Abstract
This bibliographic review includes all brachyuran species listed for the Brazilian Amazon Coastal Zone (covering the occurrence of species in the states of Amapá, Pará, and Maranhão), with respective larval development either fully or partially described. Information provided include the current taxon name, taxon authorship, larval stages described, and habitat of the adult of each species. A total of 194 species were recorded in the study area. Of these, 49 (25%) have the larval stages completely described, 25 (13%) have incomplete descriptions of the larval development with at least one stage described, and most of them, 120 species (62%), do not have morphological descriptions of any larval stage. This is clearly a large gap that needs to be filled for the advancement of the knowledge of crab life histories in a unique area of coastal biodiversity. More so because this area faces threats from the pink shrimp fishery and oil prospection activities.
References
Abele, L.G. (1973) Taxonomy, distribution and ecology of the genus Sesarma (Crustacea, Decapoda, Grapsidae) in Eastern North America, with special reference to Florida. The American Midland Naturalist, 90, 375–386.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2424461
Andriszak, B.L. & Gore, R.H. (1981) The complete larval development in the laboratory of Micropanope sculptipes (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) with a comparison of larval characters in western Atlantic xanthid genera. Fishery Bulletin, 79, 487–506.
Anger, K. (2001) The biology of decapod crustacean larvae. Crustacean Issues, A. A. Balkema, Lisse, 419 pp.
Anger, K., Montú, M., Bakker, C. & Fernandes, L.L.M. (1990) Larval development of Uca thayeri Rathbun, 1900 (Decapoda: Ocypodidae) reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 32, 276–294.
Anger, K., Schreiber, D. & Montú, M. (1995) Abbreviated larval development of Sesarma curacaoense (Rathbun, 1897) (Decapoda: Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Nauplius, 3, 127–154.
Bakker, C., Montú, M., Anger, K. & Harms, J. (1990) Larval development of a tropical spider crab, Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871 (Decapoda: Majidae), reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 30, 90–103.
Barros, M.P. & Pimentel, F.R. (2001) A fauna de Decapoda (Crustacea) do Estado do Pará, Brasil: lista preliminar das espécies. Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, 17, 15–41.
Bentes, A.B., Lima, W.G., Fernandes, S., Paula, J.D., Silva, K.C.A., Abrunhosa, F.A. & Bentes, B. (2013) Occurrence of Charybdis hellerii (Milne Edwards, 1867) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) in an Amazonian Estuary. Biota Amazônia, 3, 181–184.
https://doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n3p181-184
Bolaños, J., Quinteiro, V., Hernandez, G. & Hernández, J.E. (1996) Desarrollo Larval del Cangrejo Araña Pitho lherminieri (Schramm, 1867) (Decapoda: Majidae: Ophthalminae) realizado en condiciones de laboratorio. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Symposium of Fauna and Flora of the Atlantic Island, Las Palmas, Spain, pp. 12–19.
Bolla Jr, E.A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2015) Morphology of juvenile phase of Achelous spinimanus (Latreille, 1819) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae) reared in laboratory. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 96, 615–631.
Bolla Jr, E.A., Fransozo, V. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2014) Juvenile development of Callinectes danae Smith, 1869 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) under laboratory conditions. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 86, 211–228.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652014118912
Bolla Jr, E.A., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Fransozo, A. (2008) Juvenile development of Callinectes ornatus Ordway, 1863 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae), from megalopae obtained from neuston samples. Zootaxa, 1788, 1–20.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-37652014118912
Bookhout, C.G. & Costlow, J.D. (1974) Larval development of Portunus spinicarpus reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 24, 20–51.
