Abstract
To date, approximately 190 species of terrestrial isopods are known from Brazil and only 14 are considered troglobiotic. After the examination of a large collection from caves in Bambuí and Una geomorphological areas, along the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Goiás, two new troglobiotic species were recognized. Pectenoniscus liliae Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. (Styloniscidae) is described from Serra do Ramalho karst area, and Benthana xiquinhoi Campos-Filho, Bichuette & Taiti sp. n. (Philosciidae) from sandstone caves of Chapada Diamantina region. The latter constitutes the second troglomorphic species of the genus. Xangoniscus aganju (Styloniscidae) is also recorded from two caves in the Serra do Ramalho karst area. The systematic position of Iuiuniscus iuiuensis is briefly discussed and Venezillo congener (Armadillidae) is redescribed from São Domingos karst area.
References
Ab’Saber, A.N. (1977) Os domínios morfoclimáticos na América do Sul. Primeira aproximação. Geomorfologia, 52, 1–21.
Alvares, C.A., Stape, J.L., Sentelhas, P.C., Gonçalves, J.L.M. & Sparovek, G. (2014) Köppen’s climate classification map for Brazil. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 22 (6), 711–728.
https://doi.org/10.1127/0941-2948/2013/0507
Andersson, Å. (1960) South American terrestrial isopods in the collection of the Swedish State Museum of Natural History. Arkiv för Zoologi, 12, 537–570.
Araujo, P.B. & Buckup, L. (1994) Two new species of terrestrial Isopoda from southern Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Spixiana, 17, 269–274.
Araujo, P.B. & Lopes, E.R. (2003) Three new species of Benthana Budde-Lund (Isopoda, ‘Philosciidae’) from Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 37 (20), 2425–2439.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930210154513
Arcangeli, A. (1957) I generi Diploexochus, Venezillo, Paramardillo [sic] (Crostacei Isopodi terrestri). Bollettino dell’Istituto e Museo di Zoologia dell’Università di Torino, 5, 101–142.
Auler, A.S. (2002) Karst areas in Brazil and the potential for major caves—an overview. Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología, 36, 29–35.
Auler, A.S. (2004) South America. In: Gunn, J. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Cave and Karst Science. Taylor and Francis, New York, pp. 53–57.
Auler, A.S. (2017) Hypogene Caves and Karst of South America. In: Klimchouk, A., Palmer, A.N., Waele, J.D., Auler, A.S. & Andra, P. (Eds.), Hypogene Karst Regions and Caves of the World. Cave and Karst Systems of the World. Springer, Cham, pp. 817–826.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53348-3_55
Auler, A.S. & Farrant, R. (1996) A brief introduction to karst and caves in Brazil. Proceedings of the University of Bristol Spelaeological Society, 20, 187–200.
Auler, A.S., Rubbioli, E. & Brandi, R. (2001) As grandes cavernas do Brasil. Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas, Belo Horizonte, 228 pp.
Barnard, K. (1932) Contribution to the fauna of South Africa. 11. Terrestrial Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum, 30, 179–388.
Bastos-Pereira, R., Souza, L.A. & Ferreira, R.L. (2017) A new amphibious troglobitic styloniscid from Brazil (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Synocheta). Zootaxa, 4294 (2), 292–300.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4294.2.11
Boyko, C.B., Bruce, N.L., Hadfield, K.A., Merrin, K.L., Ota, Y., Poore, G.C.B., Taiti, S., Schotte, M. & Wilson, G.D.F. (2008) World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928. Available from: http://marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=249464/ (accessed on 24 April 2018)
Brandt, J.F. (1833) Conspectus Monographiae Crustaceorum Oniscodorum Latreillii. Byulleten Moskovskogo Obshchestva Ispŷtateleĭ Prirodŷ, 6, 171–193, pl. 4.
BRASIL (1990) Decreto-Lei n°. 99.556, de 1° de outubro de 1990. Dispõe sobre a proteção das cavidades naturais subterrâneas existentes no território nacional, e dá outras providências. Brasília: Diário Oficial [da República Federatica do Brasil]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/decreto/1990-1994/D99556.htm (accessed 10 April 2018)
BRASIL (2008) Decreto-Lei n°. 6640, de 7 de novembro de 2008. Dá nova redação aos arts. 1°, 2°, 3°, 4° e 5° e acrescenta os arts. 5–A e 5–B ao Decreto no 99.556, de 1° de outubro de 1990, que dispõe sobre a proteção das cavidades naturais subterrâneas existentes no território nacional. Brasília: Diário Oficial [da República Federatica do Brasil]. Available from: http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6640.htm (accessed 10 April 2018)
Budde-Lund, G. (1885) Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria per Familias et Genera et Species Descripta. Nielsen & Lydiche, Copenhagen, 319 pp. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938609460114
Budde-Lund, G. (1904) Spherilloninae. Armadillo. In: A revision of Crustacea Isopoda terrestria, with additions and illustrations. H. Hagerup, Copenhagen, pp. 33–144, pls 6–10.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9883
Budde-Lund, G. (1908) Isopoda von Madagaskar und Ostafrika mit Diagnosen verwandter Arten. In: Voeltzkow, A. (Ed.), Reise in Ostafrika in den Jahren 1903–1905. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse, Stuttgart, pp. 265–308, pls 12–18.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.12989
Budde-Lund, G. (1909) Zoologische und anthropologische Ergebnisse im westlichen und zentralen Südafrika, vol. 2, IX. Isopoden (I), Land-Isopoden. Denkschr med-naturwiss Ges Jena, 14, 53–70, pls 5–7.
