Abstract
The Palearctic and Oriental species of the genus Dexia Meigen are revised. Thirty-one described species are recognized as valid, viz. D. atripes (Malloch), D. basifera Walker, D. bivittata Townsend, D. caldwelli Curran, D. divergens Walker, D. extendens Walker, D. flavida (Townsend), D. flavipes Coquillett, D. fraseri (Malloch), D. fulvifera Röder, D. fusiformis Walker, D. gilva Mesnil, D. hainanensis Zhang, D. lepida Wiedemann, D. longipennis (Townsend), D. longipes (Townsend), D. luzonensis (Townsend), D. major (Malloch), D. maritima Kolomiets, D. montana (Baranov), D. monticola Malloch, D. rustica (Fabricius), D. seticincta Mesnil, D. subnuda (Malloch), Dexia sumatrensis (Townsend, 1926), status nov. (originally described as Eomyoceropsis sumatrensis Townsend, 1926 and here removed from synonymy with D. fulvifera), D. vacua (Fallén), D. velutina (Mesnil), D. ventralis Aldrich, D. vicina (Mesnil), D. violovitshi Kolomiets and D. vittata (Baranov). Five species are described as new to science: D. alticola Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., D. chaoi Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., D. chinensis Zhang et Chen, sp. nov., D. kurahashii Zhang et Shima, sp. nov., and D. tenuiforceps Zhang et Shima, sp. nov. Some species are newly recorded from Japan and Southeast and South Asian countries. A key to 36 species of Dexia is given and 96 diagnostic figures of the male terminalia are included.
References
Notes below citations are largely from O’Hara et. al. (2009) References that were not seen by us are marked with an asterisk (*).
Aldrich, J.M. (1925) New Diptera or two-winged flies in the United States National Museum. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 66 (Art. 28) [= No. 2555], 1–36.
Arnaud, P.H., Jr. (1978) A host–parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication, 1319, 860 pp.
Austen, E.E. (1907) XL.—The synonymy and generic position of certain species of Muscidae (sens. lat.) in the collection of the British Museum, described by the late Francis Walker. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 7, 19, 326–347.
Baranov, N. (1932) Zur Kenntnis der orientalischen Dexia–Ahnlichen Arten. (Dipt. Larvaevor.). Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 49, 212–216.
Baranov, N. (1952) A contribution to the study of the zoo-geographic relations of the Island Hokkaido (Japan). Pakistan Journal of Science, 4, 118–120.*
Barraclough, D.A. (1992) The systematics of the Australasian Dexiini (Diptera: Tachinidae: Dexiinae) with revisions of endemic genera. Invertebrate Taxonomy, 6, 1127– 371.
Bezzi, M. & Stein, P. (1907) Cyclorrapha Aschiza. Cyclorrapha Schizophora: Schizometopa, pp. 1–747. In: Becker, T., Bezzi, M., Kertész, K. & Stein, P. (eds.), Katalog der paläarktischen Dipteren. Band III. Budapest. 828 pp.
Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J.E. von (1889) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. IV. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars I. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 56 (1), 69–180 + 11 pls.
Brauer, F. & Bergenstamm, J.E. von (1893) Die Zweiflügler des Kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. VI. Vorarbeiten zu einer Monographie der Muscaria schizometopa (exclusive Anthomyidae). Pars III. F. Tempsky, Wien. 152 pp.
Chao, C.-M. & Liang, E.-Y. (1992) Tachinidae, pp. 719–810. In: Fan, Z.-D. (ed.), Key to the common flies of China. 2nd Edition. Science Press, Beijing. xlviii + 992 pp. + 40 pls. [In Chinese with English summary.]
Chao, C.-M. et al. (1998) Tachinidae, pp. 1661–2206 + pls. 1–30. In: Xue, W.-Q. & Chao, C.-M. (eds.), Flies of China. Vol. 2. Liaoning Science and Technology Press, Shenyang. 17 pp. + pp. 1366–2425 + 32 pls. [In Chinese with English summary.]
Chao, C.-M., Liang, E.-Y. & Zhou, S.-X. (2002) Diptera: Tachinidae, pp. 814–834. In: Huang, F.-S. (ed.), Forest insects of Hainan. Science Press, Beijing. xi + 1064 pp. + 31 pls. [In Chinese with English summary.]