Brossi-Garcia, A.L. & Rodrigues, M.D. (1993) Zoeal morphology of Pachygrapsus gracilis (Saussure, 1858) (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 24, 197–204.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.1993.9672352
Brossi-Garcia, A.L. & Rodrigues, M.D. (1997) Zoeal morphology of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes) (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Zoologia, 14, 803–819.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751997000400005
Cházaro-Olvera, S. & Rocha-Ramírez, A. (2007) Morphology of the Pachygrapsus gracilis (De Saussure, 1858) megalopa (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 80, 19–30.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854007779696442
Coelho, P.A. (1996) Distribuição de Mixtopagurus paradoxos A. Milne Edwards, 1880, Pinnixa floridana Rathbun, 1918 e Osachila tuberosa Stimpson, 1871 no litoral brasileiro (Crustacea, Decapoda). Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 24, 165–171.
https://doi.org/10.5914/tropocean.v24i1.2704
Coelho, P.A. (1997) Revisão do gênero Pinnixa White, 1846 no Brasil (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pinnotheridae). Trabalhos Oceanográficos da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 25, 163–193.
https://doi.org/10.5914/tropocean.v25i1.2736
Coelho, P.A. (2005) Descrição de Austinixa bragantina sp. nov. (Crustacea, Decapoda, Pinnotheridae) do litoral do Pará, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 552–555.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752005000300004
Coelho, P.A., Almeida, A.O. & Bezerra, L.E.A. (2008) Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northeastern Brazil. Zootaxa, 1956, 1–58.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1
Colavite, J., López, R., Hernández, J., Bolãnos, J. & Santana, W. (2016) First zoeal stage of Macrocoeloma subparallelum (Stimpson, 1860) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea) described from laboratory hatched material. Nauplius, 24, e2016016.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2358-2936e2016016
Conroy, B.J., Steinberg, D.K., Stukel, M.R., Goes, J.I. & Coles, V.J. (2016) Meso and microzooplankton grazing in the Amazon River plume and western tropical North Atlantic. Limnology and Oceanography, 61, 825–840.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10261
Costa, R.M., Atique, P., Costa, K.G. & Pereira, C.C. (2011) Seasonal and spatial variation in hydrological parameters and microzooplankton communities in an Amazonian estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, 64, 1477–1481.
Costa, K.G., Bezerra, T.R., Monteiro, M.C., Vallinoto, M., Berrêdo, J.F., Pereira, L.C.C. & Costa, R.M. (2013) Tidal-Induced Changes in the Zooplankton Community of an Amazon Estuary. Journal of Coastal Research, 29, 756–765.
https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-11-00166.1
Costlow, J.D. Jr. & Bookhout, C.G. (1966) Larval stages of the crab, Pinnotheres maculatus under laboratory conditions. Chesapeake Science, 7,157–163.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1351163
Cuesta, J.A. & Anger, K. (2001) Larval morphology of the sesarmid crab Armases angustipes Dana, 1852 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 821–838.
https://doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990175
Cuesta, J.A., García-Guerrero, M.U., Rodríguez, A. & Hendrickx, M.E. (2006) Larval morphology of the sesarmid crab, Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Grapsoidea) from laboratory-reared material. Crustaceana, 79, 175–196.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854006776952838
Cuesta, J.A. & Rodríguez, A. (1994) Early zoeal stages of Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius), P. transversus (Gibbes) and P. maurus (Lucas) (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae), reared in the laboratory. Scientia Marina, 58, 323–327.
De Grave, S., Pentcheff, N.D., Ahyong, S.T. et al. (2009) A classification of living and fossil genera of decapod crustaceans. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, Supplement 21, 1–109.
Díaz, H. & Bevilacqua, M. (1987) Early developmental sequences of Aratus pisonii (Milne Edwards) (Brachyura, Grapsidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Coastal Research, 3, 63–70.
Díaz, H. & Costlow, J.D. (1972) Larval development of Ocypode quadrata (Brachyura: Crustacea) under laboratory conditions. Marine Biology, 15, 120–131.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00353640
Díaz, H. & Ewald, J.J. (1968) A comparison of the larval development of Metasesarma rubripes (Rathbun) and Sesarma ricordi H. Milne Edwards (Brachyura, Grapsidae) reared under similar laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, 2, 225–248.
