Abstract
Succinoraphidia radioni sp. nov. (Raphidiidae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. The genus also includes two species from contemporaneous Baltic amber, i.e., S. exhibens Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 and S. baltica (Carpenter, 1957), comb. nov. The venation of Succinoraphidia is analysed. It possesses several plesiomorphic character states at the family level, and the monotypic subfamily Succinoraphidinae represents a basal group within the family or possibly even a potential stem group of Raphidiidae. All diagnostic character states of Succinoraphidia (except the structure of the pterostigma) are found in a few Cretaceous species of the paraphyletic Mesoraphidiidae, but some of these are not found in the extant Raphidiidae.
References
Aspöck, H. (1968) Ein weiteres neues Subgenus der Gattung Raphidia Linnaeus, 1758. Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 65.
Aspöck, H. & Aspöck, U. (1965) Zur Kenntnis der Raphidiiden von Südosteuropa und Kleinasien (Mit kritischen Bemerkungen zur Klassifikation der Familie). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 68, 309–364.
Aspöck, H. & Aspöck, U. (1968) Vorläufige Mitteilung zur generischen Klassifizierung der Raphidiodea (Insecta, Neuroptera). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 53–64.
Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Martynova, O.M. (1968) Neue Arten der Gattung Raphidia L. (Insecta, Raphidiodea) aus der Sowjet-Union (Vorläufige Beschreibung). Entomologisches Nachrichtenblatt, Wien, 15, 86–89.
Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Martynova, O.M. (1969) Untersuchungen ueber die Raphidiiden-Fauna der Sowjet-Union (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 112, 123–164.
Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Rausch, H. (1982) Drei neue Raphidiiden-Spezies aus Anatolien (Neuropteroidea: Raphidioptera). Nachrichtenblatt der Bayerischen Entomologen, 31, 78–90.
Aspöck, H., Aspöck, U. & Rausch, H. (1991) Die Raphidiopteren der Erde. Eine monographische Darstellung der Systematik, Taxonomie, Biologie, Ökologie und Chorologie der rezenten Raphidiopteren der Erde, mit einer zusammenfassenden Übersicht der fossilen Raphidiopteren (Insecta: Neuropteroidea). Vols. 1 & 2. Goecke & Evers, Krefeld, 730 & 550 pp.
Aspöck, U. & Aspöck, H. (2004) Two significant new snakeflies from Baltic amber, with discussion on autapomorphies of the order and its included taxa (Raphidioptera). Systematic Entomology, 29, 11–19.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2004.00245.x
Bechly, G. & Wolf-Schwenninger, K. (2011) A new fossil genus and species of snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae) from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber, with a discussion of snakefly phylogeny and fossil history. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 42, 221–236.
https://doi.org/10.1163/187631211x568164
Carpenter, F.M. (1936) Revision of the Nearctic Raphidiodea (recent and fossil). Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Science, 71, 89–157, 2 pls.
Carpenter, F.M. (1957) The Baltic amber snake-flies (Neuroptera). Psyche, 63 (for 1956), 77–81.
Cockerell, T.D.A. (1907) Some fossil arthropods from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 23, 605–616.
Engel, M.S. (2002) The smallest snakefly (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae): a new species in Cretaceous amber from Myanmar, with a catalog of fossil snakeflies. American Museum Novitates, 3363, 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0082(2002)363%3C0001:TSSRMA%3E2.0.CO;2
Engel, M.S. (2009) A Miocene snakefly from Stewart Valley, Nevada (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 112, 211–214.
https://doi.org/10.1660/062.112.0409
Engel, M.S. (2011) A new snakefly from the Eocene Green River Formation (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae). Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 114, 77–87.
https://doi.org/10.1660/062.114.0107
Engel, M.S. & Grimaldi, D.A. (2007) The Neuropterid fauna of Dominican and Mexican amber (Neuropterida: Megaloptera, Neuroptera). American Museum Novitates, 3587, 1–58.
Engel, M.S. & Grimaldi, D.A. (2008) Diverse Neuropterida in Cretaceous amber, with particular reference to the paleofauna of Myanmar (Insecta). Nova Supplementa Entomologica, 20, 1–86.
Grimaldi, D.A. (2000) A diverse fauna of Neuropterodea in amber from the Cretaceous of New Jersey. In: Grimaldi, D.A. (Ed.), Studies on Fossil in Amber, with Particular Reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 259–303.
Handlirsch, A. (1910) Canadian fossil insects. 5. Insects from the Tertiary lake deposits of the Southern Interior of British Columbia collected by Mr. M. Lawrence Lambe, in 1906. In: Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology. Vol. II. Part III. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of Canada, 12-P, pp. 93–129.
Keilbach, R. (1982) Bibliographie und Liste der Arten tierischer Einschlüsse in fossilen Harzen sowie ihrer Aufbewahrungsorte. Teil 1. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 29, 129–286.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19820290121
Larsson, S.G. (1978) Baltic amber—a palaeobiogical study. Entomonograph, vol. 1. Scandinavian Science Press, Klampenborg, 192 pp.
Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considérations générales sur l’ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides et des Insectes; avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genre disposés en famille. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp.
Legalov, A.A., Nazarenko, V.Y. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) A new genus of fungus weevils (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) in Rovno amber. Fossil Record, 21, 207–212.
https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-207-2018
Liu, X.Y., Lu, X.M. & Zhang, W.W. (2016) New genera and species of the minute snakeflies (Raphidioptera: Mesoraphidiidae: Nanoraphidiini) from the mid Cretaceous of Myanmar. Zootaxa, 4103 (4), 301–324.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4103.4.1
Liu, X.Y., Ren, D. & Yang, D. (2014) New transitional fossil snakeflies from China illuminate the early evolution of Raphidioptera. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, 84.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-84
Makarkin, V.N. & Archibald, S.B. (2014) A revision of the late Eocene snakeflies (Raphidioptera) of the Florissant Formation, Colorado, with special reference to the wing venation of the Raphidiomorpha. Zootaxa, 3784 (4), 401–444.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.4.4
Mänd, K., Muehlenbachs, K., McKellar, R.C., Wolfe, A.P. & Konhauser, K. (2018) Distinct origins for Rovno and Baltic ambers: Evidence from carbon and hydrogen stable isotopes. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 505, 265–273.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.06.004Monserrat, V.J. & Papenberg, D. (2006) Revisión del género Harraphidia Steinmann, 1963 con la descripción de dos nuevas especies de la península Ibérica y de Marruecos (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Graellsia, 62, 203–222.
https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2006.v62.i2.67
Monserrat, V.J. & Papenberg, D. (2012) Revisión del género Venustoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 1968 de la península Ibérica (Insecta, Raphidioptera). Graellsia, 68, 291–304.
https://doi.org/10.3989/graellsia.2012.v68.061
Navás, L. (1916) Notas sobre el orden de los Rafidiópteros (Ins.). Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Series 3, 12, 507–513.
Nel, A. (1993) Nouveaux Raphidioptères fossiles du Cénozoïque de France et d'Espagne (Raphidioptera, Raphidiidae, Inocelliidae). Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Travaux du Laboratoire de Biologie et Evolution des Insectes, 6, 99–108.
Oswald, J.D. (1990) Raphidioptera. In: Grimaldi, D.A. (Ed.), Insects from the Santana Formation, Lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 195, pp. 154–163.
Oswald, J.D. (1993) Revision and cladistic analysis of the world genera of the family Hemerobiidae (Insecta: Neuroptera). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 101, 143–299.
Oswald, J.D. (2018) Neuropterida Species of the World. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main (accessed 20 December 2018)
Perkovsky, E.E. (2017) Rovno amber caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from different localities, with information about three new sites. Vestnik zoologii, 51, 15–22.
https://doi.org/10.1515/vzoo-2017-0003
Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) Only a half of species of Hymenoptera in Rovno amber is common with Baltic amber. Vestnik zoologii, 52, 353–360.
https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0037
Perkovsky, E.E. & Olmi, M. (2018) Discovery of the first pincer wasp (Hymenoptera, Dryinidae) from Rovno amber. Zootaxa, 4457 (2), 296–304.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4457.2.5
Perkovsky, E.E., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Vlaskin, A.P. & Taraschuk, M.V. (2007) A comparative analysis of the Baltic and Rovno amber arthropod faunas: representative samples. African Invertebrates, 48, 229–245.
Perkovsky, E.E., Zosimovich, V.Yu. & Vlaskin, A.P. (2010) Rovno Amber. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 116–136.
Radchenko, A.G. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) First record of fossil ant species Eocenomyrma rugosostriata (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from the Rovno amber. Russian Entomological Journal, 27, 285–288.
Spahr, U. (1992) Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu R. Keilbachs Bibliographie und Liste der Bernsteinfossilien - Klasse Insecta [Ausgenomen: “Apterygota“, Hemipteroidea, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Mecopteroidea]. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Geologie und Paläontologie, 182, 1–102.
Steinmann, H. (1963) Raphidiopterological studies I. Navasana gen. n. from Hungary, Harraphidia gen. n. from Morocco, new Lesna Nav. and Subilla Nav. species from Europe. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 9, 183–198.
Steinmann, H. (1964) Raphidiopterological studies II. New Raphidia L. and Raphidilla Nav. species from Europe and Asia. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, 10, 199–227.
Weitschat, W. & Wichard, W. (1998) Atlas der Pflanzen und Tiere im Baltischen Bernstein. Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Verlag, München, 256 pp.
Zeleny, J. (1969) Variability in the species Raphidia ophiopsis Linnaeus, and Agulla xanthostigma (Schummel) (Raphidioptera). Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca, 66, 15–38.