Abstract
The members of the caenogastropod family Naticidae show highly conserved morphological characters, which in many cases complicate species separation. In such cases DNA sequence analysis may help to distinguish between species. In this work partial sequences from the small mitochondrial ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene, the small nuclear ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, a short intron of the nuclear calmodulin (Cal) gene, and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene are shown to differ significantly between the genomes of what generally had been considered to be merely two morphological variants of the common Western Atlantic naticid Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822). Sequence differences between the two forms of Neverita duplicata are similar to differences between either of these two forms and the Eastern Pacific Neverita reclusiana (Deshayes, 1839), the Indopacific Neverita didyma (Röding, 1798), and the Mediterranean Neverita josephinia (Risso, 1826). The COI sequences divergence between the two forms of Neverita duplicata is in the range of the average COI sequences divergence reported for congeneric species of Mollusca (Hebert 2003). We conclude that in addition to Neverita duplicata a second shallow water species of Neverita exists along the US Atlantic and Gulf coasts for which the name Neverita delessertiana (Récluz, 1843) is available.
References
Abbott, R.T. (1974) American seashells - The marine Mollusca of the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of North America. Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 663.
Avise, J.C. (2000) Phylogeography. The history and formation of species. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp. 464.
Bandel, K. (1999) On the origin of the carnivorous gastropod group Naticoidea (Mollusca) in the Cretaceous with description of some convergent but unrelated groups. Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 6, 134-175.
Camp, D.K., Lyons, W.G. & Perkins, T.H. (1998) Checklist of selected shallow-water marine invertebrates of Florida. Florida Marine Research Institute Technical Report TR-3, pp. 238.
Chenu, J.-C (1842–1853) Illustrations conchyliologiques ou description et figures de toutes les coquilles connues vivantes et fossiles, classées suivant le systéme de Lamarck, modifié d´après les progrès de la science, et comprenant les genres nouveaux et les espèces récemment découvertes. Fortin, Masson & Cie., Paris, 4 volumes of arbitrary collations, 482 pls.(fide Johnson 1963). Note: Pls. 2–4 of the genus Natica (pl. 1 was never published) are attributed to C.A. Récluz (fide Kabat et al. 1997).
Collin, R. (2003) Phylogenetic relationships among calyptraeid gastropods and their implications for the biogeography of marine speciation. Systematic Biology, 52, 618-640.
Curole, J.P. & Kocher, T.D. (1999) Mitogenomics: digging deeper with complete mitochondrial genomes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14, 394–398.
Dall, W.H. (1892) Contributions to the Tertiary Fauna of Florida with special Reference to the Miocene Silex-Beds of Tampa; Part II: Streptodont and other gastropods. Transactions of the Wagner Free (Institute of Science, Philadelphia), 3, 368–369.
Deshayes, G.P. (1839) Nouvelles espèces de mollusques, provenant des côtes de la Californie, du Mexique, du Kamtschatka et de la Nouvelle-Zélande. Revue Zoologique Société Cuvierienne 2, 356–361.
Doyle, J.J. & Doyle, J.L. (1987) A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 19,11–15.
Duda, T.F., Kohn, A.J. & Palumbi, S.R. (2001) Origins of diverse feeding ecologies within Conus, a genus of venomous marine gastropods. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 391–409.
Eisenberg, J.M. (1981) A collector’s guide to seashells of the world. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 239.
Gould, A.A. (1847) Natica fossata. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 2, 262–263.
Gould, A.A. (1862) Otia conchologica: Descriptions of shells and mollusks from 1839-1862. Gould & Lincoln, Boston, pp. 256.
Hebert, P.D.N., Ratnasingham, S. & Dewaard, J.R. (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B (Supplement), 270, 313–322.
Jacobson, M.K. (1973) Some notes on sexual dimorphism in the Shark Eye, Polinices duplicatus (Say) at Rockaway Beach, New York. Bulletins of the American Malacological Union, 1973, 27.
Johnson, R.I. (1961) The Recent Mollusca of Augustus Addison Gould. United States National Museum Bulletin 239, 1–182.
Johnson, R.I. (1963) The arrangement and contents of the genera described in J.C. Chenu's Illustrations Conchyliologiques (1843-53). Journal of the Society for Bibliography of Natural History, 4, 92–95.
Kabat, A.R. (2000) Results of the Rumphius Biohistorical Expedition to Ambon. Part 10: Mollusca, Gastropoda, Naticidae. Zoologische Mededeelingen, Leiden, 73(25), 345–380, figs. 1–42.
Kabat, A.R., Finet, Y. & Way, K. (1997) Catalogue of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) described by C.A. Récluz, including the location of type specimens. Apex, 12, 15–26.
Kabat, A.R. & Kilias, R. (1991) Catalogue of the types of Naticidae (Gastropoda, Streptoneura) of the mollusk collection of the Zoological Museum, Berlin. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin, 67, 319–324.
Majima, R. (1989) Cenozoic fossil Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Japan. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 96, 1-159.
Mikkelsen, P.S. & Mikkelsen, P.M. (1984) Comparison of Acteocina canaliculata (Say, 1826), A. candei (d’Orbigny, 1841), and A. atrata spec. nov. (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidae). The Veliger, 27, 164–192.
Philippi, R.A. (1849a) [“1848”, March 1849 fide Kabat 2000] Centuria tertia Testaceorum novorum. Zeitschrift für Malakozoologie, 5, 151–160.
Philippi, R.A. (1849b), Natica texasiana In: Roemer, F., Texas - Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf deutsche Auswanderung und die physischen Verhältnisse des Landes, Adolph Marcus, Bonn, pp. 457.
Philippi, R.A. (1849-53) Die Gattungen Natica und Amaura In: Küster, H.C., Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz. Bauer & Raspe, Nürnberg, pp. 164.
Poland, P. [1998 (May - June)] A new-old Neverita species from West Florida. The Shell-O-Gram, 1–3 pp, Available from http://www.jaxshells.org/neverita.htm (accessed January 4, 2006).
Porter, H.J. (1974) The North Carolina marine and estuarine Mollusca - an atlas of occurrence. The University of North Carolina Institute of Marine Science, pp. 187.
Risso, A. (1826) Histoire naturelle des principales productions de l´europe meridionale et particulierement de celles des environs de Nice et des Alpes maritimes. Levrault, pp. 438.
Röding, P.F. (1798) Museum Boltenianum, sive catalogus cimeliorum e tribus regnis naturae quae olim collegerat Joa. Fried. Bolten, M.D.p.d. Pars secunda, continens conchylia sive testacea univalvia, bivalvia & multivalvia. Joa. Fried. Bolten, Hamburg, pp. 199.
Rosenberg, G. 2005. Malacolog 4.0: A database of Western Atlantic marine Mollusca. [WWW database (version 4.0.1)] URL http://data.acnatsci.org/wasp (accessed January 10, 2006).
Say, T. (1822) An account of some of the marine shells of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 2, 221–248, 257.
Smith, E.A. & England, H.W. (1937) Martini and Chemnitz (Kuester´s Edition) Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet, 1837-1918. Society for the Bibliography of Natural History, 4, 89–99.
Swofford, D.L. (2003) PAUP*4.0b. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods). Version 4. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland, Massachusetts.
Tryon, G.W. (1886) Manual of Conchology (Ser. 1). Vol. 8., Philadelphia, Academy of Natural Science, 461 pp., 79 pls.
Turner, H.H. (1953) The effect of nutrition on the color of the callus of Polinices duplicatus. The Nautilus, 72, 1–4.