Diele, K., Koch, V., Abrunhosa, F.A., Lima, J.F. & Simith, D.J.B. (2010) The Brachyuran Crab Community of the Caeté Estuary, North Brazil: Species Richness, Zonation and abundance. In: Saint-Paul, U. & Schneider, H. (Eds.), Mangrove Dynamics and Management in North Brazil. Ecological Studies 211, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 251–263.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13457-9_16
Dineen, J.F., Clark, P.F., Hines, A.H., Reed, S.A. & Walton, H.P. (2001) Life history, larval description, and natural history of Charybdis hellerii (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae), an invasive crab in the Western Atlantic. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 21, 774–805.
https://doi.org/10.1163/20021975-99990173
Dowds, R.E. (1980) The Crab Genus Pinnixa in a North Carolina Estuary: Identification of Larvae, Reproduction, and Recruitment. University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, 189 pp.
Fernandes, L.D.A., Bonecker, S.L.C. & Valentin, J.L. (2002) Dynamic of decapod crustacean larvae on the entrance of Guanabara Bay. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 45, 491–498.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132002000600013
Flores, A.A.V., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Fransozo, A. (1998) The megalopa and juvenile development of Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (Decapoda, Brachyura), compared with other grapsid crabs. Crustaceana, 71, 197–222.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854098X00176
Fransozo, A., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Hiyodo, C.M. (1988) Développement juvénile de Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) au laboratoire. Revue d’Hydrobiologie Tropicale, 21, 297–308.
Fransozo, A. (1986/87) Desenvolvimento dos estágios juvenis de Sesarma (Holometopus) rectum Randall, 1840 (Decapoda, Grapsidae) obtidos em laboratório. Naturalia, 12, 77–87.
Fransozo, A. (1987) Desenvolvimento larval de Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) (Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. Zoologia, 4, 165–179.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751987000300001
Fransozo, A., Mantelatto, F.L. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1991) Larval development of Hexapanopeus paulensis Rathbun, 1930 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions. Zoologia, 7, 31–45.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751990000200002
Fransozo, A., Cuesta, J.A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1998) The first zoeal stage of two species of Grapsidae (Decapoda Brachyura) and a key to such larvae from the Brazilian coast. Crustaceana, 71, 331–343.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854098X00293
Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1986) Desenvolvimento larval de Sesarma (Holometopus) rectum Randall, 1840 (Decapoda, Grapsidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 353–364.
Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1982) Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Mithrax hispidus (Hersbt, 1790) (Decapoda, Majidae) em laboratório. Ciência e Cultura, 34, 385–395.
Fransozo, A., Mantelatto, F.L. & Bertini, G. (2002) The first zoeal stage of the genus Cronius (Brachyura, Portunidae) from the Brazilian coast, hatched in a laboratory. Journal of Plankton Research, 24, 1237–1244.
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/24.11.1237
Galil, B.S. (1992) Eritrean decapods in the Levant. Biogeography in motion. Bulletin de l’Institut Oceanographique, 9, 115–123.
Gonzáles-Gordillo, J.I., Santos, A. & Rodríguez, A. (2001) Checklist and annotated bibliography of decapod crustacean larvae from the Southwestern European coast (Gibraltar Strait area). Scientia Marina, 65, 275–305.
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65n4275
Gore, R.H., Scotto, L.E. & Yang, W.T. (1982) Microphrys bicornutus (Latreille, 1825): The complete larval development under laboratory conditions with notes on other Mithracine larvae (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae). Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2, 514–534.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1548092
Guimarães, F.J. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2005) Juvenile development and growth patterns in the mud crab Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Natural History, 39, 2145–2161.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930500061254
Hartnoll, R.G. (1964) The zoeal stages of the spider crab Microphrys bicornutus (Latr.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7, 241–246.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936408651464
Hebling, N.J. & Rieger, P.J. (2003) Desenvolvimento juvenil de Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Calappidae), em laboratório. Zoologia, 20, 531–539.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752003000300027
Hirose, G.L. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2008) Growth and juvenile development of Uca maracoani Latreille, 1802-1803 in laboratory conditions (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Ocypodidae). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 88, 161–168.