Campos-Filho, I.S. & Araujo, P.B. (2011) Two new troglobitic species of Scleropactidae (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Pará, Brazil. Nauplius, 19, 27–39.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-64972011000100004
Campos-Filho, I.S., Araujo, P.B., Bichuette, M.E., Trajano, E. & Taiti, S. (2014) Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 172, 360–425.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12172
Campos-Filho, I.S., Bichuette, M.E., Montesanto, G., Araujo, P.B. & Taiti, S. (2017a) The first troglobiotic species of the family Pudeoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea), with descriptions of a new genus and two new species. Subterranean Biology, 23, 69–84.
https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.23.20963
Campos-Filho, I.S., Bichuette, M.E. & Taiti, S. (2016) Three new species of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. Nauplius, 24, e2016001.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2016001Campos-Filho, I.S., Cardoso, G.M. & Aguiar, J.O. (2018a) Catalog of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil: an update with some considerations. Nauplius, 26, e2018038.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2018038.
Campos-Filho, I.S., Cardoso, G.M. & Aguiar, J.O. (2018b) A new species of Novamundoniscus Schultz, 1995 (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Dubioniscidae) from the state of Tocantins, Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 58, e20185860.
https://doi.org/10.11606/1807-0205/2018.58.60
Campos-Filho, I.S., Fernandes, C.S., Bichuette, M.E., Aguiar, J.O. & Taiti, S. (2018c) Contributions to the terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves. ARPHA Conference Abstracts, 1, e30040.
https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.1.e30040
Campos-Filho, I.S., Montesanto, G., Araujo, P.B. & Taiti, S. (2017b) New species and new records of terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Brazil. Iheringia, Série Zoologia, 107, e2017034.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017034
Campos-Filho, I.S., Taiti, S. & Araujo, P.B. (2015) Taxonomic revision of the genus Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae). Zootaxa, 4022 (1), 1–73.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4022.1.1
CECAV—Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas (2015) Base de dados Eoespacializados das cavernas do Brasil. Available from: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/cecav/downloads/mapas.html (accessed 10 April 2018)
Costa, S.L.N., Campos-Filho, I.S. & Araujo, P.B. (2014) New species and new records of Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Philosciidae) from southern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos Zoologia, 54 (14), 169–176.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0031-1049.2014.54.13
CPRM. (2015) Serviço Geológico do Brasil (Geological Survey of Brazil). Available from: http://geobank.sa.cprm.gov.br/ (accessed July 2017)
Fernandes, C.S., Campos-Filho, I.S. & Bichuette, M.E. (2018) Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeasthern Brazil. Zootaxa, 4461 (3), 411–420.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4464.3.6
Ferrara, F. (1974) On some terrestrial isopods from Tanzania. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 5, 309–324.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1974.10736804
Ferrara, F., Paoli, P. & Taiti, S. (1994) Philosciids with pleopodal lungs? The case of the genus Aphiloscia Budde-Lund, 1908 (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea), with description of six new species. Journal of Natural History, 26 (6), 1231–1264. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770631
Ferrara, F. & Taiti, S. (1982) On two genera of Eubelidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) from eastern Africa: Aethiopopactes and Oropactes n. gen.. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento, 16, 205–217.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00269786.1982.11758565
Gallão, J.E. & Bichuette, M.E. (2015) Taxonomic distinctness and conservation of a new high biodiversity subterranean area in Brazil. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 87 (1), 209–217.
http://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201520140312
Gallão, J.E. & Bichuette, M.E. (2018) Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment. ZooKeys, 746, 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.746.15140
Jansen, D.C., Cavalcanti, L.F. & Lamblém, H.S. (2012) Mapa de potencialidade de ocorrência de cavernas no Brasil, na escala 1:2.500.000. Revista Brasileira de Espeleologia, 2 (1), 42–57.
