Abstract
The genus Oceanapia Norman, 1869 comprises 95 species worldwide, 20 from the Atlantic Ocean and seven from Brazil. Oceanapia includes sponges with hollow body and numerous fistulae; spicules are oxeas or strongyles and microscleres, if present, are sigmas or toxas. Specimens were collected by trawl at Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco and Pará States, Brazil. Two new species are described from the Northeast Region of Brazil: Oceanapia cordia sp. nov. and Oceanapia magna sp. nov. For two preoccupied combinations, new names are proposed, Oceanapia hechteli nom. nov. and Oceanapia topsenti nom. nov. Oceanapia stalagmitica (Wiedenmayer, 1977) is recorded and described for the first time from Brazil. A taxonomic study of seven specimens of Oceanapia from the North and Northeast region (Brazil) is given, including description, illustrations and geographical distribution. The two new species are compared with all other descriptions of Oceanapia from the Atlantic Ocean.
References
Bergquist, P.R. (1965) The Sponges of Micronesia. Part I. The Palau Archipelago. Pacific Sciences, 19 (2), 123–204.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1866) A Monograph of the British Spongiadae. Vol. 2. London, Ray Society, xx + 388 pp.
Bowerbank, J.S. (1873) Contributions to a General History of the Spongiadae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, Part IV, 3–25, I–IV.
Burton, M. (1956) The sponges of West Africa. Atlantide Report (Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa, 1945–1946, Copenhagen, 4, 111–147.
Campos, M., Mothes, B., Eckert, M. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (2005) Haplosclerida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the coast of Maranhão State, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 963 (1), 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.963.1.1Carter, H.J. (1882) New Sponges, Observations on old ones, and a proposed New Group. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 10 (55), 106–125.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938209459681De Laubenfels, M.W. (1934) New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 91 (17), 1–28.
Desqueyroux-Faúndez, R. & Valentine, C. (2002) Family Phloeodictyidae Carter, 1882. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.), Systema Porifera. A guide to the classification of sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London and Moscow, pp. 893–905.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_94De Weerdt, W.H. (1985) A systematic revision of the north-eastern Atlantic shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae): 1. Introduction, Oceanapiidae and Petrosiidae. Beaufortia, 35 (5), 61–91.
De Weerdt, W.H. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (1986) Marine shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera) from the south-eastern part of the North Atlantic Ocean. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 225, 1–49.
George, W.C. & Wilson, H.V. (1919) Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and Vicinity. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries, Washington, 36, 129–179, pls. LVI–LXVI.
Grant, R.E. (1836) Animal Kingdom. In: Todd, R.B. (Ed.), The Cyclopaedia of Anatomy and Physiology. Vol. 1. Sherwood, Gilbert and Piper, London, pp. 107–118.
Hajdu, E., Peixinho, S. & Fernandez, J. (2011) Esponjas marinhas da Bahia: Guia de campo e laboratório. Série Livros 45. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janneiro, 276 pp.
Hechtel, G.J. (1976) Zoogeography of Brazilian marine Demospongiae. In: Harrison, F.W. & Cowden, R.R. (Eds.), Aspects of sponge biology. Academic Press, New York, pp. 237–259.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-327950-7.50021-XHechtel, G.J. (1983) New species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, Zoologia, 63, 58–89.
Hooper, J.N.A. & Wiedenmayer, F. (1994) Porifera. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Melbourne, 12, 1–620.
ICZN (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomeclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomeclature, London, XX + 365 pp.
Lamarck, J.B.P. (1815) Suite des polypiers empâtés. Mémoires du Muséum d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 1, 69–80, 162–168, 331–340.
Lehnert, H. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (1996) North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia, 46 (4), 53–81.
Lévi, C. (1969) Spongiaires du Vema Seamount (Atlantique Sud). Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 41 (4), 952–973.
Muricy, G., Lopes, D.A., Hajdu, E., Carvalho, M.S., Moraes, F.C., Klautau, M., Menegola, C. & Pinheiro, U. (2011) Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Série Livros. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 300 pp.
Muricy, G. (2017) Phloeodictyidae. In: Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from: http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/faunadobrasil/8135 (accessed 21 May 2017)
Norman, A.M. (1869) Shetland Final Dredging Report. Part ii. On the Crustacea, Tunicata, Polyzoa, Echinodermata, Actinozoa, Hydrozoa, and Porifera. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, 38, 247–336.
Ridley, S.O. & Dendy, A. (1886) Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. ‘Challenger’. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 18 (108), 325–351, 470–493.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938609459998Santos, J.P., Cantarelli, J. & Tenório, D.O. (2002) Porifera do Estado de Pernambuco—Brasil. Capítulo 28. In: Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J.M.C. (Eds.), Diagnóstico da Biodiversidade de Pernambuco. Vol 2. Massangana, Recife, pp. 385–404.
Schmidt, O. (1870) Grundzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des atlantischen Gebietes. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, i (iii–iv) + 88 pp., VI pls.
Schmidt, O. (1880) Die Spongien des Meerbusen von Mexico (Und des caraibischen Meeres). Heft II. Abtheilung II. Hexactinelliden. Abtheilung III. Tetractinelliden. Monactinelliden und Anhang. Nachträge zu Abtheilung I (Lithistiden). In: Reports on the dredging under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico, by the USCSS ‘Blake’. Gustav Fischer, Jena, pp. 33–90, pls. V–X.
Schönberg, C.H.L. & Beuck, L. (2007) Where Topsent went wrong: Aka infesta a.k.a. Aka labyrinthica (Demospongiae: Phloeodictyidae) and implications for other Aka spp. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 87 (6), 1459–1476.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315407058249Sollas, W.J. (1885) Classification of the Sponges. Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society, 5 (2), 112.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938509459901Thiele, J. (1899) Studien über pazifische Spongien. II. Ueber einige Spongien von Celebes. Zoologica, Original-Abhandlungen aus dem Gesamtgebiete der Zoologie, Stuttgart, 24 (2), 1–33, I–V.
Topsent, E. (1892) Contribution à l’étude des Spongiaires de l’Atlantique Nord (Golfe de Gascogne, Terre-Neuve, Açores). Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince, Monaco, Albert I, 2, 1–165 + I–XI.
Topsent, E. (1904) Spongiaires des Açores. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince, Monaco, Albert I, 25, 1–280 + 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.61852Topsent, E. (1928) Spongiaires de l’Atlantique et de la Méditerranée provenant des croisières du Prince Albert ler de Monaco. Résultats des campagnes scientifiques accomplies par le Prince Albert I. Monaco, 74, 1–376, pls. I–XI.
Van Soest, R.W.M. (1980) Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Studies on the Fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands, 62 (191), 1–173.
Van Soest, R.W.M. & Sass, D.B. (1981) Amsterdam expeditions to the West Indian Islands, report 13. Marine sponges from an island cave on San Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijdr, Dierkd, 51 (2), 332–344.
Van Soest, R.W.M. (2017) Sponges of the Guyana Shelf. Zootaxa, 4217 (1), 1–225.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4217.1.1Van Soest, R.W.M., Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K., de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Vacelet, J., Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R. & Klautau, M. (2017) World Porifera database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera (accessed 26 December 2017)
Wiedenmayer, F. (1977) Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Experientia Supplementum, 28, 1–287, pls. 1–43.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5797-0Zea, S. (1987) Esponjas del Caribe Colombiano. Catálogo Cientifico, Bogotá, 286 pp.