Abstract
A new species of Amphisbaena from the Espinhaço Mountain Range in Bahia State is described based on morphological and molecular data. Amphisbaena caetitensis sp nov. is a small four-pored amphisbaenian with 186–194 body annuli, 10–12 tail annuli, 16 dorsal and 19–22 ventral segments on a midbody annulus and a strikingly distinctive tail tip. The most similar species is A. uroxena, but they can be distinguished by some morphological features besides the genetic divergence of 7.65% on the mitochondrial 16S rRNA.
References
Ab'Sáber, A.N. (1970) Províncias geológicas e domínios morfoclimáticos no Brasil. Geomorfologia, 20, 1–26.
Albuquerque, U.P., Araújo, E.L., El-Deir, A.C.A., Lima, A.L.A., Souto, A., Bezerra, B.M., Ferraz, E.M.N., Freire, E.M.X., Sampaio, E.V.S.B., Las-Casas, F.M.G., Moura, G.J.B., Pereira, G.A., Melo, J.G., Ramos, M.A., Rodal, M.J.N., Schiel, N., Lyra-Neves, R.M., Alves, R.R.N., Azevedo-Júnior, S.M., Júnior, W.R.T. & Severi, W. (2012) Caatinga Revisited: Ecology and Conservation of an Important Seasonal Dry Forest. The Scientific World Journal, 2012 (2012), 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/205182Almeida, J.P.F.A, Dal Vechio, F., Teixeira-Jr, M., Rodrigues, M.T. & Mott, T. (2016) Morphological similarities between Amphisbaena mitchelli Procter, 1923 and A. miringoera Vanzolini, 1971 (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae): phylogenetic relatedness or morphological convergence? Zootaxa, 4168 (3), 573–576.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4168.3.9Bell, T. (1833) Descriptions of two reptiles and the types of two genera hitherto undescribed. Characters of two new genera of reptiles. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1833, 98–99.
Boulenger, G.A. (1890) Reptilia. In: Ridley, H.N. (Ed.), Notes on the zoology of Fernando Noronha. Journal of the Linnean Society, London, pp. 481–482.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1886.tb02243.xBoulenger, G.A. (1902) Descriptions of new fishes and reptiles discovered by Dr. F. Silvestri in South America. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9 (52), 284–288.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930208678587Broadley, D.G. & Measey, G.J. (2016) A new species of Zygaspis (Reptilia: Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from north-eastern Mozambique. African Journal of Herpetology, 65 (2), 115–122.
https://doi.org/10.1080/21564574.2016.1183717Castelleti, C.H.M., Silva, J.M.C., Tabarelli, M. & Santos, A.M.M. (2004) Quanto ainda resta da Caatinga? Uma estimativa preliminar. In: Silva, J.M.C., Tabarelli, M., Fonseca, M.T. & Vins, L.V. (Eds.), Biodiversidade da Caatinga: áreas e ações prioritárias para a conservação. Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Brasília, pp. 91–100.
Castro-Mello, C. (2003) Nova espécie de Bronia Gray 1845, do estado do Tocantins, Brasil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 43 (7), 139–143.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492003000700001Colli, G.R., Fenker, J., Tedeschi, L.G., Barreto-Lima, A.F., Mott, T. & Ribeiro, S.L.B. (2016) In the depths of obscurity: Knowledge gaps and extinction risk of Brazilian worm lizards (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Biological Conservation, 204, 51–62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.07.033
Cope, E.D. (1861) Some remarks defining the following species of Reptilia Squamata. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1861, 75–76.
Costa, H.C. & Bérnils, R.S. (2015) Répteis brasileiros: lista de espécies 2015. Herpetologia Brasileira, 4 (3), 75–93.
Costa, H.C., Resende, F.C., Teixeira-Jr., M., Dal Vechio, F. & Clemente, C.A. (2015) A new Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from southern Espinhaço Range, southeastern Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87 (2), 891–901.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140088Dal Vechio, F. Teixeira-Jr., M., Sena, M., Argôlo, A., Garcia, C. & Rodrigues, M.T. (2016) Taxonomic status and phylogenetic placement of Amphisbaena leucocephala Peters, 1878 (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). South American Journal of Herpetology, 11 (3), 157–175.
https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-16-00027.1Duméril, M.C. & Duméril, M.A. (1851) Catalogue méthodique de la collection des reptiles du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Gide et Baudry, Paris, 224 pp.
Dunn, E.R. & Piatt, J. (1936) A new Amphisbaena from Brazil. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 88 (1936), 527–528.
Fouquet, A., Gilles, A., Vences, M., Marty, C., Blanc, M. & Gemmell, N.J. (2007) Understimation of species richness in neotropical frogs revealed by mtDNA analyses. PLoS ONE, 2 (10), e1109.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0001109Gans,C. (1964a) New records of Amphisbaena silvestrii Boulenger, and the description of a new two-pored species from the northern Chaco (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). Copeia, 1964 (3), 553–561.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1441523Gans, C. (1964b) The South American species of Amphisbaena with a vertically keeled tail (Reptilia, Amphisbaenidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 45 (3–5), 387–416.
