Abstract
A fifth species of the anchialine shrimp genus Procaris is described from Christmas Island, northeast Indian Ocean. This marks the first record of the Procarididae from the Indian Ocean. The closest known congeneric species, and the only other known from the Indo-West Pacific region, is P. hawaiiana Holthuis, 1973, from Hawaii. The new species can be separated from other described species by its angular fifth abdominal pleuron, having the medial eye lobe longer than the lateral, and by having a distolateral tooth on the scaphocerite. A cladistic analysis suggests the new species is sister to the clade containing the Pacific, P. hawaiiana, and the Atlantic P. chacei.References
Boxshall, G.A. (1989) Colonisation of inland marine caves by misophrioid copepods. Journal of the Zoological Society of London, 219, 521–526.
Chace, F.A., Jr & Manning, R.B. (1972) Two new caridean shrimps, one representing a new family, from marine pools on Ascension Island (Crustacea: Decapoda: Natantia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 131, 1–18.
Goloboff, P. (1997) NONA Version 2.0. American Museum of Natural History, New York.
Grimes, K.G. (2001) Karst features of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Helictite, 37, 41–58.
Hart, C.W., Jr, Manning, R.B. & Illiffe, T.M. (1985) The fauna of Atlantic marine caves: evidence of dispersal by sea floor spreading while maintaining ties to deep waters. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 98, 288–292.
Hart, C.W., Jr & Manning, R.B. (1986) Two new shrimps (Procarididae and Agostocarididae, new family) from marine caves of the western north Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6 (3), 408–416.
Holthuis, L.B. (1973) Caridean shrimps found in land-locked salt water pools at four Indo-west Pacific localities (Sinai Peninsula, Funafuti Atoll Maui and Hawaii Islands) with the description of one new genus and four species. Zoologische Verhandelingen. Leiden, 128, 1–48, figs 1–13.
Holthuis, L.B. (1993) The recent genera of the Caridean and Stenopodidean shrimps (Crustacea, Decapoda). Ridderprint Offsetdrukkerij B.V., Amsterdam, 328 pp.
Humphreys, W.F. (1999) Physico-chemical profile and energy fixation in bundera Sinkhole, an anchialine remiped habitat in north-western Australia. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia, 82, 89–98.
Humphreys, W.F. (2000) Chapter 30. The hypogean fauna of the Cape Range peninsula and Barrow Island, northwestern Australia. In: Wilkens, H. Culver, D.C. & Humphreys, W.F. (Ed.), Ecosystems of the World. Subterranean Ecosystems. Vol. 30, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 581–601.
Humphreys, W.F. & Danielopol, D.L. (in press) Danielopolina (Ostracoda, Thaumatocyprididae) on Christmas Island, Indian Ocean, a sea mount island. Crustaceana.
Humphreys, W.F. & Eberhard, S. (2001) Subterranean fauna of Christmas Island. Helictite, 37 (2), 59–74.
Iliffe, T.M. (2000) Anchialine cave ecology. In: Wilkens, H., Culver, D.C. & Humphreys, W.F. (Ed.), Ecosystems of the World. Subterranean Ecosystems. Vol. 30, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 59–76.
Jones, D.S. & Morgan, G.J. (2002) A Field Guide to Crustaceans of Australian Waters. Second Edition, Reed New Holland, Sydney, 224 pp.
Kensley, B. & Williams, D. (1986) New shrimps (families Procarididae and Hippolytidae) from a submerged larva tube on Hawaii. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 6 (3), 417–437.
Maciolek, J.A. (1983) Distribution and biology of Indo-Pacific insular hypogeal shrimps. Bulletin of Marine Science, 33(3), 606–618.
Namiotko, T., Wouters, K., Danielopol, D.L. & Humphreys, W.F. (2004) On the origin and evolution of a new anchialine stygobitic Microceratina species (Crustacea, Ostracoda) from Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). Journal of Micropalaeontology, 23, 49–59.
Nixon, K.C. (2002) ‘Winclada’, Software.
Sket, B. (1996) The ecology of anchialine caves. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 11, 221–255.
Sternberg, R.V. & Schotte, M. (2004) A new anchialine shrimp of the genus Procaris (Crustacea: Decapoda: Procarididae) from the Yucatan Peninsula. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 117 (4), 514–522.