Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Monograph
Published: 2013-01-11
Page range: 1–105
Abstract views: 104
PDF downloaded: 49

An annotated catalogue of the New World Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asiloidea)

Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 1816 South Oak Street, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832–1448, USA
California Department of Food and Agriculture, Plant Pest Diagnostics Center, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA, 95832–1448, USA
Department of Biodiversity Informatics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC, 20013, USA
15634 E. Wandering Creek Place, Vail, AZ, 85641, USA
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 1816 South Oak Street, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, 1816 South Oak Street, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, 61820, USA
Diptera Asiloidea distribution generic combinations nomenclature primary type deposition recent revisions synonymy type locality

Abstract

The genera and species of New World stiletto flies (Diptera: Therevidae) are listed, with annotated references to nomenclature, synonymies and generic combinations, type localities, the primary type depositories, distribution, and citations for the most recent revisions. The genus Cyclotelus Walker, 1850 (along with its synonyms Furcifera Kröber, 1911, and Epomyia Cole, 1923a) is synonymized under Cerocatus Rondani, 1848. Ectinorhynchus fascipennis Kröber, 1911 is given the new name Cerocatus rondanii Gaimari, and Phycus rufiventris Kröber, 1911 is given the new name Cerocatus raspii Hauser. Phycus analis Kröber, 1911 and Phycus bicolor Kröber, 1911, are placed as new combinations in Cerocatus Rondani, as are the following species that were previously in combination with Cyclotelus: Furcifera achaeta Malloch, 1932, Cyclotelus badicrusus Irwin and Webb, 1992, Phycus beckeri Kröber, 1911, Epomyia bella Cole, 1923a, Furcifera braziliana Cole, 1960a, Cyclotelus colei Irwin and Lyneborg, 1981a, Thereva diversipes Kröber, 1911, Thereva fascipennis Macquart, 1846a, Psilocephala femorata Kröber, 1911, Furcifera flavipes Kröber, 1928b, Furcifera hardyi Cole, 1960a, Furcifera kroeberi Cole, 1960a, Cyclotelus laetus Walker, 1850, Furcifera longicornis Kröber, 1911, Cyclotelus nigroflammus Walker, 1850, Psilocephala nigrifrons Kröber, 1914a, Thereva pictipennis Wiedemann, 1821, Furcifera polita Kröber, 1911, Cyclotelus pruinosus Walker, 1850, Thereva ruficornis Macquart, 1841a, Psilocephala rufiventris Loew, 1869, Thereva scutellaris Walker, 1857, Cyclotelus silacrusus Irwin and Webb, 1992, Cyclotelus socius Walker, 1850 and Psilocephala sumichrasti Bellardi, 1861. Dialineura pallidiventris Malloch, 1932, Melanothereva blackmani Oldroyd, 1968, Thereva maculicornis Jaennicke, 1867 and Thereva notabilis Macquart, 1841a are placed as new combinations in Entesia Oldroyd. Henicomyia amazonica Irwin and Webb, 1992 is a new synonym of Henicomyia flava Lyneborg, 1972. Henicomyia varipes Kröber, 1912a is given revised species status from former synonymy with
Henicomyia hubbardii Coquillett, 1898.

References

  1. Adams, C.F. (1903) Descriptions of six new species. Pages 221–223. In: Snow, F.H. A preliminary list of the Diptera of Kansas. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 2(5), 211–223.

    Adams, C.F. (1904) Notes on and descriptions of North American Diptera. Kansas University Science Bulletin, 2 [= whole series], 14, 433–455. [= Kansas University Bulletin 4(6)].

    Agassiz, J.M. (1846a) Nomenclator zoologicus continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita, adjectis auctoribus, libris, in quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymologia et familiis, ad quas pertinent, in singulis classibus. Fascicle IX/X: Titulum et praefationem operis, Mollusca, Lepidoptera, Strepsiptera, Diptera, Myriapoda, Thysanura, Thysanoptera, Suctoria, Epizoa et Arachnidas [Pt. 4]. Nomina systematica generum Diptorum, tam viventium quibus reperiuntur, anno editionis, etymolgia et familiis ad quas pertinent. Soloduri [Solthurn, Switzerland]: Jent and Gassman, 42 pp.

    Agassiz, J.M. (1846b) Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarum et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem aphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. (= Fasc. XII). Soloduri [Solthurn, Switzerland]: Jent and Gassman, 393 pp.

    Aldrich, J.M. (1905) A catalogue of North American Diptera (or two-winged flies). Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 46(1444), 1–680.

    Aldrich, J.M. (1907) Additions to my catalogue of North American Diptera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 15, 1–9.

    Anonymous (an appointed Committee of the Academy). 1869. (Biography of) Robert Kennicott. Transactions of the Chicago Academy of Sciences, 1(2), 133–226.

    Arnaud, P.H., Jr. (1979) A catalog of the types of Diptera in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Myia, 1, v + 505 pp.

    Back, E.A. (1909) The robber-flies of America, north of Mexico, belonging to the subfamilies Leptogastrinae and Dasypogoninae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 35, 137–400.

