Abstract
On the Hawaiian Islands 22 sciarid species were detected, belonging to the following ten genera: Austrosciara Schmitz & Mjöberg, Bradysia Winnertz, Corynoptera Winnertz, Cratyna Winnertz, Epidapus Haliday, Hyperlasion Schmitz, Lycoriella Frey, Phytosciara Frey, Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig and Scatopsciara Edwards. The revision resulted in new combinations for the following five species: Austrosciara hawaiiensis (Hardy) comb. n., Corynoptera prominens (Hardy) comb. n., Cratyna adrostylata (Hardy) comb. n., Cr. longicosta (Hardy) comb. n., and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy) comb. n. Eight species were declared as new synonyms: Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973 = B. centidens Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n.; B. crassicornis (Skuse, 1890) = B. molokaiensis (Grimshaw, 1901) syn. n. and = B. aspercera Mohrig, 2016 syn. n.; B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912) = B. spatitergum (Hardy, 1956) syn. n.; Corynoptera prominens (Hardy, 1956) = C. gladiota Mohrig, 2004 syn. n.; Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912) = Plastosciara (Plastosciara) latipons Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; Hyperlasion wasmanni (Schmitz, 1918) = Scythropochroa magnisensoria Hardy, 1956 syn. n.; and Scatopsciara hoyti (Hardy, 1956) = Sc. spiculata Vilkamaa, Hippa & Mohrig, 2012 syn. n. These four species are new reports for Hawai‘i, three of them are new to science: Epidapus pallidus (Séguy), Pseudolycoriella nigrofemoralis Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n., Scatopsciara hardyi Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. and Sc. steffani Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. A lectotype was designated for Bradysia radicum (Brunetti) in order to fix the name. All new and revised species are figured.
The species Bradysia bishopi Steffan, 1973, B. ocellaris (Comstock, 1882), B. radicum (Brunetti, 1912), Cosmosciara hartii (Johannsen, 1912), Pseudolycoriella planiforceps (Steffan, 1971) and Scatopsciara steffani Mohrig, Kauschke & Broadley sp. n. are reported from the Galápagos Islands.
References
Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W. (2016) Revision of the types of male Sciaridae (Diptera) described from Australia by F.A.A. Skuse. Zootaxa, 4193 (3), 401–450.
http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4193.3.1
Broadley, A., Kauschke, E. & Mohrig, W. (2018) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) found in association with cultivated plants and mushrooms in Australia, with notes on cosmopolitan pest species and biosecurity interceptions. Zootaxa, 4415 (2), 201–242.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4415.2.1
Brunetti, E. (1912) Diptera Nematocera (excluding Chironomidae and Culicidae). In: Shipley, A.E. (Eds.), The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Vol. 1. Today & Tomorrows Printers & Publishers, New Delhi & London, pp. i–xii, 1–581.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.100757
Causton, C.E., Peck, S.B., Sinclair, B.J., Roque-Albelo, L., Hodgson, C.J. & Landry, B. (2006) Alien Insects: Threats and Implications for Conservation of Galápagos Islands. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 99 (1), 121–143.
Causton, C.E. & Sevilla, C.R. (2007) Latest records of introduced invertebrates in Galápagos and measures to control them. Galápagos Report 2006–2007, 142–145. Available from: https://www.galapagos.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/biodiv9-introduced-invertebrates.pdf (accessed 18 March 2019)
Comstock, J.H. (1882) Report on miscellaneous insects. In: Riley, C.V., Report of the Entomologist. Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture 1882 (1881).Government Printing Office,Washington, pp. 195–214.
Curran, C.H. (1934) The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences, 1932. No. 13 Diptera. Proceedings of the California Academy of Science, Series 2, 21 (13), 147–172.
De Geer, K. (1778) Mémoires pour servir a l̓ histoire des insectes 7. Imprimerie de Pierre Hesselberg, Stockholm, 950 pp.
Dufour, L. (1839) Mémoire sur les métamorphoses de plusieurs larves fongivores appartenant à des Diptères. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Série 2, Zoologie, 12, 5–60.
