di Giarabub e di Porto Bardia (Tripolis). Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 53, 77‒107.
Caporiacco, L. di (1928b) Aracnidi. Il Parco nazionale del Gran Paradiso, Torino, 2, 1‒4.
Caporiacco, L. di (1932) Escursione zoologica all Oasi di Marrakesch. Aracnidi. Bolletino di Zoologia, Napoli, 3, 233‒238.
https://doi.org/10.1080/11250003209429227Caporiacco, L. di (1934) Missione zoologica del Dott. E. Festa in Cirenaica. Aracnidi. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Reale Università di Torino, 44, 1‒28.
Caporiacco L. di (1936) Aracnidi Fezzanesi. Atti della Societa Entomologica italiana, 75, 67‒93.
Caporiacco, L. di (1949) Un manipolo di araneidi dalla Cirenaica. Atti del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Trieste, 17, 113‒119.
Chatzaki, M., Thaler, K. & Mylonas, M. (2002) Ground spiders (Gnaphosidae; Araneae) of Crete (Greece). Taxonomy and distribution. I. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 109, 559‒601.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.79611Chatzaki, M. (2008) A critical review of the spider family Gnaphosidae in Greece. In: Makarov, S.E. & Dimitrijević, R.N. (Eds.), Advances in Arachnology and Developmental Biology. Papers dedicated to Prof. Dr. Božidar Ćurčić. Monographs 12. Inst. Zool., Belgrade; BAS, Sofia; Fac. Life Sci., Vienna; SASA, Belgrade & UNESCO MAB Serbia, Vienna-Belgrade-Sofia, pp. 355‒374.
Chatzaki M., Pitta E., Poursanidis D., Komnenov, M., Gloor D, Nikolakakis M. & Nentwig W. (2015) SPIDOnet.gr. Spiders of Greece, Version 1.0. Available from: http://www.araneae.unibe.ch/spidonet (accessed 15 June 2017)
Denis J., (1937) On a collection of spiders from Algeria. Proceedings of the zoological Society of London, 1937, 1027‒1060.
Denis, J. (1948) Araignées du Hoggar récoltées par M. de Peyerimhoff. Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle d’Afrique du Nord, 39, 146‒149.
Denis, J. (1956) Notes d'aranéologie marocaine. VI. Bibliographie des araignées du Maroc et addition d'espèces nouvelles. Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 35, 179‒207.
Denis, J. (1958) Araignées du massif calcaire des Eaux-Bonnes (Basses-Pyrénées). Bulletin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse, 92 (1957), 245‒258.
Denis, J. (1967) Quelques captures d’Araignées pyrénéennes (III). Bulletin de la Société d’Histoire naturelle de Toulouse, 103, 32‒50.
Di Franco, F. (1994) Contributo alla conoscenza degli Gnaphosidae (Arachnida, Araneae) del Maghreb. Animalia, 19, 193‒211.
Di Franco, F. (1996) Gnaphosidae dei Colli Albani (Arachnida, Araneae). Fragmenta Entomologica, 28, 169‒187.
Di Franco, F. (2001) Gnaphosidae (Arachnida, Araneae) della Riserva Naturale Orientata "Oasi del Simeto" (Catania). Naturalista Siciliano, 25, 195‒215.
Grimm, U. (1985) Die Gnaphosidae Mitteleuropas (Arachnida, Araneae). Abhandlungen des naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Hamburg, 26, 1‒318.
Haddad, C.R. & Bosmans, R. (2013) Synonymy of the North African spider genus Castanilla Caporiacco, 1936 with Micaria Westring, 1851 (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Zootaxa, 3734 (3), 397‒399.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3734.3.10Janssen, M. (1994) Vier nieuwe spinnensoorten voor de Belgische fauna. Niewsbrief van de Belgische arachnologische Vereniging, 9, 82‒83.
Jocqué, R. (1977) Sur une collection estivale d'araignées du Maroc. Annales de la Société entomologique de Belgique, 113, 321‒337.