    Baker, C.F. (1904) Diptera. Reports on Californian and Nevadan Diptera, I. Invertebrata Pacifica, 1, 17–39.

    Barnes, J.K. (2010) Revision of Nearctic Stichopogon species (Diptera: Asilidae) with white-banded abdomens, including description of Stichopogon venturiensis, new species, from coastal California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 112, 367–380. http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.112.3.367

    Becker, T. (1912) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Thereviden. Verhandlungen der Zoologischen–Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 62, 289–319.

    Becker, T. (1923) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der mit Unterstützung der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien aus der Erbschaft Treitl von F. Werner unternommenen zoologischen Expedition nach dem Anglo-Ägyptischen Suran (Kordofan) 1914. VI. Diptera. Denkschrift der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, 98, 57–82.

    Bellardi, L. (1861) Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Parte IIa. Stamperia Real, Torino [=Turin]. 99 pp.

    Bezzi, M. (1902) Neue Namen für einige Dipteren-Gattungen. Zeitschrift für systematische Hymenopterologie und Dipterologie, 2, 190–192.

    Bigot, J.M.F. (1890) Diptères nouveaux ou peu connus. 35e partie, XLIV: Therevidi. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (6), 9[1889], 321–328.

    Blanchard, E. (1852) Orden IX. Dipteros. Pages 327–468. In: Gay, C. Historia fisica y politica de Chile, Zoologia, 7. Paris. 417 pp.

    Borkent, A. & Rotheray, G. (2009) Key to Diptera Families—Larvae. Chapter 7. Pages 157–191. In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. and Zumbado, M. (eds.). Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 714 pp.

    Brauer, F. (1882) Die Zweiflügler des kaiserlichen Museums zu Wien. II. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 44(1), 59–110.

    Brèthes, J. (1907) Catálogo de los Dípteros de las Repúblicas del Plata. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 16(3), 277–305.

    Brimley, C.S. (1938) The Insects of North Carolina. Being a List of the Insects of North Carolina and their Close Relatives. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology, Raleigh. 560 pp.

    Bromley, S.W. (1934) Therevidae. Pages 360–361. In: Curran, C.H. (ed.). The Diptera of Kartabo, Bartica District, British Guiana, with descriptions from other British Guiana localities. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 66, 287–532.

    Bromley, S.W. (1937) New and little-known Utah Diptera with notes on the taxonomy of the Diptera. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 14, 99–109.

    Brown, B.V. (2009) Introduction. Chapter 1. Pages 1–7. In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. and Zumbado, M. (eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 714 pp.

    Brues, C.T., Melander, A.L. & Carpenter, F.M. (1954) Classification of insects. (Revised ed.). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 108, 917 pp.

    Buck, M., Woodley, N.E., Borkent, A., Wood, D.M., Pape, T., Vockeroth, J.R., Michelsen, V. & Marshall, S.A. (2009) Key to Diptera Families—Adults. Chapter 6. Pages 95–156. In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. and Zumbado, M. (eds.). Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 714 pp.

    Burmeister, H.C.C. (1835) Bericht über die Fortschritte der Entomologie 1834–35. Wiegmann's Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 1(2), 7–74.

    Burmeister, H.C.C. (1837) Handbuch der Naturgeschichte. [Part 2]. Enslin, Berlin. xii + 369–858.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. (1909a) Fossil Diptera from Florissant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 9–12.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. (1909b) Fossil insects from Florrisant, Colorado. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 26, 67–76.

    Cockerell, T.D.A. (1916) Some American fossil insects. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 51(2146), 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.51-2146.89

    Cockerell, T.D.A. (1927) Fossil insects from the Miocene of Colorado. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 9, 19, 161–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222932708633587

    Cole, F.R. (1923a) Revision of the North American two-winged flies of the family Therevidae. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 62(4), 1–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.62-2450.1

    Cole, F.R. (1923b) Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921. Diptera from the Islands and adjacent shores of the Gulf of California. II. General Report. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, series 4, 12, 457–481.

    Cole, F.R. (1925) Notes on the dipterous family Therevidae. The Canadian Entomologist, 57, 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent5784-4

    Cole, F.R. (1959) A new name proposed in the genus Thereva (Diptera: Therevidae). Pan Pacific Entomologist, 35(3), 148.

    Cole, F.R. (1960a) Stiletto-flies of the genus Furcifera Kröber (Diptera: Therevidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 53, 160–169.

    Cole, F.R. (1960b) New names in Therevidae and Bombyliidae (Diptera). Pan Pacific Entomologist, 36(3), 118.

    Cole, F.R. (1965) Therevidae. Pages 348–354. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H and Coulson, J.R. (eds.). A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. USA Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook, 276, 1–1696.

    Cole, F.R. & Lovett, A.L. (1921). XV. An annotated list of the Diptera (flies) of Oregon. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 11(15), 197–344.

    Cole, F.R. & Schlinger, E.I. (1969) The Flies of Western North America. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles. 693 pp.