Chao, C.-M., Liang, E.-Y. & Zhou, S.-X. (2009) Diptera: Tachinidae, pp. 555–820. In: Yang, D. (ed.), Fauna of Hebei, Diptera. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 11 + 863 pp. [In Chinese with English summary.]
Coquillett, D.W. (1898) Report on a collection of Japanese Diptera, presented to the U.S. National Museum by the Imperial University of Tokyo. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 [= No. 1146], 301–340.
Coquillett, D.W. (1910) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37 [= No. 1719], 499–647.
Crosskey, R.W. (1966) Generic assignment and synonymy of Wiedemann’s types of Oriental Tachinidae (Diptera). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 13, 8 [1965], 661–685.
Crosskey, R.W. (1967) New generic and specific synonymy in Oriental Tachinidae (Diptera). Proceedings of Royal Entomological Society. Series B. Taxonomy, 36, 95–108.
Crosskey, R.W. (1969) The type material of Indonesian Tachinidae (Diptera) in the Zoological Museum, Amsterdam. Beaufortia, 16, 87–107.
Crosskey, R.W. (1974) The British Tachinidae of Walker and Stephens (Diptera). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 30, 267–308.
Crosskey, R.W. (1976) A taxonomic conspectus of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the Oriental Region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Supplement, 26, 357 pp.
Crosskey, R.W. (1977) Tachinidae, pp. 586–697. In: Delfinado, M.D. & Hardy, D.E. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of the Oriental Region. Volume III. Suborder Cyclorrhapha (excluding Division Aschiza). The University Press of Hawaii, Honolulu. 854 pp.
Crosskey, R.W. (1980) Family Tachinidae, pp. 822–882. In: Crosskey, R.W. (ed.), Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London. 1437 pp.
Crosskey, R.W., Herting, B., Mesnil, L.P. & Wood, D.M. (1986) Dexia Meigen, 1826 (Insecta, Diptera): Proposed designation of Musca rustica Fabricius, 1775, as type species. Z.N. (S.) 2252. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 43, 282–287.
Curran, C.H. (1927) New Neotropical and Oriental Diptera in the American Museum of Natural History. AmericanMuseum Novitates, 245, 1–9.
Dear, J. P. & Crosskey, R.W. (1982) A taxonomic review of the Tachinidae (Insecta, Diptera) of the Philippines. Steenstrupia, 8, 105–155.
Emden, F.I. van (1954) Diptera Cyclorrhapha, Calyptrata (I), Section (a). Tachinidae and Calliphoridae. In: Handbooks for the identification of British insects. Royal Entomological Society of London, 10, Part 4, 133 pp.
Fabricius, I.C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorvm classes, ordines, genera, species, adjectis aynonymis, locis, descriptionibvs, observationibvs. Flensburg & Leipzig. 832 pp.
Fallén, C.F. (1817) Beskrifning öfver de i Sverige funna fluge arter, som kunna föras till slägtet Musca. Första afdelningen. Kongliga svenskaVetenskaps Academiens Nya Handlingar, Ser. 3, 1816, 226–254.
Guimarães, J.H. (1971) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). A catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States, 104, 333 pp.
Hao, J., Zhi, Y. & Zhang, C.-T. (2008) A list of Dexiini (Diptera, Tachinidae) from Shanghai Entomological Museum, CAS. Jourmal of Shenyang Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 26, 101–104.
Harris, M. (1780) An exposition of English insects, with curious observations and remarks, wherein each insect is particularly described; its parts and properties considered; the different sexes distinguished, and the natural history faithfully related. The whole illustrated with copper plates, drawn, engraved, and colored, by the author. Decad III. London. Pp. 73–99 + pls. 21–30. [Cont.]*
Herting, B. (1960) Biologie der westpaläarktischen Raupenfliegen. Dipt., Tachinidae. Monographien zur angewandte Entomologie, 16, 188 pp.
Herting, B. (1972) Typen exemplare der von Meigen (1824–1838) Beschriebenen Raupenfliegen (Dipt. Tachinidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie) 243, 1–15.
Herting, B. (1974) Revision der von Robineau-Desvoidy beschriebenen europäischen Tachiniden und Rhinophorinen. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 264, 1–46.