Jeppesen, P. (2000) Catalogue of terrestrial isopod taxa and type material described by Gustav Budde-Lund (Crustacea: Isopoda). Steenstrupia, 25, 221–265.
Karmann, I. & Sánchez, L.E. (1979) Distribuição das rochas carbonáticas e províncias espeleológicas do Brasil. Espeleo-Tema, 13, 105–167.
Kashani, G.M. (2014) Description of two new species and redescription of one species of agnarid terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea, Agnaridae) from western Iran. ZooKeys, 440, 45–56.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.440.7407
Kashani, G.M. (2016) First record of the genus Agnara (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran with descriptions of two new species. Journal of Natural History, 50 (33–34), 2143–2152.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1193645
Kinahan, J. (1857) Analysis of certain allied genera of terrestrial isopods; with description of a new genus, and a detailed list of the British species of Ligia, Philougria, Philoscia, Porcellio, Oniscus and Armadillium [sic]. Natural History Review, 4, 258–282.
Kuchenbecker, M., Reis, H.L.S. & Fragoso, D.N.C. (2011) Caracterização estrutural e considerações sobre a evolução tectônica da Formação Salitre na porção central da Bacia de Irecê, norte do Cráton do São Francisco (BA). Geonomos, 19 (2), 42–49.
https://doi.org/10.18285/geonomos.v19i2.40
Latreille, P.A. (1804) Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. In: Sonnini, C.S. (Ed.), Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière, des Crustacés et Insectes: ouvrage faisant suite aux oeuvres de Leclerc de Buffon, et partie du Cours complet d’Histoire naturelle. Vol. VII. L’Imprimeria de F. Dufart, Paris, pp. 1–413, pls. 58–66.
Leistikow, A. & Araujo, P.B. (2001) Morphology of respiratory organs in South American Oniscidea (“Philosciidae”). Crustacean Issues, 13, 329–336.
Lemos de Castro, A. (1958) Revisão do gênero Benthana Budde-Lund, 1908 (Isopoda, Oniscidae). Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 44, 85–118.
Lima, M.I. & Serejo, C.S. (1993) A new species of Benthana Budde-Lund from Brazilian caves (Crustacea; Isopoda; Oniscoidea). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 106, 490–496.
Mattox, G.M.T., Bichuette, M.E., Secutti, S. & Trajano, E. (2008) Surface and subterranean ichthyofauna in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, northeastern Brazil, with updated lists of Brazilian troglobitic and troglophilic fishes. Biota Neotroprica, 8 (4).
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000400014
Montesanto, G. (2015) A fast GNU method to draw accurate scientific illustrations for taxonomy. ZooKeys, 515, 191–206.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9459
Montesanto, G. (2016) Drawing setae: a GNU way for digital scientific illustrations. Nauplius, 24, e2016017.
http://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2016017
Mulaik, S. (1960) Contribución al conocimiento de los isópodos terrestres de Mexico (Isopoda, Oniscoidea). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 21, 79–292.
Nimer, E. (1989) Climatologia do Brasil. SUPREN, Rio de Janeiro, 421 pp.
Paoli, P., Ferrara, F. & Taiti, S. (2002) Morphology and evolution of the respiratory apparatus in the family Eubelidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Journal of Morphology, 253, 272–289.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10008
Schmalfuss, H. (1984) Eco-morphological strategies in terrestrial isopods. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 53, 49–63.
Schmalfuss, H. (2003) World catalog of terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscidea). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A, 654, 1–341.
Schmidt, C. (2002) Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 1 (Olibrinidae to Scyphacidae s. str.). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 78, 275–352. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.20020780207
Schmidt, C. (2003) Contribution to the phylogenetic system of the Crinocheta (Crustacea, Isopoda). Part 2 (Oniscoidea to Armadillidiidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe, 79, 3–179.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.20030790102Schmidt, C. (2008) Phylogeny of the Terrestrial Isopoda (Oniscidea): a Review. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny, 62 (2), 191–226.
Schultz, G.A. (1982) Terrestrial isopod crustaceans (Oniscoidea) from Mulu Caves, Sarawak, Borneo. Journal of Natural History, 16, 101–117.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770081
Sfenthourakis, S. & Taiti, S. (2015) Patterns of taxonomic diversity among terrestrial isopods. ZooKeys, 515, 13–25.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9332
Souza, L.A., Bezerra, A.V. & Araújo, J.P. (2006) The first troglobitic species of Scleropactidae from Brazil (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea). Subterranean Biology, 4, 37–43.
Souza, L.A., Ferreira, R.L. & Senna, A.R. (2015) Amphibious shelter-builder Oniscidea species from the New World with description of a new subfamily, a new genus and a new species from Brazilian Cave (Isopoda, Synocheta, Styloniscidae). PLoS ONE, 10 (5), e0115021.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115021
Souza-Kury, L.A. (1998) Malacostraca. Peracarida. Isopoda. Oniscidea. In: Young, P. (Ed.), Catalogue of Crustacea of Brazil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 653–674.