Edwards, F.W. (1922) A third new British Plastosciara (Diptera, Sciaridae). Entomologists monthly magazine, 58, 160–161.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.10330
Edwards, F.W. (1928) Fasc. 2. Nematocera. In: The Trustees of the British Museum (1927–1935) (Ed.), Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial arthropoda. Part VI. Diptera. The British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 23–102.
Edwards, F.W. (1935a) Some Tahitian Mycetophilidae and Chironomidae. Bulletin Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 113, 85–86.
Edwards, F.W. (1935b) Mycetophilidae, Culicidae and Chironomidae and additional records of Simuliidae, from the Marquesas Islands. Bulletin Bernice P. Bishop Museum, 114, 85–92.
Eldredge, L.G. & Evenhuis, N.L. (2003) Hawaii’s Biodiversity: A Detailed Assessment of the Numbers of Species in the Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2001–2002. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers, 76, 1–30.
Evenhuis, N.L. (2004) Biography of D. Elmo Hardy (1914–2002). In: Evenhuis, N.L. & Kaneshiro, K.Y. (Eds.), D. Elmo Hardy Memorial Volume. Contributions to the Systematics and Evolution of Diptera. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Entomology,12, pp. 1–11. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/pubs-online/pdf/be12-1.pdf (accessed 26 Apr. 2019)
Evenhuis, N.L. (2008) A Compendium of Zoological Type Nomenclature: a Reference Source. Bishop Museum Technical Report, 41, 1–23. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/publications/pdf/bm-tp41.pdf (accessed 26 Apr. 2019)
Evenhuis, N.L. (2009) Chapter 10. Hawaii’s Diptera Biodiversity. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. & Meyer, S. (Eds.), Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill. Leiden, pp. 47–70.
https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004148970.I-459.11
Frey, R. (1942) Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie (Sciaridae, Lycoriidae). Notulae Entomologique Helsingfors, 22, 5-–44.
Frey, R. (1945) Tiergeographische Studien über die Dipterenfauna der Azoren. 1. Verzeichnis der bisher von den Azoren bekannten Dipteren. Societas Scientiarum Fennica Commentationes biologicae, 8 (10), 1–114.
Frey, R. (1948) Entwurf einer neuen Klassifikation der Mückenfamilie Sciaridae (Lycoriidae). II. Die nordeuropäischen Arten. Notulae Entomologicae, 27 (2–4), 33–112.
Grimshaw, P.H. (1901) Diptera. In: Sharp, D. (Ed.), Fauna Hawaiiensis. 3 (1–4). The University Press, Cambridge, pp. 1–77.
Hardy, D.E. (1956) New Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 16 (1), 72–90.
Hardy, D.E. (1960) Family Sciaridae. In: Zimmerman, E.C. (Ed.), Insects of Hawaii. A Manual of the Insects of the Hawaiian Islands, including on Enumeration of the Species and Notes on their Origin, Distribution, Hosts, Parasites etc. 10. University Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 208–235.
Hippa, H. & Vilkamaa, P. (1991) The genus Prosciara Frey (Diptera, Sciaridae). Entomologica Fennica, 2 (3), 113–155.
Hippa, H., Vilkamaa, P. & Heinakroon, A. (1998) The genus Pseudozygoneura Steffan (Diptera, Sciaridae). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 210, 1–86.
Hippa, H., Vilkamaa, P. & Heller, K. (2010) Review of the Holarctic Corynoptera Winnertz 1867, s. str. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Zootaxa, 2695 (1), 1–197.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2695.1.1
Huang, J., Shi, K., Li, Z. & Wu, H. (2015) Review of the genus Pseudozygoneura Steffan (Diptera, Sciaridae) from China. Entomological News, 125 (2), 77–95.
https://doi.org/10.3157/021.125.0201
Johannsen, O.A. (1912) The fungus gnats of North America, Part IV. Bulletin of the Maine Agricultural Experimental Station, 200, 57–146.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.86614
Johannsen, O.A. (1925) A new sciarid from the Eastern United States (Dipt.: Mycetophilidae). Entomological News, 36 (9), 266–267.