    Collinge, W.E. (1909) Observations of the life-history and habits of Thereva nobilitata Fabr., and other species. Journal of Economic Biology, 4(1), 14–18.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1893a) Synopsis of the dipterous genus Thereva. The Canadian Entomologist, 25, 197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent25197-8

    Coquillett, D.W. (1893b) Synopsis of the dipterous genus Psilocephala. The Canadian Entomologist, 25, 222–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent25222-9

    Coquillett, D.W. (1894) Revision of the dipterous family Therevidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 2, 97–101.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1898) A new dipterous genus belonging to the Therevidae. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 6, 187–188.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1900) Papers from the Harriman Alaska Expedition. IX. Entomological results (3), Diptera. Proceedings of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 2, 389–464.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1904a) New Diptera from Central America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 6, 90–98.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1904b) New North American Diptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 6, 166–192.

    Coquillett, D.W. (1910a) Corrections to my paper on the type species of the North American genera of Diptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 42, 375–378. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent42375-11

    Coquillett, D.W. (1910b) The type-species of the North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the U. S. National Museum, 37, 499–647.

    Costa, A. (1857) Contribuzione alla fauna ditterologica italiana. Il Giambattista Vico, 2, 438-460.

    Cranston, P.S. (2005) Biogeographic patterns in the evolution of Diptera. Pages 274–311. In: Yeates, D.K., and Wiegmann, B.M. (eds.). The Evolutionary Biology of Flies. Columbia University Press, New York. 430 pp.

    Curran, C.H. (1926) New Diptera from the West Indies. American Museum Novitates, 220, 1–14.

    Curran, C.H. (1934) The Families and Genera of North American Diptera. Ballou Press, New York. 512 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6825

    Curran, C.H. (1965) The Families and Genera of North American Diptera. Second Revised Edition. Henry Tripp, Woodhaven, NY. 515 pp. Note 150.

    Dallas, W.S. (1865) Diptera, Insecta. Pages 381–710. In: Gunther, A. The records of zoological literature. John Van Voors, London, volume 2, 798 pp.

    Dufour, L. (1850) Description et iconographie de quelques diptéres de l’Espagne. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (2)8, 131–155.

    Enderlein, G. (1927) Dipterologische Studien XIX. Stettiner Entomolgische Zeitung, 88(2), 102–109.

    Enderlein, G. (1933) Entomologische Ergebnisse der Deutsch-Russichen Alai-Pamir-Expedition, 1928 (III.) 1. Diptera. Deutsche Entomolgische Zeischrift, 1933(2–3), 129–146.

    Enderlein, G. (1936) 22. Ordnung Zweiflügler Diptera. Abteilung 16. In: Brohmer, P., Erhmann, P and Ulmer, G. (Eds.). Die Tierwelt Mitteleuropas (Insekten 3), 1–259. Insekten III. Leipzig.

    Eschscholtz, J.F. (1822) Entomographien: Erste Lieferung. Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen aus Dorpat, 1, 57–186.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1977) New North American Bombyliidae with notes on some described species. Entomological News, 88, 121–126.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1990) Systematics and evolution of the genera in the subfamilies Usiinae and Phthiriinae (Diptera: Bombyliidae) of the world. Entomonograph, 11[1989], 1–72.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1994) Catalogue of the Fossil Flies of the World (Insecta: Diptera). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden. 600 pp.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (1997) Litteratura Taxonomica Dipterorum (1758–1930). Volume II. L–Z. Bachuys Publishers, Leiden, 427–871.

    Evenhuis, N.L. (2012) Insect and Spider Collections of the World. Available at: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/codens-inst.html. Last revised 1 January 2012. [accessed 2012.04.28].

    Evenhuis, N.L. & Pont, A.C. (2004) The Diptera genera of Jacques-Marie-Frangille-Bigot. Zootaxa, 751, 1–94.

    Evett, W. (1862) Stated Meeting, June 9. Written Communication (read). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Philadelphia, 1(7), 217

    Fabricius, J.C. (1775) Systema entomologiae, sistens insectorvm classes, ordines, genera, species adiectis synonymis, loci descriptionibvs, observationibvs. Flensburgi et Lispiae [= Flensburg and Leipzig] Kortii. 832 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.36510

    Fabricius, J.C. (1794) Entomologiae Systematicae Emendata et Aucta. Secundum. Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species. Volume 4. Hafniae [=Copenhagen], 472 pp.

    Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antiatorum secondum ordines, genera, species. Brunsvigae [= Brunswick]. 373 pp.

    Fallén, C.F. (1814) Anthracides Sveciae. Berlingianis, Lundae [= Lund]. 16 pp.

    Fallén, C.F. (1815) Beskrifning öfver några Rot-fluge Arter, horande till slagterna Thereva och Ocyptera. Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar [ser. 3], 1815, 229–240.

    Foote, B.A. (1991) Therevidae (Asiloidea). Pages 773–774. In: Chapter 37. Order Diptera. Pages 690–915 of Stehr, F.W. (ed.), Immature Insects. Volume 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa. 975 pp.

