Abstract
-References
Bamber, R.N. (2007) A holistic re-interpretation of the phylogeny of the Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810 (Arthropoda). In: Zhang, Z.-Q & Shear, W.A. (Eds), Linnean Tercentenary. Progress in invertebrate taxonomy. Zootaxa, 1668, 295–312.
Bamber, R.N. & El Nagar, A. (Eds) (2011) Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database at http://www.marinespecies.org/pycnobase
Broili, F. (1930) Über ein neues exemplar von Palaeopantopus. Sitzungsberichte der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften (Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Abteilung), 1930, 209–214.
Dohrn, A., (1881) Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeresabschnitte. Monographie der Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 3, 1–252 ; pls I–XVIII.
Dubinin, V.R. (1957) On the orientation of the cephalic end of the Devonian pycnogonids of the genus Palaeoisopus and their systematic position in the Arthropoda. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 117, 881–884. [In Russian.]
Fry, W.G. (1978) A classification within the pycnogonids. In, Sea Spiders (Pycnogonida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 63, 35–58.
Gerstäcker, C.E.A. (1863) Pantopoda. In: J.V. Carus & C.E.A. Gerstäcker (Eds), Handbuch der Zoologie, 2, 248–350.
Hedgpeth, J.W. (1950) Pycnogonida of the United States Navy Antarctic Expedition, 1947-48. Proceedings of the Unites States National Museum, 100 (3260), 147–160.
Hedgpeth, J.W. (1955) Pycnogonida. In: R. C. Moore (Ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology, (P) Arthropoda, 2, 163–170; 117–122. New York: Geological Society of America.
Hedgpeth, J.W. (1978) A reappraisal of the Palaeopantopoda with description of a species from the Jurassic. In: Sea Spiders (Pycnogonida). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 63, 23–24.
Hilton, W.A. (1942) Pantopoda (continued). 11. Family Callipallenidae. Journal of Entomology and Zoology of Pomona College, 34, 38–41.
Hodgson, T.V. (1907) Pycnogonida. National Antarctic Expedition 1901–1904. Reports of the National Antarctic Expedition of 1901–1904, Natural History, 3, 1–72; 10 pls.
Hoek, P.P.C. (1881) Report on the Pycnogonida dredged by HMS Challenger 1873–76. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of HMS Challenger, 3 (10), 1–167; 21 pls.
Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considérations Générales sur I'Ordre Naturel des Animaux composant les Classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes, 39, 107, 115. Paris.
Norman, A.M. (1908) The Podosomata (= Pycnogonida) of the temperate Atlantic and Arctic Ocean. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 30, 198–238; pls XXIX, XXX.
Pocock, G. (1904) Arachnida. Encyclopedia Britannica. 10th ed.
Pushkin A.F. 1990. Hedgpethiidae, a new family of Pycnogonida. Trudy Zoologicheskova Instituta, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, 218: 36-39.
Sars, G.O. (1891) Pycnogonidea. Norwegian North-Atlantic Expedition, 1876–1878, 6 (Zool. 20), 1–163; pls I–XV, 1 map.
Stock, J.H. (1954) Pycnogonida from Indo-West-Pacific, Australian and New Zealand waters. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen's Pacific Expedition 1914–1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjøbenhavn, 116, 1–168.
Thompson, W. D'Arcy (1909) Pycnogonida. In: S. F. Harmer & B. E. Shipley (Eds), The Cambridge Natural History, 501–542. London: Macmillan.
Wilson, E.B. (1878) Synopsis of the Pycnogonida of New England. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts & Sciences, 5, 1–26.