Kamura, T. (2007) Spiders of the genus Haplodrassus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 55, 95‒103.
https://doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.55.95Karol, S. (1966) Spiders of Ankara and environs with a description of a new species Xysticus turcicus (Araneae, Thomisidae). Communications de la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université d’Ankara, 11 (C), 15‒32.
https://doi.org/10.1501/Commuc_0000000151Koch, C.L. (1839) Die Arachniden. Funfter, Sechster & Siebenter Band. In der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 34, 156 & 106 pp. [pp. 125‒158, pp. 1‒156 & pp. 1‒106]
Koch, C. L. (1843) Die Arachniden. Zehnter Band. In der C. H. Zeh'schen Buchhandlung, Nürnberg, 106 pp. [pp. 37‒142]
Koch, L. (1866) Die Arachniden-Familie der Drassiden. Hefte 1‒6. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, 304 pp.
Koch, L. (1882) Zoologische Ergebnisse von excursionen auf den Balearen. II: Arachniden und Myriapoden. Verhandlungen der zoologischen-botanischen Geselschaft in Wien, 31, 625‒678.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20320Kovblyuk, M.M., Seyyar, O., Demir, H. & Topçu, A. (2009) New taxonomic and faunistic data on the gnaphosid spiders of Turkey (Aranei: Gnaphosidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 18, 169‒187.
Kovblyuk, M.M., Kastrygina, Z.A. & Omelko, M.M. (2012) A review of the spider genus Haplodrassus Chamberlin, 1922 in Crimea (Ukraine) and adjacent areas (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). ZooKeys, 205, 59‒89
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.205.3491Lecigne, S. (2012) Inventaire aranéologique (Arachnida, Araneae) dans la ville d’Estepona (Málaga, Espagne). Revista Ibérica de Aracnología, 21, 161‒167.
Levy, G. (2004) Spiders of the genera Drassodes and Haplodrassus (Araneae, Gnaphosidae) from Israel. Israel Journal of Zoology, 50, 1‒37.
https://doi.org/10.1560/RUQP-20ML-VDBA-3GKXLucas, H. (1846) Histoire naturelle des animaux articulés. Exploration scientifique de l'Algérie pendant les années 1840, 1841, 1842 publiée par ordre du Gouvernement et avec le concours d'une commission académique. Sciences physiques, Paris, Zoologie, 1, 1‒403.
Melic, A., Silva, A., Patanita, M.I., Santos, S.A.P., Benhadi-Marin, J. & Barrientos, J.A. (2016) Three new species of Gnaphosidae (Arachnida, Araneae) collected in Iberian Peninsula. Revista Ibérica de Aracnoligίa, 28, 107‒113.
Miller, F. & Buchar, J. (1977) Neue Spinnenarten aus der Gattung Zelotes Distel [sic] und Haplodrassus Chamberlin (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). Acta Universitatis Carolinae Biologica (Biol.), 1974, 157‒171.
Murphy, J. (2007) Gnaphosid genera of the world. Vol. 1 & 2. British Arachnological Society, St Neots, Cambridgeshire, 605 pp. [pp. i‒xii, 1‒92 & pp. i‒ii, 93‒605]
Nentwig, W., Blick, T., Gloor, D., Hänggi, A. & Kropf, C. (2017) Spiders of Europe. Available from: http://www.araneae.unibe.ch. (accessed 15 June 2017)
Nikolic, F. & Polenec, A. (1981) Catalogus faunae Jugoslaviae. III/4 Aranea. Academia Scientiarum et Artium Slovenica, Ljubljana, 135 pp.
Omelko, M.M. & Marusik, Y.M. (2012) A review of the Haplodrassus montanus-group (Aranei: Gnaphosidae) in the east Paleartic and preliminary grouping of the genus. Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 339‒348.
Pavesi, P. (1880) Studi sugli Aracnidi africani. I. Aracnidi di Tunisia. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 15, 283‒388.
Pavesi, P. (1884) Materiali per lo studio della fauna tunisina raccolti da e L. Doria: Aracnidi. Annali del Museo civico di Storia naturale di Genova, 20, 446‒486.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1872) General list of the spiders of Palestine and Syria, with descriptions of numerous new species, and characters of two new genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 40 (1), 212‒354.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1874) On some new species of Drassides. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 42 (3), 370‒419.
Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1875) Notes and descriptions of some new and rare British spiders. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 16, 237‒260.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937508681166Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1879) On some new and rare British spiders, with characters of a new genus. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 4, 190‒215.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937908679818Piterkina, T.V. & Ovtsharenko, V.I. (2007) Interesting findings of spiders of the families Gnaphosidae and Liocranidae (Aranei) from semi-desert of the northern Caspian lowland. Zoologicheskiĭ Zhurnal, 86, 1425‒1432.
Platnick, N.I. & Murphy, J.A. (1996) A review of the zelotine ground spider genus Setaphis (Araneae, Gnaphosidae). American Museum Novitates, 3162, 1‒23.
Ponomarev, A.V. & Tsvetkov, A.S. (2006) New and rare spiders of family Gnaphosidae (Aranei) from a southeast of Europe. Caucasian entomological Bulletin, 2, 5‒13.
Roewer, C.F. (1928) Zoologische Streifzüge in Attika, Morea, und besonders auf der Insel Kreta, II. Araneae. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen, 27, 92‒123.
Roewer, C.F. (1951) Neue Namen einiger Araneen-Arten. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen, 32, 437‒456.
Schröder, M., Chatzaki, M. & Buchholz, S. (2010) The spider fauna of the Aladjagiola wetland complex (Nestos Delta, north-east Greece): a reflection of a unique zoogeographical transition zone in Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 102, 217‒233.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2010.01572.xSeyyar, O. (2011) Some faunistical remarks on spiders of the genus Haplodrassus (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Turkey. Archives of Biological Science Belgrade, 63, 1245‒1249.
https://doi.org/10.2298/ABS1104245SSimon, E. (1878) Les arachnides de France. Tome IV. Roret, Paris, 334 pp.
Simon, E. (1880) Etudes arachnologiques. 11e Mémoire. XVII. Arachnides recueillies aux environs de Pékin par M. V. Collin de Plancy. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, Series 5, 10, 97‒128.
Simon, E. (1885) Etudes sur les Arachnides recueillis en Tunisie en 1883 et 1884 par MM. A. Letourneux, M. Sédillot et Valéry Mayet, membres de la mission de l'Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie. In: Exploration scientifique de la Tunisie, publiée sous les auspices du Ministère de l'instruction publique. Zoologie-Arachnides, Paris, pp. 1–55.
Simon, E. (1899) Liste des arachnides recueillis en Algérie par M. P. Lesne et description d'une espèce nouvelle. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle de Paris, 1899, 82–87.
Simon, E. (1908) Arachnides. In: Gadeau de Kerville, H. (Ed.), Voyage zoologique en Khroumirie. University of Michigan Library, Paris, pp. 51–56.
Simon, E. (1909) Etude sur les arachnides recueillis au Maroc par M. Martinez de la Escalera en 1907. Mémorias de la real Sociedad espaňola de Historia natural, Series 6, 1, 1–43.
Simon, E. (1911) Récoltes entomologiques dans les Beni Snassen. II. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 80, 414–419.
Simon, E. (1914) Les arachnides de France. Synopsis général et catalogue des espèces françaises de l'ordre des Araneae. Tome VI. 1re partie. Roret, Paris, 308 pp.
Stefanovska, D., Naumova, M., Prelik, D., Deltshev, C. & Lazarov, S. (2008) Spiders from the Skopje Region: a faunistic and zoogeographical analysis. Historia Naturalis Bulgarica, 19, 35–49.
Thorell, T. (1871) Remarks on synonyms of European spiders. Part II. C.J. Lundström, Uppsala, 312 pp. [pp. 97–228]
Strand, E. (1906) Diagnosen nordafrikanischer, hauptsächlich von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger gesammelter Spinnen. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 30, 604–637, 655–690.
Strand, E. (1915) Dritte Mitteilung über Spinnen aus Palästina, gesammelt von Herrn Dr J. Aharoni. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 81 (A2), 134-171.
Van Keer, J., Van Keer, K., De Koninck, H. & Ramel, G. (2010) The arachnofauna (Araneae) of wetland Kirkini (Macedonia-Northern Central Greece). Acta zoologica Bulgarica, 62, 141–160.
World Spider Catalog (2017) World Spider Catalog. Version 18.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 15 June 2017)