    Förster, A. (1862) Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconiden. Verhandlungen des naturhistorischen Vereins der Preussischen Rheinlande und Westfalens, 19, 225–288.

    Frey, R. (1921) Beitrag zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Thereviden (Dipt.). Notulae Entomologicae, 1, 81–85.

    Gaimari, S.D. & Irwin, M.E. (2000a) Phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of the cycloteline Therevinae (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 129, 129–240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2000.tb00012.x

    Gaimari, S.D. & Irwin, M.E. (2000b) Revision of the mexicana-group of the cycloteline genus Ozodiceromyia Bigot (Diptera: Therevidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 102(3), 561–600.

    Gaimari, S.D. & Webb, D.W. (2009) Therevidae (stiletto flies). Chapter 46. Pages 643–647. In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. and Zumbado, M. (eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada, 714 pp.

    Gaimari, S.D., Hauser, M. & Fricke, R. (submitted 2012) Potential Case 3605 PHYCINAE Lyneborg, 1976 (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae): proposed emendation of spelling to PHYCUSINAE to remove homonymy with PHYCINAE Swainson, 1838 (Osteichthyes: Gadiformes: Phycidae); and Phycis Walbaum [ex Artedi], 1792 (Osteichthyes: Gadiformes: Phycidae): proposed conservation of usage by designation of Blennius phycis Linnaeus, 1766 as the type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature.

    Girault, A.A. (1915) Australian Hymenoptera Chalcidoidea - VII. The family Encyrtidae with descriptions of new genera and species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 4, 1–184.

    Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (1901) List of species recorded from Mexico or Central America since 1887, not enumerated in the Supplement. Pages 377–378 (Part 15). In: Godman, F.D and Salvin, O. (eds.). Biologica Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Diptera. Volume 1 (1886–1901). Taylor and Francis, London. 378 pp. Note 151.

    González-Rincones, R. & Guyon, L. (1953) Clasificacion general de los dipteros. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 243 pp.

    Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1831) Insectes. Voyage autour du monde, exécuté par ordre du Roi, sur la corvette de sa Majesté, La Coquille, pendant les années 1822, 1823, 1824 et 1825. Sous les ministère de S.E.M. Le Marquis de Clermont-Tonnerre, et publié sous les auspices de son Excellence M. Le Cte de Chabrol, Ministre de la Marine et des Colonies (ed. by L.I. Duperrey), plates 20–21. Histoire naturelle zoologie. A. Bertrand, Paris.

    Hardy, D.E. (1938) New Therevidae (Diptera) from Utah. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 31(2), 144–146.

    Hardy, D.E. (1943) New Therevidae and Asilidae in the Snow Entomological Collection. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 16, 24–29.

    Hardy, D.E. (1966) 32. Family Scenopinidae (Omphralidae). Pages 32.1-32.5. In: Papavero, N. (ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura. São Paulo, Brazil.

    Harris, T.W. (1835) VIII. Insects. Pages 553–602. In: Hitchcock, E. Report on the geology, mineralogy, botany, and zoology of Massachusetts. 2nd ed., Amherst, Massachusetts. 702 pp.

    Hauser, M. & Irwin, M.E. (2003) The Nearctic genus Ammonaios Irwin and Lyneborg 1981 (Diptera: Therevidae). Annals of the Entomolgical Society of America, 96(6), 738–765.
    http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0738:TNGAIA]2.0.CO;2

    Hauser, M. & Irwin, M.E. (2005a) Fossil Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) from Florissant, Colorado (Upper Eocene). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 3(4), 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1477201905001690

    Hauser, M. & Irwin, M.E. (2005b) A new remarkable Xestomyzinae (Insecta, Diptera, Therevidae) genus from Mexican amber. Zootaxa, 1008, 39–45.

    Hauser, M. & Irwin, M.E. (2005c) The subfamily Xestomyzinae (Diptera: Therevidae) new to Madagascar, with the description of four new species. African Invertebrates, 46, 181–202.

    Hauser, M. & Webb, D.W. (2007) A revision of the New World stiletto fly genus Ataenogera Kröber (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae) with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 1530, 41–67.

    Hennig, W. (1948) Die Larvenformen der Dipteren. 1. Teil. Akademie-Verlag, Berlin. 185 pp.

    Holston, K.C. (2004) A systematic database of Thereva Latreille names: an answer to the nomenclatural challenge in Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera). Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 45, 1–86.

    Holston, K.C. (2005) Evidence for community structure and habitat partitioning in coastal dune stiletto flies at the Guadalupe-Nipomo dunes system, California. Journal of Insect Science, 5 (42), 1–17.

    Holston, K.C. (2009) A new species of Acantothereva Séguy, 1935, from Tunisia (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae), taxonomic consequences and phylogenetic implications. Zootaxa, 2155, 28–36.

    Holston, K.C. & Irwin, M.E. (2005) Revision of the Nearctic Thereva (Diptera: Asiloidea: Therevidae). Studia Dipterologica Supplement, 13, 1–219.