Köhler, A. & Menzel, F. (2013) New records of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from New Caledonia, with the description of two new Bradysia species and an updated checklist. Zootaxa 3718 (1), 63–72.
http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3718.1.5
Köhler, A. & Mohrig, W. (2016) Additions to the New Zealand fauna of black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae), with descriptions of six new species. New Zealand Entomologist, 39 (2), 99–109.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00779962.2016.1153233
Lengersdorf, F. (1926) Die Sciariden des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. -Konowia, 5 (3), 247–255.
Lengersdorf, F. (1940) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Lycoriiden) aus Finnland. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 131 (1–2), 23–29.
Macquart, J.P.M. (1834) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Diptères. Thome 1, Librairie encyclopédique de Rore, Paris, 578 pp.
Meigen, J.W. (1818) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten 1: v-xxxvi.Friedrich Wilhelm Forstmann, Aachen, 332 pp.
Menzel, F. & Heller, K. (2005) Sechs neue Arten aus den Gattungen Bradysia, Camptochaeta und Corynoptera (Diptera: Sciaridae) nebst einigen Bemerkungen zur Nomenklatur europäischer Trauermücken. Studia dipterologica 11 (2), 335–357. [2004]
Menzel, F. & Heller, K. (2007) Bemerkungen zur Nomenklatur der Sciariden (Diptera, Bibionomorpha: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica, 13 (2), 209–229. [2006]
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (1998) Beiträge zur Taxonomie und Faunistik der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera, Sciaridae). Teil VI. Neue Ergebnisse aus Typenuntersuchungen und die daraus resultierenden taxonomisch-nomenklatorischen Konsequenzen. Studia dipterologica, 5 (2), 351–378.
Menzel, F. & Mohrig, W. (2000) Revision der paläarktischen Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae). Studia dipterologica, 6 (Supplement), 1–761.
Menzel, F. & Smith, J.E. (2009) Family Sciaridae. In: Gerlach, J. (Ed.), The Diptera of the Seychelles islands. Pensoft Series Faunistica 85. Pensoft Publishers, Sofia & Moscow, pp. 19–45.
Menzel, F., Smith, J.E. & Colauto, N.B. (2003) Bradysia difformis Frey and Bradysia ocellaris (Comstock): two additional Neotropical species of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of economic importance: a redescription and review. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96 (4), 448–457.
Menzel, F., Vilkamaa, P. & Smith, J.E. (2013) Overview of the Black Fungus Gnats from the Tristan da Cunha archipelago, including a redescription of Hyperlasion viridiventris (Frey) (Diptera, Sciaroidea: Sciaridae). Contributions to Entomology, 63 (2), 283–296.
Mohrig, W. (1999) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil I. Gattungen Sciara, Schwenckfeldina, Aerumnosa gen. nov., Cratyna, Phytosciara und Chaetosciara. Studia dipterologica, 6 (1), 153–203.
Mohrig, W. (2003) Black fungus gnats of Central America. Part I. (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 53 (1), 1–69.
Mohrig, W. (2004) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil II. Gattungen Scythropochroa, Cratyna, Pseudozygomma, Epidapus, Hyperlasion, Corynoptera, Keilbachia, Scatopsciara, Pelliciplanta gen. nov. und Pseudozygomma gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 11 (1), 129–174.
Mohrig, W. (2013) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil III - Gattungen Ctenosciara und Pseudolycoriella. Studia dipterologica, 20 (1), 123–168.
Mohrig, W. (2016) Die Trauermücken (Diptera: Sciaridae) von Papua-Neuguinea. Teil IV. Gattungen Bradysia und Chiasmata gen. nov. Studia dipterologica, 22 (1), 3–38. [2015]
Mohrig, W., Heller, K., Hippa, H., Vilkamaa, P. & Menzel, F. (2013) Revision of Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of North America. Studia dipterologica, 19 (1–2), 141–286.
Mohrig, W. & Jaschhof, M. (1999) Sciarid flies (Diptera, Sciaridae) of New Zealand. Studia dipterologica, 7 (Supplement), 1–110.
Mohrig, W. & Kauschke, E. (2019) New Black Fungus Gnats (Diptera, Sciaridae) of North America. Part V. Genera Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig and Phytosciara Frey. Zootaxa 4543 (2), 261–283.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4543.2.5
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A. (2016) Pseudolycoriella skusei sp. nov. (Diptera: Sciaridae), a new dark-winged fungus gnat from Norfolk Island and Australia. Zootaxa, 4097 (1), 139–142.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4097.1.11
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A. (2017a) Black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) of Queensland, Australia. Part I. Genera Chaetosciara Frey, Corynoptera Winnertz, Cratyna Winnertz, Epidapus Haliday, Keilbachia Mohrig, Lobosciara Steffan, Phytosciara Frey and Scatopsciara Edwards. Zootaxa, 4303 (4), 451–481. http://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4303.4.1
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Heller, K. (2017b) Austrosciara Schmitz & Mjöberg, 1924, a senior synonym of Ctenosciara Tuomikoski, 1960 (Diptera: Sciaridae) and the description of a new brachypterous species in the genus. Zootaxa, 4344 (2), 357–366. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4344.2.10
Mohrig, W., Kauschke, E. & Broadley, A. (2018) New black fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaridae) from Eastern Australia. Zootaxa, 4450 (2), 203–241. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4450.2.3
Mohrig, W. & Menzel, F. (1994) Revision der paläarktischen Arten von Phytosciara Frey (Diptera: Sciaridae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 44 (1), 167–210.
Mohrig, W. & Menzel, F. (2014) Revision der neotropischen Trauermücken - Teil I. Die Gattungen Cratyna Winnertz, Euricrium Enderlein, Metangela Rübsaamen, Pseudosciara Schiner und Sciara Meigen (Diptera: Sciaridae). Contributions to Entomology, 64 (1), 135–190.
Mohrig, W., Menzel, F. & Kozánek, M. (1992) Neue Trauermücken (Diptera, Sciaridae) aus Nord-Korea und Japan. Dipterological Research, 3 (1–2), 17–32.
Mohrig W., Röschmann F. & Rulik, B. (2004) The fauna of sciarid flies from the Dominican Republic (Diptera, Sciaridae). Beiträge zur Entomologie, 54 (2), 267–331.
Peck, S.B. (1994a) Aerial Dispersal of Insects between and to Islands in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87 (2), 218–224.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.2.218
Peck (1994b) Sea-Surface (Pleuston) Transport of Insects Between Islands in the Galápagos Archipelago, Ecuador. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87 (5), 576–582.
Rudzinski, H.G. (1993) Mitteilungen über Trauermücken aus Frankreich (Diptera: Nematocera: Sciaridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 103 (23), 444–452.
Rudzinski, H.G. (2003) Neue Arten der Gattung Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig, 1998 aus Afrika (Diptera Nematocera: Sciaridae). Entomofauna, 24 (5), 97–119.
Schmitz, H. (1918) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Sciariden mit reduzierten Maxillarpalpen. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 61 (1–2), 88–111.
Schmitz, H. & Mjöberg, E. (1924) Results of Dr. E. Mjöberg's Swedish scientific expeditions to Australia 1910–13. 35. Sciaridae und Phoridae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 16 (9), 1–8.
Séguy, E. (1961) Un Lycoriidae aptere de la Guinee (Insectes Dipteres Nematoceres). Bulletin du Museum national d`Histoire naturelle, Series 2, 35 (5) (1960), 415–417.
Shaw, F.R. (1952) New Sciaridae from the Hawaiian Islands (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14 (3), 491–496.
Shaw, F.R. (1953) A Review of some of the more important Contributions to our Knowledge of the systematic Relationships of the Sciaridae (Diptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 15 (1), 25–32.
Shin, S., Menzel, F., Heller, K., Lee, H. & Lee, S. (2014) Review of the genus Cratyna Winnertz (Diptera: Sciaridae) in Korea, including the description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3794 (3), 344–354.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3794.3.2
Sinclair, B.J. (2009) Dipteran biodiversity of the Galápagos. In: Pape, T., Bickel, D. & Meier, R. (Eds.) Diptera Diversity – Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill, Leiden, pp. 98–117.
https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004148970.I-459.21
Skuse, F.A.A. (1888) Diptera of Australia. Part II. – The Sciaridae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (3), 657–726.
Skuse, F.A.A. (1890) Diptera of Australia. Nematocera. – Supplement I. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, 2 (5), 373–413.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18643
Steffan, W.A. (1964) Insects of Campbell Island. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects Monograph, 7, 292–299.
Steffan, W.A. (1966) A generic revision of the family Sciaridae (Diptera) of America north of Mexico. University of California Publications in Entomology, 44, 1–77.
Steffan, W.A. (1968) Redescription of Bradysia spatitergum (Hardy) and new records from Panama and Brazil (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pacific Insects, 10 (3–4), 515–519.
Steffan, W.A. (1969) Insects of Micronesia. Diptera: Sciaridae. Insects of Micronesia, 12 (7), 669–732.
Steffan, W.A. (1970) Diptera: Sciaridae of South Georgia. Pacific Insects Monograph, 23, 277–281.
Steffan, W.A. (1971) North American Sciaridae, II. A new species of Eugnoriste from Texas (Diptera). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 73 (1), 54–57.
Steffan, W.A. (1972a) Lycoriella solani (Winnertz) from the Crozet Islands (Diptera: Sciaridae). Pacific Insects, 14 (2), 429–431.
Steffan, W.A. (1972b) Oriental Sciaridae (Diptera) I. Redescription and review of species described by Edwards and Brunetti. Pacific Insects, 14 (3), 589–605.
Steffan, W.A. (1973a) Notes on Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera) and descriptions of two new species. Pacific Insects, 15 (3–4), 353–361.
Steffan, W.A. (1973b) Polymorphism in Plastosciara perniciosa. Science, 182, 1265–1266.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.182.4118.1265Steffan, W.A. (1974a) Laboratory studies and ecological notes on Hawaiian Sciaridae (Diptera). Pacific Insects, 16 (1), 41–50.
Steffan, W.A. (1974b) Redescription of Bradysia tritici and Bradysia reynoldsi (Diptera: Sciaridae). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 21 (3), 467–474.
Steffan, W.A. (1976) Catalog of entomological types in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Diptera: Sciaridae. Pacific Insects, 17 (1), 47–50.
Steffan, W.A. (1989) 11. Family Sciaridae. In: Evenhuis, N.L. (Ed.), Catalog of the Diptera of the Australasian and Oceanian Regions. 86. Bishop Museum Special Publication, Bishop Museum Press & E.J. Brill, Honolulu, pp. 146–151.
Tonnoir, A.L. & Edwards, F.W. (1927) New Zealand Fungus Gnats Diptera, Mycetophilidae). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, 57, 747–878.
Tuomikoski, R. (1960) Zur Kenntnis der Sciariden (Dipt.) Finnlands. Annales Zoologici Societatis Zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae ”Vanamo”, 21 (4), 1–164.
Vilkamaa, P. & Hippa, H. (2005) Phylogeny of Peyerimhoffia Kieffer, with the revision of the species (Diptera: Sciaridae). Insect Systematics and Evolution, 35 (4), 457–480.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2011) The genus Keilbachia Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of five new species. Zootaxa, 2771 (1), 53–61.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2771.1.5
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012a) The genus Pseudolycoriella Menzel & Mohrig (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3207, 1–21.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012b) The genus Ctenosciara Tuomikoski (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of eight new species. Zootaxa, 3255, 37–51.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012c) The genus Bradysia Winnertz (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of thirteen new species. Zootaxa, 3489, 25–44.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2012d) The genus Scatopsciara Edwards (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 3591, 67–74.
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2014) The genus Epidapus Haliday (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of four new species. Zootaxa, 3900 (3), 429–436.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3900.3.6
Vilkamaa, P., Hippa, H. & Mohrig, W. (2015) The genus Sciara Meigen (Diptera, Sciaridae) in New Caledonia, with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3974 (4), 589–594.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.10
Walker, F. (1848) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Vol. 1. Printed by order of the Trustees, London, 229 pp.
Walker, F. (1856) Insecta Britannica. Diptera 3. Lovell Reeve, London, 352 pp.
Winnertz, J. (1867) Beitrag zu einer Monographie der Sciarinen. W. Braunmüller, Wien, 187 pp.