Abstract
The genus Pseudepione Inoue, 1943 is a small geometrid taxon comprising only two species, the typo species P. magnaria (Wileman, 1911) and P. shiraii Inoue, 1943. They are known to distribute in Japan (Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku), south and central Korea (Choi 2012; Choi & An 2010; Jung & Oh 2012), the former species was also reported in Jiangxi of China (Fang 2003). The genus seems to be univoltine since adults can only be found in the autumn season (Wileman 1911; Inoue 1943, 1982; Parsons et al. 1999; Kim & Beljaev 2001; Sato 2011; Choi 2012). The combination of the absence of forewing fovea, tuft of scales of third abdominal sternite, gnathos, socii and cormata is quite unique in Ennominae. So far, the phylogenetic affinity of Pseudepione is unclear since the closely related genus has never been proposed and still no morphological or molecular phylogenetic studies, i.e. Beljaev (2006a; 2006b; 2016), Sihvonen (2011), Yamamoto & Sota (2007), Jiang et al. (2017), considering the palaearctic subfamily or tribal levels sampled this genus. The dense fundamental surveys conducted in recent 7 years in the cloud forests of Taiwan acquire the opportunity to collect this genus new to Taiwan. After comparing the Taiwanese specimens with the known two species in both sexes, it’s clear the Taiwanese specimens are a distinct species needed to be described in the present study.
References
Beljaev, E.A. (2006a) A morphological approach to the Ennominae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). Spixiana, 29, 215–216.
Beljaev, E.A. (2006b) Alternative order, tentative tribal system of Ennominae based on current family-group names. Personal communication. Available from: http://www.herbulot.de/famgroup2.htm (accessed 15 August 2018)
Beljaev, E.A. (2016) Sem. Geometridae—Pyadenitzi [Fam. Geometridae—Geometer moth]. In: Lelei, A.S. (Ed.), Annotated Catalogue of the Insects of Russian Far East. Volume II. Lepidoptera. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, pp. 518–666.
Choi, S.W. (2012) Arthropoda, Insecta, Lepidoptera, Geometridae. Insect fauna of Korea. Vol. 16. No. 5. Geometrids. National Institute of Biological Resources, Ministry of Environment, Incheon, 130 pp.
Choi, S.-W. & An, J.-S. (2010) Altitudinal distribution of moths (Lepidoptera) in Mt. Jirisan National Park, South Korea. European Journal of Entomology, 107, 229–245.
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2010.031Fang, Y.-Q. (2003) The Butterfly and Moth Fauna of Lushan. Jiangxi University Press, Nanchang, 673 pp.
Inoue, H. (1943) New and little known Geometridae from Japan. Transactions of the Kansai Entomological Society, 12 (2), 1–25.
Inoue, H. (1982) Geometridae. In: Inoue, H., Sugi, S., Kuroko, H., Moriuti, S. & Kawabe, A. (Eds.), Moths of Japan. Vol. 1 & 2. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 425–573 + 263–310, pls. 54–108, pp. 228–229.
Jiang, N., Li, X., Hausmann, A., Cheng, R., Xue, D. & Han, H. (2017) A molecular phylogeny of the Palaearctic and Oriental members of the tribe Boarmiini (Lepidoptera : Geometridae : Ennominae). Invertebrate Systematics, 31, 427–441.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17005Jung, S.-H. & Oh, H.-S. (2012) Insecta (Lepidoptera) of Yeongsil in Hallasan Mountain National Park. Journal of Korean Nature, 5 (2), 181–192.
https://doi.org/10.7229/jkn.2012.5.2.181Kim, S.S. & Beljaev, E.V. (2001) Economic Insects of Korea 8 (Insecta Koreana Suppl. 15). Lepidoptera (Geometridae: Ennominae). National Institute of Ariculural Science and Technology, Suwon, pp. 245.
Nakajima, H. (1987) Pseudepione magnaria (Wileman) and Pseudepione shiraii Inoue. In: Sugi, S., Yamamoto, M., Nakatomi, K., Sato, R., Nakajima, H. & Owada, M. (Eds.), Larvae of Larger Moths in Japan. Kodansha, Tokyo, pp. 75, pls. 9, 10, 30, [in Japanese]
Parsons, M.S., Scoble, M.J., Honey, M.R., Pitkin, L.M. & Pitkin, B.R. (1999) Geometrid Moths of the World. A Catalogue. Vol. 2. 1016 pp. CSIRO.
Robinson, G.S., Ackery, P.R., Kitching, I. J., Beccaloni, G.W. & Hernández, L.M. (2010) HOSTS—A Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants. Natural History Museum, London. Available from: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosts (accessed 15 August 2018)
Sato, R. (2011) Geometridae (Ennominae). In: Kishida, Y. (Ed.), The Standard of Moths in Japan. Vol. 1. Gakken Education Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 132–200, pls. 8–38. [in Japanese]
Sihvonen, P., Mutanen, M., Kaila, L., Brehm, G., Hausmann, A. & Staude, H.S. (2011) Comprehensive molecular sampling yields a robust phylogeny for geometrid moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). PLoS One, 6, e20356.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020356Yamamoto, S. & Sota, T. (2007) Phylogeny of the Geometridae and the evolution of winter moths inferred from a simultaneous analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 44, 711–723.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.027Wileman, A.E. (1911) New and unrecorded species of Lepidoptera Heterocera from Japan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1911, 189–407, pls. 30–31.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1911.tb03088.x