    Holston, K.C., Irwin, M.E. & Thompson, F.C. (2003) Case 3251. Thereva Latreille, 1797 and Phasia Latreille, 1804 (Insecta, Diptera): proposed conservation of usage by designation of Musca plebeja Linnaeus, 1758 as the type species of Thereva. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 60, 198–202.

    Holston, K.C., Irwin, M.E. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2007) Monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of Thereva and therevine genus-groups (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae) based on EF-1α, 23S rDNA and mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Invertebrate Systematics, 21, 279–296.http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IS06005

    Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. & Gaedike, R. (1990) Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium über den Verbleib entomogischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Tiel II: L bis Z. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, Berlin. Pp. 221–573.

    International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (2006) Opinion 2142 (Case 3251). Thereva Latreille, 1797 and Phasia Latreille, 1804 (Insecta, Diptera), usage conserved by the designation of Musca plebeja Linnaeus, 1758 as the type species of Thereva. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 63, 72–73.

    Irwin, M.E. (1972) Diagnoses and habitat preferences of the immature stages of three South African species of the Xestomyza-group (Diptera: Therevidae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 21, 377–389.

    Irwin, M.E. (1977a) A new genus and species of stiletto-flies from southwestern North America with close affinities to Chilean and Australian genera (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Pan Pacific Entomologist, 53, 287–296.

    Irwin, M.E. (1977b) Two new genera and four new species of the Pherocera-group from western North America, with observations on habitats and behavior (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 79(3), 422–451.

    Irwin, M.E. (1978) Holotype deposition of Henicomyia bicolor. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 80(1), 74.

    Irwin, M.E. (1983) The boharti species group of the genus Pherocera (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Pan Pacific Entomologist, 59(1–4), 113–139.

    Irwin, M.E. & Lyneborg, L. (1981a) The genera of Nearctic Therevidae. Bulletin of the Illinois Natural History Survey, 32[1980], 193–277.

    Irwin, M.E & Lyneborg, L. (1981b) Therevidae. Chapter 37. Pages 513–523. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J. R. and Wood, D.M. (coords.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Monograph 27, 674 pp .

    Irwin, M.E & Webb, D.W. (1992) Brasilian Therevidae (Diptera), A checklist and discriptions [sic] of species. Acta Amazonica, 21, 85–121.

    Jaennicke, F. (1867) Neue exotische Dipteren. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 6, 311–408.

    James, M.T. (1936) New species and records of Colorado Diptera. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 44, 341–344.

    James, M.T. (1949) Some new and poorly known Therevidae (Diptera) from Colorado. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 42, 10–13.

    James, M.T. (1975) 24. Family Xylophagidae. Pages 24.1-24.6. In: Papavero, N. (ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas South of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia, Secretaria da Agricultura. São Paulo, Brazil.

    James, M.T. & Huckett, H.C. (1952) The Diptera collected by I. O. Buss in southwestern Yukon Territory during the summer of 1950. The Canadian Entomologist, 84, 265–269. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent84265-9

    Johannsen, O.A. (1903) Notes on some Adirondack Diptera collected by Messrs. McGillivray and Houghton. Entomological News, 15, 14–17.

    Johannsen, O.A. (1928) Order Diptera. Pages 687–868. In Leonard, M.D. (ed.), A List of the Insects of New York with a List of the Spiders and Certain Other Allied Groups. Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 101, 5-1121.

    Johnson, C.W. (1902) New North American Diptera. The Canadian Entomologist, 34, 240–242. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent34240-9

    Johnson, C.W. (1910) Order Diptera. Pages 703–814. In Smith, J. B. (ed.), The Insects of New Jersey. Annual Report of the New Jersey State Museum, 1909, 15–888.

    Johnson, C.W. (1925) Diptera of the Harris Collection. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 38, 57–99.

    Johnson, C.W. (1926) New species of Diptera from North Carolina and Florida. Psyche, 32[1925], 299–302.

    Kampmeier, G.E. & Irwin, M.E. (2009) Meeting the interrelated challenges of tracking specimen, nomenclature, and literature data in Mandala. Chapter 15. Pages 407–437. In: Pape, T., Meier, R. and Bickel, D. (eds.). Diptera Diversity: Status, Challenges and Tools. Brill Academic Publishers, Leiden. 459 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004148970.I-459.65

    Kelsey, P. (1969) A revision of the Scenopinidae (Diptera) of the world. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 277, 1–336.

    Kertész, K. (1897) Psilocephala laticornis Lw. Termeszetrajzi Fuzetek 10: 614–616

    Kertész, K. (1909) Catalogus dipterorum hucusque descriptorum. Volume 5. Lipsiae, Budapestini. [= Leipzig, Budapest]. 199 pp.

    Kimsey, L.S., Kimsey, R.B. & Toft, C.A. (1981) Life history of Bembix inyoensis in Death Valley (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 54, 665–672.

    Knowlton, G.F. & Harmston, F.C. (1937) Utah Diptera. Proceedings of the Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters, 14, 141-149.

    Kowarz, F. (1883) Beiträge zu einem Verzeichnisse der Dipteren Böhmens. III. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 2, 241–243.