Hirose, G.L., Bolla Jr, E.A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2010) Post-larval morphology, growth, and development of Uca cumulanta Crane, 1943 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) under laboratory conditions. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 54, 95–109.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2010.9652321
Hirose, G.L., Gregati, R.A., Fransozo, A. & Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (2012) Morphological and morphometric comparisons of the first zoea of four species of purse crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura: Leucosiidae) from the Brazilian South Atlantic. Zootaxa, 3167, 17–31.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3167.1.2
Hyman, O.W. (1925) Studies on larval crabs of the family Pinnotheridae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 64, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.64-2497.1
Ingle, R.W. (1985) Larval development of the mud crab Panopeus occidentalis de Saussure, from Bermuda (Crustacea: Xanthoidea: Panopeidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 48, 233–248.
Ingle, R.W. (1987) The first zoea of three Pachygrapsus species and of Cataleptodius floridanus (Gibbes) from Bermuda and Mediterranean (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), 52, 31–41.
Kircher, A.B. (1970) The zoeal stages and glaucothoe of Hypoconcha arcuata Stimpson (Decapoda: Dromiidae) reared in the laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 20, 769–792.
Koettker, A.G. & Freire, A.S. (2006) Spatial and temporal distribution of decapod larvae in the subtropical waters of the Arvoredo archipelago, SC, Brazil. Iheringia, 96, 31–39.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212006000100005
Koettker, A.G., Sumida, P.Y.G., Lopes, R.M. & Freire, A.S. (2012) Illustrated key for the identification of the known zoeal stages of brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from tropical and subtropical Brazil, southwestern Atlantic. Zootaxa, 3204, 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3204.1.1
Kornienko, E.S. & Korn, O.M. (2009) Illustrated key for the identification of brachyuran zoeal stages (Crustacea: Decapoda) in the plankton of Peter the Great Bay (Sea of Japan), Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89, 379–386.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408002762
Konishi, K. & Minagawa, M. (1990) The first zoeal larva of the Gulfweed crab Planes cyaneus Dana, 1851 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Proceedings of the Japanese Society Systematic Zoology, 42, 14–20.
Kurata, H. (1970) Studies on the life histories of decapod Crustacea of Georgia, Part III. Larvae of decapod Crustacea of Georgia. University of Georgia, PhD thesis, Athens, 263 pp.
Kurata, H., Heard, R.W. & Martin, J.W. (1981) Larval development under laboratory conditions of the xanthid mud crab Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Brachyura: Xanthidae) from Georgia. Gulf Research Reports, 7, 19–25.
https://doi.org/10.18785/grr.0701.03
Lang, W.H. & Young, A.M. (1980) Larval development of Hypoconcha sabulosa (Decapoda: Dromiidae). Fishery Bulletin, 77, 851–863.
Laughlin, R.A., Rodriguez, P.J. & Marval, J.A. (1982) The complete larval development of the sponge crab Dromia erythropus (George Edwards, 1771) (Brachyura: Dromiidae) from the Archipelago de Los Roques, Venezuela. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 2, 342–359.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1548052
Leão, Z.M.A.N. & Dominguez, J.M.L. (2000) Tropical Coast of Brazil. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 41, 112–122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00105-3
Lebour, M.V. (1944) Larval crabs from Bermuda. Zoologica, 29, 113–128.
