Abstract
A new species of Colostethus is described from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana, South America. The new species can be distinguished from close relatives by the presence of a median lingual process, first finger equal to second, Finger III not distinctly swollen but all fingers slightly swollen in males, presence of fringes on fingers, presence of a dorsolateral stripe from posterior corner of eye, absence of an oblique lateral stripe, and differences in tadpole morphology, colouration and pattern, vocalizations and ecology. This is only the second species of Colostethus known to provide maternal care for tadpoles.References
Altig, R. & Johnston, G.F. (1989) Guilds of anuran larvae: relationships among developmental modes, morphologies and habitats. Herpetological Monographs, 3, 81–109.
Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R.W. (1999a) Body plan. In: McDiarmid, R. W. & Altig, R. (Eds.), Tadpoles: the Biology of Anuran Larvae. Chicago. University of Chicago Press, pp. 24–51.
Altig, R. & McDiarmid, R.W. (1999b) Diversity. In: McDiarmid, R. W. & Altig, R. (Eds.), Tadpoles: the Biology of Anuran Larvae. Chicago. University of Chicago Press, pp. 295–337.
Barrio-Amorós, C.L. (2006) A new dendrobatid frog (Anura: Dendrobatidae: Colostethus) from Aprada tepui, southern Venezuela. Zootaxa, 1110, 59–68.
Barrio-Amorós, C.L., Fuentes, O. & Rivas, G. (2004) Two new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from the Venezuelan Guayana. Salamandra, 40, 183–200.
Boistel, R. & de Massary, J-C. (1999) Les amphibiens vénéneux de la famille des dendrobatidés. Le Courrier de la Nature, 176, 34–39.
Bourne, G.R., Collins, A.C., Holder, A.M. & McCarthy, C.L. (2001) Vocal Communication and Reproductive Behavior of the Frog Colostethus beebei in Guyana. Journal of Herpetology, 35, 272–281.
Caldwell, J.P. & Lima, A.P. (2003) A new Amazonian species of Colostethus with a nidicolous tadpole. Herpetologica, 59, 218–233.
Caldwell, J.P., Lima, A.P. & Keller, C. (2002) Redescription of Colostethus marchesianus (Melin, 1941) from its type locality. Copeia, 2002, 157–165.
Charif, R.A., Mitchell, S. & Clarke, C.W. (1996) Canary 1.2 User’s Manual. Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. Ithaca, NY.
Coloma, L.A. (1995) Ecuadorian frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae). University of Kansas Museum of Natural History Miscellaneous Publications, 87, 1–72.
Cope, E.D. (1887) Synopsis of the Batrachia and Reptilia obtained by H. H. Smith, in the province of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 24, 44–60.
Echeverría, D.D. (1997) Microanatomy of the buccal apparatus and oral cavity of Hyla minuta Peters, 1872 larvae (Anura, Hylidae), with data on feedings habits. Alytes, 15, 26–36.
Gibson, R.C. & Buley, K.R. (2004) Maternal care and obligatory oophagy in Leptodactylus fallax: a new reproductive mode in frogs. Copeia, 2004, 128–135.
Gosner, K.L. (1960) A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16, 183–190.
Grant, T. (2004) On the identities of Colostethus inguinalis (Cope, 1868) and C. panamensis (Dunn, 1933), with comments on C. latinasus (Cope, 1863) (Anura: Dendrobatidae). American Museum Novitates, 3444, 1–24.
Grant, T. & Rodríguez, L.O. (2001) Two new species of frogs of the genus Colostethus (Dendrobatidae) from Peru and a redescription of C. trilineatus (Boulenger, 1883). American Museum Novitates, 3355, 1–24.
Hayek, L.A., Heyer, W.R. & Gascon, C. (2001) Frog morphometrics: a cautionary tale. Alytes, 18, 153–177.
Heyer, W.R., Donnelly, M.A., McDiarmid, R.W., Hayek, L.-A.C. & Foster, M.S. (Eds) (1994) Measuring and Monitoring Biological Diversity Standard Methods for Amphibians. Biological Diversity Handbook Series. Washington & London, Smithsonian Institution Press, 364 pp.
Hollowell, T. & Reynolds, R.P. (2005) Checklist of the Terrestrial Vertebrates of the Guiana Shield. Bulletin of the Biological Society of Washington, 13, 1–98.
Huber, O. & Foster, M.N. (Eds.) (2003) Conservation Priorities for the Guayana [sic] Shield: 2002 Consensus. Conservation International, Center for Applied Biodiversity Science, Washington, 97 pp.
IUCN, Conservation International, & NatureServe (2004) Global Amphibian Assessment. Available from http://www.globalamphibians.org (accessed 1 February 2006).
Jiménez de la Espada, M. (1871) Faunae neotropicalis species quaedam nondum cognitae. Jornal de Sciencias Mathematicas Physicas e Naturaes, Tomo III, 57–65.