    Kröber, O. (1911) Die Thereviden Süd- und Mittelamerikas. Annales Musei Nationalis Hungarici, 9, 475–529.

    Kröber, O. (1912a) Die Thereviden Nordamerikas. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 73, 209–272.

    Kröber, O. (1912b) Monographie der paläarktischen und afrikanischen Thereviden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1912(3), 251–266.

    Kröber, O. (1912c) Monographie der paläarktischen und afrikanischen Thereviden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1912(2), 109–140.

    Kröber, O. (1913a) Die Omphraliden. Eine monographische Studie. Annales Musei Nationales Hungarici, 21, 174–210.

    Kröber, O. (1913b) Diptera. Family Therevidae. In: Wytsman, P. (ed.). Genera insectorum, 148, 1–69.

    Kröber, O. (1914a) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Thereviden und Omphraliden. Jahrbuch der Hamburgischen Wissenschaftlichen Anstalten (= Mitteilungen des Naturhistorischen Museums Hamburg), 31(2), 29–74.

    Kröber, O. (1914b) Diptera. Family Omphralidae. In: Wytsman, P. (ed.). Genera insectorum, 161, 1–16.

    Kröber, O. (1924a) 26 Therevidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 4(1), 1–16.

    Kröber, O. (1924b) 26 Therevidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 4(2), 17–32.

    Kröber, O. (1925) 26 Therevidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der palaearktischen Region, 4(3), 33–60.

    Kröber, O. (1928a) Neue und wenig bekannte Dipteren aus den Familien Omphralidae, Conopidae und Therevidae. Konowia, 7, 1–23.

    Kröber, O. (1928b) Neue und wenig bekannte Dipteren aus den Familien Omphralidae, Conopidae und Therevidae. Konowia, 7, 113–134.

    Kröber, O. (1928c) Neue Dipteren des Deutschen Entomolog. Museums in Dahlem (Conopidae, Omphralidae, Therevidae, Tabanidae). Entomologische Mitteilungen, 17(1), 31–41.

    Kröber, O. (1929a) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Thereviden und Tabaniden (Dipt.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, (1928) 5, 417–434.

    Kröber, O. (1929b) Die Ausbeute der Deutschen Chaco-Expedition 1925/26 (Diptera). XI. Therevidae. Konowia, 8, 170–172.

    Kröber, O. (1937a) Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Omphraliden (Scenopiniden), Diptera. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 98: 211–231.

    Kröber, O. (1937b) Katalog der palaearktischen Thereviden, nebst Tabellen und Zusätzen sowie Neubeschreibungen. Acta Instituti et Musei Zoologici Universitatis Atheniensi, 1, 269–321.

    Lambkin, C.L., Recsei, J.M. and Yeates, D.K. (2005) Systematic revision of Johnmannia Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae): Atypical metallic stiletto flies from Australian mesic habitats. Zootaxa, 86, 1–28.

    Lambkin, C.L., Trueman, J.W.H., Yeates, D.K., Holston, K.C., Webb, D.W., Hauser, M., Metz, M.A., Hill, H.N., Skevington, J.H., Yang, L., Irwin, M.E. and Wiegmann, B.M. (2009) Supertrees and the Tree of Life: generating a metaphylogeny for a diverse invertebrate family (Insecta: Diptera: Therevidae) using constraint trees and the parsimony ratchet to overcome low taxon overlap. Systematic Entomology, 23, 171–191.

    Latreille, P.A. (1797) Précis des caractères génériques des Insectes, disposés dans un ordre naturel par le Citoyen Latreille. “1796.” Paris (Brive), Prévôt (F. Bourdeaux). xiii + [i] + 201 + [7] pp. Note 152.

    Latreille, P.A. (1802). Histoire naturelle générale et particulière des crustacés et des insectes. Tome troisieme. F. Dufart, Paris. 468 pp.

    LeConte, J.L. (ed.) (1859) The complete writings of Thomas Say on the entomology of North America. Volume 2. H. Bailliere, New York. 814 pp.

    Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae. 10th Edition. Volume 1. L. Salvii, Holmiae [=Stockholm]. 824 pp.

    Linnaeus, C. (1761) Fauna svecica sistens animalis Sveciae regni. Editio Altera, Auctior. L. Salvii, Stockholmaie [=Stockholm]. 578 pp.

    Lioy, P. (1864) I ditteri distribuiti secondo un nuovo metodo di classificazione naturale [part]. Atti del Reale Instituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, (3) 9, 719–771.

    Loew, H. (1847) Dipterologische Beiträge. Zweiter Theil. Öffentliche Prüfung der Schüler des Königlichen Friedrich-Wilhems-Gymnasiums zu Posen, 1847, 1–50.

    Loew, H. (1854) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Dipteren. Zweiter Beitrag. Berlin. E.S. Mittler and Sohn, 1–24.

    Loew, H. (1856) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria decima. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 16, 49–124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18720160110

    Loew, H. (1858) Bidrag till kännedomen om Afrikas Diptera (part). Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 14 (1857), 337–383.