Lima, J.F. (2009) Larval development of Austinixa bragantina (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) reared in the laboratory. Zoologia, 26, 143–154.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702009000100020
Lima, J.F., Abrunhosa, F.A. & Coelho, P.A. (2006) The larval development of Pinnixa gracilipes Coelho (Decapoda, Pinnotheridae) reared in the laboratory. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 23, 480–489.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752006000200023
Lopes, P.H.M., Abrunhosa, F.A. & Reis, V.S. (2000) Descrição da primeira larva do siri pimenta Callinectes bocourti (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae) obtida em laboratório. Revista Científica de Produção Animal, 2, 208–212.
Magalhães, T., Souza-Carvalho, E.A., Biagi, R., Cuesta, J.A. & Mantelatto, F.L. (2017) Larval stages of the crab Mithrax tortugae (Brachyura: Mithracidae) with comparisons between all species of Mithrax. Marine Biology Research, 13, 1108–1117.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2017.1342035
Mantelatto, F.L. & Cuesta, J.A. (2010) Morphology of the first zoeal stage of the commensal southwestern Atlantic crab Austinixa aidae (Righi 1967) (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae), hatched in the laboratory. Helgoland Marine Research, 64, 343–348.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-010-0189-0
Mantelatto, F.L., Reigada, A.L.D., Gatti, A.C.R. & Cuesta, J.A. (2014) Morphology of the first zoeal stages of five Portunid genus Callinectes (Decapoda, Brachyura) hatched at the laboratory. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 86, 755–767.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201420130030
Mantelatto, F.L., Pantaleão, J.A.F., Cuesta, J.A., Fransozo, A. & Felder, D.L. (2018) The first zoeal stage morphology of Achelous spinimanus (Latreille), A. gibbesii (Stimpson), and Portunus sayi (Gibbes) (Decapoda, Brachyura) provides support for molecular phylogeny. Zootaxa, 4378, 071–084.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4378.1.4
Marochi, M.Z. & Masunari, S. (2011) Os caranguejos Eriphiidae, Menippidae, Panopeidae e Pilumnidae (Crustacea Brachyura) de águas rasas do litoral do Paraná, com chave pictórica de identificação para as espécies. Biota Neotropica, 11, 21–33.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032011000300001
Martin, J.W., Truesdale, F.M. & Felder, D.L. (1985) Larval development of Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891 (Brachyura, Xanthidae) with notes on zoeal characters in xanthid crabs. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 5, 84–105.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1548223
Martins, S.B., Marochi, M.Z. & Masunari, S. (2016) Description of the first juvenile stage of the fiddler crab Minuca mordax (Smith, 1870) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae). Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 56, 163–169.
https://doi.org/10.11606/0031-1049.2016.56.14
Melo, G.A.S. (1996) Manual de Identificação dos Brachyura (Caranguejos e Siris) do Litoral Brasileiro. Plêiade, São Paulo, 603 pp.
Melo, G.A.S. (2010) The Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) collected by the gedip project between torres, Rio Grande do Sul Brazil) and Maldonado (Uruguay). Atlântica, 32, 39–57.
https://doi.org/10.5088/atl.2010.32.1.39
Melo, G.A.S. & Boehs, G. (2004) Rediscovery of Holothuriophilus tomentosus (Ortmann) comb. nov. (Crustacea, Brachyura, Pinnotheridae) in the Brazilian coast. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 21, 229–232.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752004000200010
Melo, G.A.S. & Campos Jr, O. (1999) A família Dromiidae De Haan no litoral brasileiro, com descrição de uma nova espécie (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16, 273–291.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000200001
Melo, G.A.S. & Veloso, V.G. (2005) The Brachyura (Crustacea, Decapoda) of the coast of the State of Paraiba Brazil, collected by Project Algas. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 22, 796–805.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-35982005000300011
Mendes, G.N. & Valença, A.R. (2008) Observações preliminares sobre o desenvolvimento larval do caranguejo aranha Stenorhynchus seticornis (Herbst, 1788) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majidae) em laboratório. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34, 325–329.
Messerknecht, I., Montú, M. & Anger, K. (1991) Larval development and salinity tolerance of Brazilian Eurytium limosum (Say, 1818) (Brachyura: Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Meeresforschung, 33, 275–296.