Tabacaru, I. & Giurginca, A. 2013. Cavernicolous Oniscidea of Romania. Travaux de l'Institut de Spéologie “Émile Racovitza”, 52, 3–26.
Taiti, S. (2004) Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea (woodlice). In: Gunn, J. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of caves and karst science. Fitzroy Dearborn, Taylor and Francis Group, New York, pp. 547–551.
Taiti, S. (2014) New subterranean Armadillidae (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea) from Western Australia. Tropical Zoology, 27 (4), 153–165.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2014.984510
Taiti, S., Argano, R., Marcia, P., Scarpa, F., Sanna, D. & Casu, M. (2018) The genus Alpioniscus Racovitza, 1908 in Sardinia: taxonomy and natural history (Isopoda, Oniscidea, Trichoniscidae). In: Hornung, E., Taiti, S. & Szlavecz, K. (Eds.), Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys, 801, 229–263.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24102
Taiti, S. & Ferrara, F. (1985) Biospeleology of Somalia. Two new species of terrestrial isopoda (Crustacea Oniscidea) from Mugdile and Showli Berdi caves. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, Supplemento, 20 (1), 341–349.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1985.10736703
Taiti, S. & Ferrara, F. (1987) Contributions to the knowledge of the mountain fauna of Malawi. 6. Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea). Revue de Zoologie Africaine, 101, 69–102.
Taiti, S. & Gruber, G.A. (2008) Cave-dwelling terrestrial isopods from Southern China (Crustacea, Isopoda, Oniscidea), with descriptions of four new species. In: Latella, L. & Zorzin, R. (Eds), Research in South China karsts. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Monografie Naturalistiche, 3, 101–123.
Taiti, S. & Gruber, G.A. (2010) The genus Tuberillo Schultz 1982 (Crustacea Oniscidea Armadillidae) with descriptions of four new species. Tropical Zoology, 23, 205–230.
Taiti, S. & Montesanto, G. (2018). New species of subterranean and endogean terrestrial isopods (Crustacea, Oniscidea) from Tuscany (central Italy). Zoosystema, 40 (11), 197–226.
https://doi.org/10.5252/zoosystema2018v40a11
Taiti, S. & Wynne, J.J. (2015) The terrestrial Isopoda (Crustacea, Oniscidea) of Rapa Nui (Easter Island), with descriptions of two new species. Zookeys, 515, 27–49.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.515.9477
Taiti, S. & Xue, Z. (2012) The cavernicolous genus Trogloniscus nomem novum, with descriptions of four new species from southern China (Crustacea, Oniscidea, Styloniscidae). Tropical Zoology, 25 (4), 183–209.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03946975.2012.751240
Trajano, E., Gallão J.E. & Bichuette, M.E. (2016) Spots of high diversity of troglobites in Brazil: the challenge of measuring subterranean diversity. Biodiversity and Conservation, 25, 1805–1828.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-016-1151-5
Trajano, E., Secutti, S. & Bichuette, M.E. (2009) Natural history and population data of fishes in caves of the Serra do Ramalho karst area, Middle São Francisco basin, northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 9 (1), 129–133.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032009000100015
Van Name, W. (1936) The American land and freshwater isopod Crustacea. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 71, 1–535.
http://hdl.handle.net/2246/1185
Vandel, A. (1952a) Les trichoniscides (Crustacés—Isopodes) de l’hémisphère austral. Leur place systématique, leur intérêt biogéographique. Mémoires du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Serie A, 6, 1–116.
Vandel, A. (1952b) Étude des isopodes terrestres récoltés au Vénézuela par le Dr. G. Marcuzzi. Memorie del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, 3, 59–203.
Vilela, E.F., Kudo, H. & Loureiro, M.C. (1971) Oniscóides de Dourados; Estado de Mato Grosso (Crustacea, Isopoda). Seiva, 31, 183–189.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1917) Zur Kenntnis und Entwicklung der Trachealsysteme und der Untergattungen von Porcellio und Tracheoniscus (Über Isopoden, 22. Aufsatz). Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin, 1917 (3), 195–223.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1928) Über einige Isopoden der Zoologischen Staatssammlung in München. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 76, 25–36, 113–123.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1930) Über Isopoden aus Turkestan. 42. Isopoden-Aufsatz. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 91 (5–8), 101–125.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1942) Äthiopische Isopoda terrestria der Hamburger Zoologischen Museums. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 140, 1–163.
WoRMS—World Register of Marine Species. (2008) Oniscidea. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146505 (accessed 24 April 2018)