    Loew, H. (1869) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria octava. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 13, 1–52.

    Loew, H. (1870) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria nona. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, (1869) 13, 129–186.

    Loew, H. (1872a) Diptera Americae septentrionalis indigena. Centuria decima. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 16, 49–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18720160110

    Loew, H. (1872b). Diptera americae septentrionalis indigena. II. A.W. Schadii, Berolini [=Berlin], 300pp.

    Loew, H. (1874a) Diptera nova a Hug. Theod. Christopho collecta. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 43, 413–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18740180323

    Loew, H. (1874b) Neue nordamerikanische Diptera. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 18, 378–384.

    Loew, H. (1876) Beschreibung neuer amerikanischen Dipteren. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, 48, 317–340.

    Lyneborg, L. (1968a) A comparative description of the male terminalia in Thereva Latr., Dialineura Rond., and Psilocephala Zett. (Diptera: Therevidae). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 36, 546–559.

    Lyneborg, L. (1968b) On the genus Dialineura Rondani, 1856 (Diptera, Therevidae. Entomologisk Tidskrift, 89(3–4), 147–172.

    Lyneborg, L. (1969) Redescriptions of six Therevidae from the Americas, described by J.C. Fabricius and L. Bellardi. (Diptera). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 37, 389–412.

    Lyneborg, L. (1972) A revision of the Xestomyza-group of Therevidae (Diptera). Annals of the Natal Museum, 21(2), 297–376.

    Lyneborg, L. (1975) The first record of an authentic Dialineura species in North America (Diptera: Therevidae). Quaestiones Entomologicae, 11, 577–578.

    Lyneborg, L. (1976a) A revision of the Therevine stiletto-flies (Diptera: Therevidae) of the Ethiopian region. Bulletin of the British Museum, Entomology, 33(3), 189–346.

    Lyneborg, L. (1976b) Caenozona Kröber, 1912, and Reingiellum Enderlein, 1933, two new synonyms of Thereva Latr., 1796, and Thereva freidbergi, nom. nov. for T. arcuata Kröber, 1912 nec Loew, 1847 (Diptera: Therevidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 7, 238–239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631276X00405

    Lyneborg, L. (1978a) The Afrotropical species of Phycus Walker (Diptera: Therevidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 9, 212–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631278X00467

    Lyneborg, L. (1978b) Neotherevella, a new genus of Therevidae (Diptera) from the Palaearctic and Afrotropical Regions. Entomologica Scandinavica, 9, 75–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631278X00241

    Lyneborg, L. (1983) A review of the Palaearctic genera of Phycinae (Insecta, Diptera, Therevidae). Steenstrupia, 9(8), 181–205.

    Lyneborg, L. (1984) Ammothereva, a new Palaearctic genus of Therevidae, with a review of the 13 included species (Insecta, Diptera). Steenstrupia, 10(7), 205–222.

    Lyneborg, L. (1986a) Genera of Therevidae new to the Palaearctic region (Insecta, Diptera). Steenstrupia, 12(3), 61–71.

    Lyneborg, L. (1986b) The Palaearctic species of Pandivirilia Irwin and Lyneborg, 1981 (Insecta, Diptera, Therevidae). Steenstrupia, 12(5), 85–98.

    Lyneborg, L. (1987) Notes on the Phycini of southern Africa with a description of a new genus and two new species (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Annal of the Natal Museum, 28(2), 467–474.

    Lyneborg, L. (1988) Revision of Orthactia Kröber, 1912, with descriptions of six new species (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 29(2), 537–555.

    Lyneborg, L. (1989a) Family Therevidae. Pages 11–35. In: Soós, A and Papp, L. (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Volume 6. Académiae Kiadó, Budapest. 435 pp.

    Lyneborg, L. (1989b) The first records of Phycini from Madagascar (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 30, 159–163.

    Lyneborg, L. (1989c) Iberotelus, a new genus of Therevidae (Diptera) from Spain. Eos, 64, 89–94.

    Lyneborg, L.(1989d) The subsaharan species of Acathrito Lyneborg, 1983 (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Natal Museum, 30, 165–172.

    Lyneborg, L. (2001) The Australian Stiletto-flies of the Anabarhynchus Genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae). Entomonograph, 13, 1–256.

    Lyneborg, L. (2002) Two new species of Ataenogera Kröber from South America (Dipt., Therevidae). The Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 138, 103–107.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1841a) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Volume 2, Part 1. Mémoires de la Société Royal es Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Artes de Lille 1840, 283–413. Note 153.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1841b) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connu. Volume 2, Part 1. N.E. Roret, Paris. 5–135 pp. Note 153.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1846a) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplément. Mémoires de la Société Royal es Sciences, de l’Agriculture et des Artes de Lille, 1844, 133–364. Note 153.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1846b) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Supplément I. N.E. Roret, Paris, (1844), 5–238 pp. Note 153.

    Macquart, P.J.M. (1850) Diptères exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. 4[e] supplément. Mémoires de la Société Royal es Sciences, de l'Agriculture et des Artes de Lille, 1849, 309–479.