Gomes, J.O. & Maciel, A.O. (2012) A new species of Amphisbaena Linnaeus (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the state of Maranhão, northern Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa, 3572, 43–54.
Gray, J.E. (1865) A revision of the genera and species of amphisbaenians with the descriptions of some new species now in the collection of the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 16 (3), 365–377.
Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41, 95–98.
Harris, D.J., Batista, V., Lymberakis, P. & Carretero, M.A. (2004) Complex estimates of evolutionary relationships in Tarentola mauritanica (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) derived from mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30 (3), 855–859.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00260-4Hemprich, W.F.G. (1820) Amphisbaenarum generis novas species duas descripsit. Verhandlungen der Gesellschaft Naturforschunden Freunde, 1, 129–130.
Hoogmoed, M.S., Pinto, R.R., Rocha, W.A. & Pereira, E.G. (2009) A new species of Mesobaena Mertens, 1925 (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Brazilian Guiana, with a key to the Amphisbaenidae of the Guianan region. Herpetologica, 65 (4), 436–448.
https://doi.org/10.1655/08-062.1Huelsenbeck, J.P. & Ronquist, F. (2001) MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17 (8), 754–755.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/17.8.754Katoh, K. & Standley, D.M. (2013) MAFFT multiple sequence alignment software version 7: Improvements in performance and usability. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30 (4), 772–780.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst010Kearney, M. (2003) Systematics of the Amphisbaenia (Lepidosauria: Squamata) based on morphological evidence from recent and fossil forms. Herpetological Monographs, 17 (1), 1–74.
https://doi.org/10.1655/0733-1347(2003)017[0001:SOTALB]2.0.CO;2Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across compouting plataforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35 (6), 1547–1549.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096Leal, I.R., Tabarelli, M. & Silva, J.M.C. (2003) Ecologia e conservação da Caatinga. Editora Universitária da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 806 pp.
Leal, I.R., Silva, J.M.C., Tabarelli, M. & Lacher Junior, T.E. (2005) Mudando o curso da conservação da biodiversidade na Caatinga do Nordeste do Brasil. Megadiversidade, 1 (1), 139–146.
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. 10th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.
Mertens, R. (1925) Eine neue Eidechsengattung aus der Familie der Leposterniden. Senckenbergiana, 7 (5), 170–171.
Montero, R. & Céspedez, J. (2002) New two-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Argentina. Copeia, 2002 (3), 792–797.
Mott, T., Rodrigues, M.T. & de Freitas, M.A. (2011) Amphisbaena uroxena Mott, Rodrigues, de Freitas and Silva 2008 (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) shows sexual dimorphism in precloacal pores. Zootaxa, 3043, 33–34.
Mott, T., Rodrigues, M.T., de Freitas, M.A. & Silva, T.F.S. (2008) New Species of Amphisbaena with a Nonautotomic and Dorsally Tuberculate Blunt Tail From State of Bahia, Brazil (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Journal of Herpetology, 42 (1), 172–175.
https://doi.org/10.1670/07-074R2.1Mott, T., Rodrigues, M.T. & Santos, E.M. (2009) A new Amphisbaena with chevron-shaped anterior body annuli from state of Pernambuco: Brazil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Zootaxa, 58, 52–58.
Mott, T. & Vieites, D.R. (2009) Molecular phylogenetics reveals extreme morphological homoplasy in Brazilian worm lizards challenging current taxonomy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 51 (2), 190–200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.014Müller, L. (1924) Ueber neue oder seltene Mittel- und Südamerikanische Amphibien und Reptilien. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 11 (1), 75–93.
Peracca, M.G. (1897) Rettili e Anfibi. Viaggio del Dott. Alfredo Borelli nel Chaco boliviano e nella Repubblica Argentina. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della R. Università di Torino, 12 (274), 1–19.
Peters,W.C.H. (1878) Über vier neue amerikanische Amphisbaena-Arten. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1878, 778–781.
Peters,W.C.H. (1879) Über die Amphisbaenen und eine zu denselben gehörige neue Art (Lepidosternon wuchereri). Monatsberichte der Berliner Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1879, 273–277.
Pinna, P.H., Mendonça, A.F., Bocchiglieri, A. & Fernandes, D.S. (2010) A new two-pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus from the endangered Brazilian Cerrado biome (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Zootaxa, 2569, 44–54.
Pinna, P.H., Mendonça, A.F., Bocchiglieri, A. & Fernandes, D.S. (2014) A New Species of Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758 from a Cerrado Region in Bahia, Northeastern Brazil (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae). Herpetologica, 70 (3), 339–349.
https://doi.org/10.1655/HERPETOLOGICA-D-13-00039Porto, M., Soares, M. & Caramaschi, U. (2000) A new species of Leposternon Wagler, 1824 from Minas Gerais, Brazil, with a key to the species of the genus (Amphisbaenia, Amphisbaenidae). Boletim do Museu Nacional, Nova Série Zoologia, 412, 1–10.