Mikhailov, V.N. (2010) Water and Sediment Runoff at the Amazon River Mouth. Water Research, 37, 145–159.
https://doi.org/10.1134/S009780781002003X
Montú, M., Anger, K. & Bakker, C. (1990) Variability in the larval development of Metasesarma rubripes (Decapoda, Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. Neritica, 5, 113–128.
Moura, R.L., Amado-Filho, G.M., Moraes, F.C., Brasileiro, P.S., Salomon, P.S., Mahiques, M.M., Bastos, A.C., Almeida, M.G., Silva, J.M., Araujo, B.F., Brito, F.P., Rangel, T.P., Oliveira, B.C.V., Bahia, R.G., Paranhos, R.P., Dias, R.J.S., Siegle, E., Figueiredo, A.G., Pereira, R.C., Leal, C.V., Hajdu, E., Asp, N.E., Gregoracci, G.B., Neumann-Leitão, S., Yager, P.L., Francini-Filho, R.B., Froes, A., Campeao, M., Silva, B.S., Moreira, A.P.B., Oliveira, L., Soares, A.C., Araujo, L., Oliveira, N.L., Teixeira, J.B., Valle, R.A.B., Thompson, C.C., Rezende C.E. & Thompson, F.L. (2016). An extensive reef system at the Amazon River mouth—Supplementary Material. Science Advances, 2 (4), e1501252–e1501252.
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501252.
Muller-Karger, F.E., McClain, C.R. & Richardson, P.L. (1988) The dispersal of the Amazon’s water. Nature, 333, 56–59.
https://doi.org/10.1038/333056a0
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fernandes, C.S., Da Silva, S.M.J. & Fransozo, A. (2011) Early juvenile development of Armases rubripes (Rathbun 1897) (Crustacea, Brachyura, Sesarmidae) and comments on the morphology of the megalopa and first crab. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 55, 53–64.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2010.548645
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Wenner, E.L., Knott, D. & Fransozo, A. (2007) The megalopa and early juvenile stages of Calappa tortugae Rathbun, 1933 (Crustacea, Brachyura) reared in laboratory from neuston samples. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 120, 469–485.
https://doi.org/10.2988/0006-324X(2007)120[469:TMAEJS]2.0.CO;2
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1986) Desenvolvimento pós-embrionário de Panopeus americanus Saussure, 1857 (Decapoda, Xanthidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 46, 173–188.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. (1996) The zoea I of Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne Edwards, 1867) (Decapoda, Portunidae) obtained in laboratory. Nauplius, 4, 165–168.
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fransozo, A. & Hebling, N.J. (1989) Larval development of Persephona mediterranea Herbst, 1794 (Brachyura, Leucosiidae) under laboratory conditions. Crustaceana, 57, 177–193.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854089X00509
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Fransozo, A. & Hirose, G.L. (2008) The megalopa and early juvenile development of Hepatus pudibundus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Aethroidea) reared from neuston samples. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 608–616.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752008000400005
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Hirose, G.L., Fransozo, A. & Bolla, Jr.E.A. (2009) First zoeal stage and megalopa of Uca (Uca) maracoani (Decapoda: Brachyura), with comments on the larval morphology of South-American species of Ocypodidae. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 29, 364–372.
https://doi.org/10.1651/08-3087.1
Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L., Meyers, N., Fransozo, V. & Thorton-De Victor, S. (2007) The megalopa stage of Portunus spinimanus Latreille, 1819 and Portunus gibbesii (Stimpson, 1859) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Portunidae) from the southeastern Atlantic coast of the United States. Zootaxa, 1638, 21–37.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1638.1.2
Ng, P.K.L., Guinot, D. & Davie, P.J.F. (2008) Systema brachyurorum. Part I. An annotated checklist of extant brachyuran crabs of the world. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 17, 1–286.