Juncá, F.A., Altig, R. & Gascon, C. (1994) Breeding biology of Colostethus stepheni, a dendrobatid frog with a nontransported nidicolous tadpole. Copeia, 1994, 747–750
Kaplan, M. (1997) A new species of Colostethus from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) with comments on intergeneric relationships within the Dendrobatidae. Journal of Herpetology, 31, 369–375.
Kok, P.J.R. (2005) A New Genus and Species of Gymnophthalmid Lizard (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana. Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 75, 35–45.
Kok, P.J.R., Bourne, G.R., Arjoon, D., Wulff, N.M. & Lenglet, G.L. (2005) Colostethus beebei. Charismatic Jewel of the Lost World: The Golden Rocket Frog. Reptilia, 38, 47–53.
La Marca, E. (“1996”) [1997] Ranas del género Colostethus (Amphibia : Anura : Dendrobatidae) de la Guyana Venezolana con la descripción de siete especies nueva. Publicaciones de la Asociación de Amigos de Doñana, 9, 1–64.
Lehtinen, R.M. & Nussbaum, R.A. (2003) Parental care: a phylogenetic perspective. In: Jamieson, B.G.M. (Ed.), Reproductive Biology and Phylogeny of Anura. Science Publishers. Enfield, New Hampshire, pp. 343–386.
Lehtinen, R.M., Lannoo, M.J. & Wassersug R.J. (2004) Phytotelm-breeding anurans: past, present and future research. In: Lehtinen, R.M. (Ed.). Ecology and Evolution of Phytotelm Breeding Anurans. Special Publications of the University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, 193, pp 1–9.
Lescure, J. (1975) Contribution à l’étude des Amphibiens de Guyane française– III. Une nouvelle espèce de Colosthetus [sic] (Dendrobatidae): Colosthetus [sic] degranvillei. Bulletin du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, 3e Série, Zoologie, 203, 413–420.
Lescure, J. (1984) Las larvas de dendrobatidae [sic]. Reunión Iberoamericana de Conservación y Zoología de Vertebrados. Actas II, 37–47.
Martins, M. (1989) Nova espécie de Colostethus da Amazônia central (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 49, 1009–1012.
Meinhardt, D.J. & Parmelee, J.R. (1996) A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) from Venezuela. Herpetologica, 52, 70–77.
Morales, V.R. (“2000”) [2002] Sistemática y Biogeografía del grupo trilineatus (Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae, Colostethus), con descripción de once especies nuevas Publicaciones de la Asociación de Amigos de Doñana, 13, 1–59.
Myers, C.W. & Duellman, W.E. (1982) A new species of Hyla from Cerro Colorado, and other tree frog records and geographical notes from western Panama. American Museum Novitates, 2752, 1–32.
Myers, C.W. & Donnelly, M.A. (1997) A tepui herpetofauna on a granitic mountain (Tamacuari) in the borderland between Venezuela and Brazil. Report of the Phipps-Tapirapecó Expedition. American Museum Novitates, 3213, 1–71.
Myers, C.W. & Donnelly, M.A. (2001) Herpetofauna of the Yutajé-Corocoro massif, Venezuela: second report from the Robert G. Goelet American Museum ’ Terramar expedition to the northwestern tepuis. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 261, 1–85.
Noble, G.K. (1923) New batrachians from the Tropical Research Station British Guiana. Zoologica 3, 288–305.
Orton, G.L. (1953) The systematics of vertebrate larvae. Systematic Zoology, 2, 63–75.
Rivero, J.A. (1961) Salientia of Venezuela. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 126, 1–267.
Rivero, J.A., Langone, J.A. & Prigioni, C.M. (1986) Anfibios colectados por la expedición del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Montevideo al Río Caura, Estado Bolivar, Venezuela; con la descripción de una nueva especie de Colostethus (Dendrobatidae). Comunicaciones Zoologicas del Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, 11, 1–15.
Santos, J.C., Coloma, L.A. & Cannatella, D.C. (2003) Multiple, recurring origins of aposematism and diet specialization in poison frogs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 100, 12792–12797.
Savage, J.M. & Heyer, W.R. (1967) Variation and distribution of the tree-frog genus Phyllomedusa in Costa Rica, Central America. Beiträge zur Neotropischen Fauna, 5, 111–131.
Savage, J.M. & Heyer, W.R. (1997) Digital webbing formulae for anurans: a refinement. Herpetological Review, 28, 131.
Vences, M., Kosuch, J., Lötters, S., Widmer, A., Jungfer, K-H., Köhler, J. & Veith, M. (2000) Phylogeny and classification of Poison Frogs (Amphibia: Dendrobatidae), based on mitochondrial 16S and 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15, 34–40.
Vences, M., Kosuch, J., Boistel, R., Haddad, C.F.B., La Marca, E., Lötters, S. & Veith, M. (2003) Convergent evolution of aposematic coloration in Neotropical poison frogs: a molecular phylogenetic perspective. Organisms Diversity and Evolution, 3, 215–226.
Wilkinson, L. (1997) SYSTAT 7.0. Statistics. SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois.