Abstract
The genus Girardia Ball, 1974 houses freshwater planarian species and is the second after Dugesia Girard, 1850 within Dugesiidae regarding the number of species. It contains 45 species (Tyler et al. 2006–2019) including three recently described: one from China—Girardia sinensis Chen & Wang 2015 (Chen et al. 2015), and two cave-dwelling planarians from Brasil—Girardia desiderensis Souza & Leal-Zanchet 2016 and Girardia pierremartini Souza & Leal-Zanchet 2016 (Souza et al. 2016).
References
Álvarez-Presas, M., Carbayo, F., Rozas, J. & Riutort, M. (2011) Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) as a model organism for fine-scale phylogeographic studies: understanding patterns of biodiversity in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 24, 887–896.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02220.x
Baguñà, J., Saló, E. & Romero, R. (1980) Les planaries d’aigues dolces a Catalunya i les illes Balears. Butlleti de la Institucio Catalana d’Historia Natural, 45, 15–30.
Chen, Y.-H., Chen, X.-M., Wu, C.-C. & Wang, A.-T. (2015) A new species of the genus Girardia (Tricladida: Dugesiidae) from China. Zoological Systematics, 40, 166–178.
Girard, C.F. (1850) A brief account of the fresh water species of Planariae inhabiting the United States. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 3, 264–265. [1848–1851]
Gourbault, N. (1969) Expansion de Dugesia tigrina (Girard), planaire Américaine introduite en Europe. Annales de Limnologie, 5 (1), 3–7.
https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/1969006
Hyman, L.H. (1939) New species of flatworms from North, Central, and South America. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 86, 419–439.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.86-3055.419
Kawakatsu, M. & Ponce de Leon, R. (1990) The occurrence of Dugesia tigrina (Girard, 1850) (Turbellaria: Tricladida: Paludicola) in Uruguay. Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 41, 5–14.
Kawakatsu, M., Tamura, S., Takai, M., Yamamoto, K., Ueno, R. & Oki, I. (1993) The first record of occurence of a naturalized population of Dugesia tigrina (Girard, 1850) at Nagasaki, Kyushu, Japan (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola). Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan, 48, 5–11.
Kenk, R. (1974) Index of the Genera and Species of the Freshwater Triclads (Turbellaria) of the World. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 183, 1–90.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.183
Kenk, R. (1989) Revised list of the North American freshwater Planarians (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Paludicola). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 476, 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.476
Marcus, E. (1946) Sôbre Turbellaria Brasileiros. Boletins da Faculdade de Philosophia, Sciencias e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo. Zoologia, 11, 5–254.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2526-4877.bsffclzoologia.1946.125301
Meinken, H. (1925) Ein verkannter Laichräuber. Wochenschrift fur Aquarien und Terrarienkunde, 22, 94–96.
Ribas, M., Riutort, M. & Baguñà, J. (1989) Morphological and biochemical variation in populations of Dugesia (G.) tigrina (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola) from the western Mediterranean: biogeographical and taxonomical implications. Journal of Zoology, 218, 609–626.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb05003.x
Sluys, R., Kawakatsu, M. & Ponce de León, R. (2005) Morphological stasis in an old and widespread group of species: Contribution to the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Girardia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Paludicola). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 40, 155–180.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650520500070220
Sluys, R., Joffe, B. & Cannon, L.R.G. (1995) An alien flatworm in Australian waters. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 38, 642.
Souza, S., Morais, A.L., Bichuette, M.E. & Leal-Zanchet, A. (2016) Two new species of freshwater flatworms (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Continenticola) from South American caves. Zootaxa, 4092 (1), 107–121.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.6
Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22, 2688–2690.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446
Tamura, S., Oki, I., Kawakatsu, M., Ninagawa, M., Matsusato, T. & Suzuki, H. (1985) A note on an introduced species of freshwater planarian, Dugesia tigrina (Girard, 1850), found in culture ponds of australian crayfish in Kagoshima prefecture, Japan. Bulletin of Fuji Women`s College, 23, 133–137.
Tyler, S., Schilling, S., Hooge, M. & Bush, L.F. (Comp.) (2006–2019) Turbellarian taxonomic database. Version 1.8. Available from: http://turbellaria.umaine.edu/ (accessed 23 April 2019)
Vila-Farré, M., Sluys, R., Almagro, I., Handberg-Thorsager, M. & Romero, R. (2011) Freshwater planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from the Iberian Peninsula and Greece: diversity and notes on ecology. Zootaxa, 2779 (1), 1–57.