Herting, B. (1976) Revision der von Macquart beschriebenen paläarktischen Tachiniden und Rhinophorinen (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 289, 1–10.
Herting, B. (1984) Catalogue of Palearctic Tachinidae (Diptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 369, 1–228.
Herting, B. & Dely-Draskovits, Á. (1993) Family Tachinidae, pp. 118–458. In: Soós, Á. & Papp, L. (eds.), Catalogue of Palearctic Diptera. Volume 13. Anthomyiidae—Tachinidae. Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest. 624 pp.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1988) Opinion 1475. Dexia Meigen, 1826 (Insecta, Diptera): Musca rustica Fabricius, 1775 designated as the type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 45, 74–75.
Kolomiets, N.G. (1970) Parasitic Diptera of the genus Dexia Mg. (Diptera, Tachinidae) to the USSR fauna. Novye i maloizvestnye vidy fauny Sibiri, 3, 53–76. [In Russian with English summary.]
Lundbeck, W. (1927) Diptera Danica. Genera and species of flies hitherto found in Denmark. Part VII. Platypezidae, Tachinidae. G.E.C. Gad, Copenhagen. 560 + [11 (Index)] pp.
Macquart, J. (1834) Insectes diptères du nord de la France. Athéricères: créophiles, oestrides, myopaires, conopsaires, scénopiniens, céphalopsides. [Vol. 5.] L. Danel, Lille. 232 pp. + 6 pls.
Macquart, J. (1835) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Tome deuxième. Roret, Paris. 703 pp. + [2 or more pages depending on copy (Errata)].
Malloch, J.R. (1935) Exotic Muscaridae (Diptera).—XL. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Ser. 10, 16, 562–597.
McAlpine, J.F. (1981) Morphology and terminology—adults. Pp. 9–63. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. & Wood, D.M. (eds.), Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Volume 1. Agriculture Canada Monograph, 27, vi + 674 pp.
Meigen, J.W. (1826) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Fünfter Theil. Schulz, Hamm. xii + 412 pp. + pls. 42–54.
Mesnil, L.P. (1953) Nouveaux tachinaires d’Orient (1re partie). Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 89, 85–114.
Mesnil, L.P. (1980) 64f. Dexiinae. Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region, 9 (Lieferung 323), 1–52.
O’Hara, J.E. & Wood, D.M. (2004) Catalogue of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. Memoirs on Entomology, International, 18, iv + 410 pp.
O’Hara, J.E., Shima, H. & Zhang, C.-T. (2009) Annotated catalogue of the Tachinidae (Insecta: Diptera) of China. Zootaxa, 2190, 1–236.
Pandellé, L. (1896) Etudes sur les muscides de France. IIe partie. (Suite.) Revue d’Entomologie, 15, 1–230.
Richter, V.A. (2004) [Fam. Tachinidae—tachinids], pp. 148–398. In: Sidorenko, V.S. (ed.), Key to the insects of Russian Far East. Vol. VI. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part 3. Dal’nauka, Vladivostok. 659 pp. [In Russian.]
Richter, V.A. & Farinets, S.I. (1983) The 1st instar larvae of tachinids of the subfamily Dexiinae (Diptera, Tachinidae) of the USSR. (In Russian.) Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 62, 811–834. [English translation in Entomological Review, 62(4), 142–165.]
Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1830) Essai sur les myodaires. Mémoires présentés par divers Savans a l’Académie Royale des Sciences de l’Institut de France. Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques, Sér. 2, 2, 1–813.
Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1863a) Histoire naturelle des diptères des environs de Paris. Oeuvre posthume du Dr Robineau-Desvoidy publiée par les soins de sa famille, sous la direction de M. H. Monceaux. Tome premier. Masson et fils, Paris, Wagner, Leipzig, and Williams & Norgate, London. xvi + 1143 pp.
Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1863b) Histoire naturelle des diptères des environs de Paris. Oeuvre posthume du Dr Robineau-Desvoidy publiée par les soins de sa famille, sous la direction de M. H. Monceaux. Tome second. Masson et fils, Paris, Wagner, Leipzig, and Williams & Norgate, London. 920 pp.