Procter, J.B. (1923) On new and rare reptiles from South America. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1923 (4), 1061–1068.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1923.tb02220.xRibeiro, S., Castro-Mello, C. & Nogueira, C. (2009) New Species of Anops Bell, 1833 (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from Jalapão Region in the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Herpetology, 43 (1), 21–28.
https://doi.org/10.1670/07-299R1.1Ribeiro, S., Gomes, J.O., Silva, H.L.R., Cintra, C.E.D. & Silva Junior, N.J. (2016) A new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado, with a key to the two-pored species of Amphisbaena. Zootaxa, 4147 (2), 124–142.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4147.2.2Ribeiro, S., Nogueira, C., Cintra, C.E.D, Silva, N.J. & Zaher, H. (2011) Description of a New Pored Leposternon (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) from the Brazilian Cerrado. South American Journal of Herperpetology, 6 (3), 177–188.
https://doi.org/10.2994/057.006.0303Ribeiro, S., Santos-Junior, A.P. & Zaher, H. (2015) A new species of Leposternon Wagler, 1824 (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from northeastern Argentina. Zootaxa, 4034 (2), 309–324.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4034.2.4Ribeiro, S., Vaz-Silva, W. & Santos Junior, A.P. (2008) New pored Leposternon (Squamata, Amphisbaenia) from Brazilian Cerrado. Zootaxa, 1930, 18–38.
Roberto, I.J., Brito, L.B.M. & Ávila, R.W. (2014) A new six-pored Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from the coastal zone of northeast Brazil. Zootaxa, 3753 (2), 167–176.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3753.2.6Ruthven, A.G. (1922) A new species of Amphisbaena from British Guiana. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, 122, 1–2.
Stimson, A.F. (1972) A new species of Anops from Mato Grosso, Brazil (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia). Bulletin of the British Museum of Natural History, Zooloogy, 24 (3), 205–212.
Strauch, A. (1881) Bemerkungen über die Eidechsenfamilie der Amphisbaeniden. Mélanges Biologiques de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint Petersbourg, 11, 355–479.
Strussmann, C. & Mott, T. (2009) Sympatric amphisbaenids from Manso Dam region, Mato Grosso State, Western Brazil, with the description of a new two-pored species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 44 (1), 37–46.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520802628295Tavares, A.P.G., Carvalho, J.J.S. & Ribeiro, L.B. (2017) First record of Amphisbaena lumbricalis (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil: Including a distribution map and soil classification of its occurrence. Herpetology Notes, 10, 19–22.
Teixeira-Jr., M., Dal Vechio, F., Neto, A.M. & Rodrigues, M.T. (2014) A New Two-Pored Amphisbaena Linnaeus, 1758, from Western Amazonia, Brazil (Amphisbaenia: Reptilia). South American Journal of Herpetology, 9 (1), 62–74.
https://doi.org/10.2994/SAJH-D-14-00004.1Vanzolini, P.E. (1964) Amphisbaena bahiana sp. n., do Brasil (Sauria: Amphisbaenidae). Pilot Registry of Zoology, 8, 1.
Vanzolini, P.E. (1971) New Amphisbaenidae from Brasil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 24 (14), 191–195.
Vanzolini, P.E. (1991a) Two new small species of Amphisbaena from the fossil dune field of the middle Rio São Francisco, State of Bahia, Brasil (Reptilia, Amphisbaenia). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 37 (17), 259–276.
Vanzolini, P.E. (1991b) A third species of Bronia Gray, 1865 (Reptilia, Amphisbaenia). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 37 (25), 379–388.
Vanzolini, P.E. (1997) The silvestrii species group of Amphisbaena, with the description of two new Brasilian species (Reptilia: Amphisbaenia). Papéis Avulsos de Zooloogia, 40 (3), 65–85.
Vanzolini, P.E. (2002) An aid to the identification of the South American species of Amphisbaena (Squamata, Amphisbaenidae). Papéis Avulsos de Zooloogia, 42 (15), 351–362.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492002001500001Vidal, N., Azvolinsky, A., Cruaud, C. & Hedges, S.B. (2008) Origin of tropical American burrowing reptiles by transatlantic rafting. Biology letters, 4 (1), 115–118.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0531Vieites, D.R., Wollenberg, K.C., Andreone, F., Köhler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar’s biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106 (20), 8267–8272.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0810821106Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J. (Eds.) (2018) The Reptile Database. Available from: http://www.reptile-database.org/ (accessed 10 August 2018)
Wagler, J. (1824) Serpentum Brasiliensium species novae, ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens. In: Spix, J. (Ed.), Animalia nova sive species novae. Typis Franc. Seraph. Hübschmanni, Monaco, pp. 75.
Werner, F. (1901) Reptilien und Batrachier aus Peru und Bolivien. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Königlichen Zoologischen und Anthropologisch-Etnographischen Museums zu Dresden, 9 (2), 1–14.