Nittrouer, C.A. & DeMaster, D.J. (1996) The Amazon shelf setting: tropical, energetic, and influenced by a large river. Continental Shel Research, 16, 553–573.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-4343(95)00069-0
Oliveira, V.S., Ramos-Porto, M., Santos, M.C.F., Hazin, F.H.V., Cabral, E., Acioli, F.D. & Matsui, N. (2003) Distribuição e abundância de Rochinia crassa A. Milne Edwards, 1880 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Majidae) capturada com armadilha de fundo na costa Nordeste do Brasil. Boletim Técnico Científico do CEPENE, 11, 211–222.
Paula, J. & Hartnoll, R.G. (1989) The larval and post-larval development of Percnon gibbesi (Crustacea, Brachyura, Grapsidae) and the identify of the larval genus Pluteocaris. Journal of Zoology, 218, 17–37.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1989.tb02522.x
Pohle, G. & Telford, M. (1981) The larval development of Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 (Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) in laboratory culture. Bulletin of Marine Science, 31, 753–773.
Pohle, G. & Mantelatto, F.L.M., Negreiros-Fransozo, M.L. & Fransozo, A. (1999) Larval Decapoda (Brachyura). In: Boltovskoy, D. (Ed.), South Atlantic Zooplankton. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, pp. 1281–1351.
Rice, A.L. & Provenzano, A.J. (1966) The larval development of the West Indian sponge crab Dromidia antillensis (Decapoda: Dromiidae). Journal of Zoology, 149, 297–319.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1966.tb04051.x
Rieger, P.J. (1998) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) burguesi Holthuis (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia,15, 727–756.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751998000300017
Rieger, P.J. (1997) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) mordax (Smith, 1870) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Trabalhos Oceanográficos da UFPE, 25, 225–267.
https://doi.org/10.5914/tropocean.v25i1.2741
Rieger, P.J. (1999) Desenvolvimento larval de Uca (Minuca) vocator (Herbst, 1804) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae), em laboratório. Nauplius, 7,1–37.
Rieger, P.J. & Hebling, N.J. (1993) Desenvolvimento larval de Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (Decapoda, Calappidae) em laboratório. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 20, 513–528.
Rieger, P.J., Santos, A.L.F. & Cichowski, V.L. (2002) Estudo dos primeiros estágios larvais de Mesorhoea sexpinosa Stimpson, 1871 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parthenopidae), em laboratório, com ênfase em morfologia de cerdas. Comunicações do Museu de Ciências e Tecnologia da PUCRS, 15, 239–264.
Rodrigues, M.D. & Hebling, N.J. (1989) Ucides cordatus cordatus (Linnaeus, 1763) (Crustacea, Decapoda). Complete larval development under laboratory conditions and its systematic position. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 6, 147–166.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751989000100016
Sandifer, P.A. (1972) Morphology and ecology of Chesapeake Bay decapod crustacean larvae. University of Georgia, PhD thesis, 532 pp.
Sandifer, P.A. & Van Engel, W.A. (1972) Larval stages of the spider crab, Anasimus latus Rathbun, 1894 (Brachyura, Majidae, Inachinae) obtained in the laboratory. Crustaceana, 23, 141–151.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854072X00327
Sankarankutty, C., Hong, S.Y. & Kim, K.B. (1999) Description of laboratory reared first zoea of Callinectes danae Smith (Crustacea, Decapoda, Portunidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 16, 45–49.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000600006
Santana, W., Marques, F., Fransozo, A. & Bertini, G. (2006) Larval development of Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886 (Brachyura: Majoidea: Pisidae) described from laboratory reared material and a reappraisal of the characters of Pisidae. Papéis Avulsos do Departamento de Zoologia, 46, 219–232.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0031-10492006001900001
Santana, W., Pohle, G. & Marques, F. (2003) Zoeal stages and megalopa of Mithrax hispidus (Herbst, 1790) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Majoidea: Mithracidae): a reappraisal of larval characters from laboratory cultured material and a review for larvae of the Mithrax—Mithraculus species complex. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 44, 17–32.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2003.9652550
Schubart, C.D. & Cuesta, J.A. (1998) First zoeal stages of four Sesarma species from Panama, with identification keys and remarks on the American Sesarminae (Crustacea: Brachyura: Grapsidae). Journal of Plankton Research, 20, 61–84.