Röder, V. von (1893) Enumeratio dipterorum, quae H. Fruhstorfer in parte meridionali insulae Ceylon legit. Entomologische Nachrichten, 19, 234–236.*
Rondani, C. (1862) Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol. V. Species Italicae ordinis Dipterorum in genera characteribus definita, ordinatim collectae, methodo analitica distinctae et novis vel minus cognitis descriptis. Pars quarta. Muscidae. Phasiinae—Dexinae—Muscinae—Stomoxidinae. A. Stocchi, Parmae. 239 pp.
Sabrosky, C.W. & Arnaud, P.H., Jr. (1965) Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae), pp. 961–1108. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J.R. (eds.), A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. United States Department of Agriculture. Agriculture Handbook 276. iv + 1696 pp.
Sabrosky, C.W. & Crosskey, R.W. (1969) The type material of Tachinidae (Diptera) described by N. Baranov. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). Entomology, 24, 27–63.
Sabrosky, C.W. (1999) Family group names in Diptera. An annotated catalog. Myia, 10, 1–360.
Schiner, I.R. (1861) Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Nach der analytischen Methode bearbeitet, mit der Charakteristik sämmtlicher europäischer Gattungen, der Beschreibung aller in Deutschland vorkommenden Arten und der Aufzählung aller bisher beschriebenen europäischen Arten. Theil I. Heft 6/7. C. Gerold’s Sohn, Wien. Pp. 441–656.
Shi, Y.-S. (2004) Diptera: Asilidae, Calliphoridae, Anthomyiidae, Scatophagidae, Celyphidae, Muscidae and Tachinidae, pp. 87–92. In: Yang, X.-K. (chief ed.), Insects of the Great Yarlung Zangbo Canyon of Xizang, China. China Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 339 pp. + 12 pls. [In Chinese with English summary.]
Shima, H. (1989) Tachinidae, pp. 857–873. In: Hirashima, Y. (ed.), A check list of Japanese insects. Entomology Laboratory, Agricultural Faculty, Kyushu University and Research Center of Japanese Wild Living. Volumes I, II and Index. 1767 pp. [In Japanese.]
Sinclair, B.J. (2000) 1.2. Morphology and terminology of Diptera male terminalia, pp. 53–74. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B. (eds.), Contribution to a Manual of Palearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Volume 1. General and applied dipterology. Science Herald, Budapest. 978 pp.
Stein, P. (1924) Die verbreitetsten Tachiniden Mitteleuropas nach ihren Gattungen und Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte. Abteilung A, 90 (6), 1–271.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1925) Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag Nr. 8). Calirrhoinae (Dipt. muscoidea). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 14, 250–251.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1926a) Fauna sumatrensis. (Beitrag Nr. 25). Diptera Muscoidea II. Supplementa Entomologica, 14, 14–42.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1926b) New muscoid flies of the Oriental, Australian, and African faunas. Philippine Journal of Science, 29, 529–544.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1927) New muscoid flies in the collection of the Deutsches Entomologisches Institut in Berlin. Entomologische Mitteilungen, 16, 277–287.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1928) New Muscoidea from the Philippines Region. Philippine Journal of Science, 34 [1927], 365–397.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1936) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part IV. Oestroid classification and habits. Dexiidae and Exoristidae. Privately published, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. 303 pp.
Townsend, C.H.T. (1938) Manual of myiology in twelve parts. Part VII. Oestroid generic diagnoses and data. Gymnosomatini to Senostomatini. Privately published, Itaquaquecetuba, São Paulo. 434 pp.
Tschorsnig, H.-P. (1985) Taxonomie forstlich wichtiger Parasiten: Untersuchungen zur Struktur des männlichen Postabdomens der Raupenfliegen (Diptera, Tachinidae). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie A (Biologie), 383, 1–137.
Tschorsnig, H.–P. & Herting, B. (1994) Die Raupenfliegen (Diptera: Tachinidae) Mitteleuropas: Bestimmungstabellen und Angaben zur Verbreitung und Ökologie der einzelnen Arten. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A (Biologie), 506, 1–170.
Tschorsnig, H.–P. & Richter V.A. (1998) Family Tachinidae. Pp. 691–827. In: Papp, L. and Darvas, B., (eds.), Contributions to a Manual of Palearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Volume 3. Higher Brachycera. Science Herald, Budapest. 880 pp.
Walker, F. (1849) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part IV. London. Pp. 689–1172.
Walker, F. (1856a) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Singapore and Malacca, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology, 1 [1857], 4–39 + pls. I–II.
Walker, F. (1856b) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology, 1 [1857], 105–136.
Walker, F. (1859) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Makessar in Celebes, by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with descriptions of new species. [Cont.] Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology, 4 [1860], 97–144.
Walker, F. (1861) Catalogue of the dipterous insects collected at Manado in Celebes, and in Tond by Mr. A.R. Wallace, with description of new species. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London. Zoology, 5, 258–270.
Westwood, J.O. (1840) Order XIII. Diptera Aristotle. (Antliata Fabricius. Halteriptera Clairv.), pp. 125–154. In his: Synopsis of the genera of British insects. 158 pp. In his: An introduction to the modern classification of insects; founded on the natural habits and corresponding organisation of the different families. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London.*
Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1830) Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Als Fortsetzung des Meigenschen Werkes. Zweiter Theil. Schulz, Hamm. xii + 684 pp. + 5 pls.
Wulp, F.M. van der (1881) Negende afdeeling. Diptera. 60 pp. + 3 pls. In: Midden-Sumatra. Reizen en onderzoekingen der Sumatra-Expeditie, uitgerust door het Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1877–1879, beschreven door de leden der expeditie, onder toezicht van Prof. P.J. Veth. Vierde deel. Natuurlijke historie. Eerste gedeelte. Fauna. Laatste helft. E.J. Brill, Leiden.*
Wulp, F.M. van der (1896) Catalogue of the described Diptera from South Asia. Dutch Entomological Society, The Hague. 219 pp.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1844) Diptera Scandinaviae. Disposita et descripta. Tomus tertius. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [=Lund]. Pp. 895–1280.
Zetterstedt, J.W. (1859) Diptera Scandinaviae. Disposita et descripta. Tomus tridecimus seu Supplementum quartum, continens addenda, corrigenda & emendanda tomis duodecim prioribus, una cum conspectu omnium generum. Officina Lundbergiana, Lundae [= Lund]. xvi + pp. 4943–6190.
Zhang, C.-T. (2005) A new species of the genus Dexia Meigen from Hainan, China (Diptera, Tachinidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 30, 436–439.
Zhang, C.-T., Pang, Y. & Chao, C.-M. (2005) Tachinid flies of Guangdong, China (Diptera: Tachinidae), pp. 297–306. In: Ren, G.-D., Zhang, R.-Z. & Shi, F.-M. (chief eds.), Classification and diversity of insects in China. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 402 pp. [In Chinese with English abstract.]
Zhang, C.-T. & Shima, H. (2004) Taxonomic study of Dexia Meigen from China (Diptera: Tachinidae). Journal of Shenyang Normal University (Natural Science), 22, 49–56.
Zhang, C.-T., Shima, H., Chao, C.-M. & Pang, H. (2004) [Catalogue of Chinese Dexiini (Diptera, Tachinidae)], pp.127–132. In: Li, D.-M. et al. (eds.), [Proceedings of Contemporary Entomology. Issues of the 60th Anniversary of the founding of the Entomological Society of China]. Chinese Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. 753 pp. [In Chinese.]
Ziegler, J. & Shima, H. (1996) Tachinid flies of the Ussuri area (Diptera: Tachinidae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 46, 379–478.
Ziegler, J. (1998) Die Morphologie der Puparien und der larvalen Cephalopharyngealskelette der Raupenfliegen (Diptera, Tachinidae) und ihre phylogenetische Bewertung. Studia Dipterologica. Supplement, 3, 244 pp.
Zimin, L.S., Zinov’eva, K.B. & Shtakel’berg, A.A. (1969) 114. Family Tachinidae (Larvaevoridae). In: Bei–Bienko, G.Y. (ed.), Keys to the insects of the European part of the USSR. Volume V. Diptera and Siphonaptera. Part II. The Institute of Zoology, Academy of Sciences, USSR, Nauka Publishers, Leningrad. English translation (1988) Smithsonian Institution Libraries and National Science Foundation, Washington, pp. 1111–1310.