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/20.1.61
Scotto, L.E. (1979) Larval development of the Cuban stone crab, Menippe nodifrons (Brachyura, Xanthidae) under laboratory conditions with notes on the status of the family Menippidae. Fishery Bulletin, 77, 359–386.
Scotto, L.E. & Gore, R.H. (1981) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XXIII. The laboratory cultured zoeal stages of the coral gall-forming crab Troglocarcinus corallicola Verrill, 1908 (Brachyura: Hapalocarcinidae) and its familial position. Journal of Crustacean Biology, 1, 486–505.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1548126
Souza, A.S., Costa, R.M. & Abrunhosa, F.A. (2013) Comparative morphology of the first zoea of twelve brachyuran species (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Amazon region. Zoologia, 30, 273–290.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1984-46702013000300004
Souza, A.S., Costa, R.M. & Abrunhosa, F.A. (2012). The complete development of Panopeus lacustris Desbonne, 1867 (Brachyura: Panopeidae), from the Amazon region, reared in laboratory. Acta Zoologica, 94, 308–323.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6395.2011.00557.x
Spivak, E.D. & Rodríguez, A. (2002) Pilumnus reticulatus Stimpson, 1860 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Pilumnidae): a reappraisal of larval characters from laboratory reared material. Scientia Marina, 66, 5–1.
https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n15
Stuck, K.C. & Truesdale, F.M. (1988) Larval development of the speckled swimming crab, Arenaeus cribrarius (Decapoda: Brachyura: Portunidae) reared in laboratory. Bulletin of Marine Science, 42, 102–132.
Taishaku, H. & Konishi. K. (1995) Zoeas of Calappa species with special reference to larval characters of the family Calappidae (Crustacea, Brachyura). Zoological Science, 12, 649–654.
https://doi.org/10.2108/zsj.12.649
Vieira, R.R.R., Pinho, G.L.L. & Rieger, P.J. (2010) Juvenile development of Uca (Minuca) burgersi Holthuis, 1967 (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ocypodidae) in the laboratory. Atlântica, 32, 59–70.
https://doi.org/10.5088/atl.2010.32.1.59
Vieira, R.R.R. & Rieger, P.J. (2004) Larval development of Hexapanopeus caribbaeus (Stimpson, 1817) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthoidea, Panopeidae) reared under laboratory conditions. Journal of Plankton Research, 26, 1175–1182.
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbh107
Warner, G.F. (1968) The larval development of the mangrove tree crab, Aratus pisonii (H. Milne Edwards), reared in the laboratory (Brachyura, Grapsidae). Crustaceana, 2, 249–258.
Williams, A.B. (1984) Shrimps, lobster and crabs of the Atlantique Coast of the Eastern United States Maine to Florida. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 545 pp.
Wilson, K.A., Scotto, L.E. & Gore, R.H. (1979) Studies on decapod Crustacea from the Indian River region of Florida. XIII. Larval development under laboratory conditions of the spider crab Mithrax forceps (A. Milne-Edwards, 1875) (Brachyura: Majidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 92, 307–327.
Yang, W.T. (1976) Studies on the western Atlantic arrow crab genus Stenorhynchus (Decapoda Brachyura, Majidae). Larval characters of two species and comparison with other larvae of Inachinae. Crustaceana, 31, 157–177.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854076X00198
Yang, W.T. (1971) The larval and postlarval development of Parthenope serrata reared in the laboratory and the systematic position of the Parthenopinae (Crustacea, Brachyura). The Biological Bulletin, 140, 166–189.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1540035