    Malloch, J.R. (1917) A preliminary classification of Diptera, exclusive of Pupipara, based upon larval and pupal characters, with keys to imagines in certain families. Part I. Bulletin of the Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History, 12(3), vi + 161–409.

    Malloch, J.R. (1932) Therevidae. Pages 235–257. In: British Museum (Natural History), Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile, 5 (3). The British Museum, London.

    Marschall, A.F. de (1873) Nomenclator Zoologicus continens nomina systematica generum animalium tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum disposita. C. Ueberreuter, Vindobonae [= Wien]. v + 482 pp.

    Martin, C.H. (1968) The new family Leptogastridae (the grass flies) compared with the Asilidae (robber flies) (Diptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 41: 70–100.

    Martin, C.H. & Wilcox, J. (1965) Asilidae. Pages 360–402. In: Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H and Coulson, J.R. (eds.). A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. USA Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook, 276, 1–1696.

    McAlpine, J.F. (1981) Key to Families—Adults. Chapter 4. Pages 89–124. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J. R. and Wood, D.M. (coords.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Monograph 27, 674 pp.

    McGillivray, A.D. & Houghton, C.O. (1903) A list of insects taken in the Adirondack Mountains, New York.—II. Entomological News, 14, 12–13.

    Meigen, J.W. (1820) Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insecten. Erster Band, Vierter Thiel. Schultz-Wundermann, Hamm. xii + 428 pp.

    Melander, A.L. (1949) A report on some Miocene Diptera from Florrissant, Colorado. American Museum Novitates, 1407, 1–63.

    Metz, M.A. (2003) Description of a new species of Caenotus Cole (Diptera: Scenopinidae) from Baja California Sur, Mexico, with a review of the genus. Zootaxa, 223, 1-11.

    Metz, M.A. & Irwin, M.E. (2000) Revision of Lindneria Kröber, with the description of two new genera Insulatitan and Ambradolon, a fossil from Dominican amber (Diptera, Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93(5), 977–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0977:ROLKBW]2.0.CO;2

    Metz, M.A. & Webb, D.W. (2003) Distostylus gen. nov., a monotypic therevine genus (Diptera: Asiloidea: Therevidae) from the Caribbean Island of Dominca. Zootaxa, 222, 1–12.

    Metz, M.A., Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (2003) A review of the genus Psilocephala Zetterstedt (Diptera: Therevidae), with the description of four new genera. Studia Dipterologica, 10(1), 227–266.

    Miller, D. (1950) Catalogue of the Diptera of the New Zealand subregion. Bulletin of the New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 100, 194 pp.

    Nagatomi, A. & Lyneborg, L. (1987) A new genus and species of Therevidae from Japan (Diptera). Kontyû, Tokyo, 55(1), 116–122.

    Newman, E. (1834) Attempted division of British insects into natural orders. Entomological Magazine, 2, 379–431.

    O’Hara, J.E., Cerretti, P., Pape, T. & Evenhuis, N.L. (2011) Nomenclatural studies toward a world list of Diptera genus-group names. Part II: Camillo Rondani. Zootaxa, 3141, 1–268.

    Oldroyd, H. (1968) New Therevidae from Argentina. Journal of Natural History, 2, 377–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222936800770371

    Olivier, A.G. (1813) Premièr mèmoire sur quelques insectes qui attaquent les céréales. Mémoires de la Société d'Agriculture, Departement de la Seine, 16, 477–495.

    Osten Sacken, R. (1858) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 3(1), 1–96.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1877) Western Diptera: Descriptions of new genera and species of Diptera from the region west of the Mississippi and especially from California. U. S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 3, 189–354.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1878) Catalogue of the described Diptera of North America. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections (2nd. Edition), 270, 1–276.

    Osten Sacken, C.R. (1887) Insecta. Diptera. Pages 161–176 (Part 7). In: Godman, F.D. and Salvin, O. (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Diptera. Volume 1 (1886–1901). Taylor and Francis, London. 378 pp.

    Ôuchi, Y. (1943a) Contributiones ad congnitionem insectorum Asiae orientalis 13. Shanghai Sizenkagu Kenkyūsyo Ihō, 13, 483–492.

    Ôuchi, Y. (1943b) Diptera Sinica. Thervidae 1. On three new stilleto flies from East China. Shanghai Sizenkagu Kenkyūsyo Ihō, 13, 477–482.

    Panzer, G.W.F. (1798) Faunae insectorum germanicae initiae oder Deutschlands Insecten. Volume 54. Felsecker, Nürnberg [=Nuremberg]. 24 pp.

    Papavero, N. & Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2001) Contributions to a history of Mexican dipterology. -Part I. Entomologists and their works before the Biologia Centrali-Americana. Acta Zoología Mexicana, (n.s.) 84, 65–173.

    Papavero, N. & Ibáñez-Bernal, S. (2003) Contributions to a history of Mexican dipterology. -Part II. The Biologia Centrali-Americana. Acta Zoología Mexicana, (n.s.) 88, 143–232.

    Pape, T. & Thompson, F.C. (eds.). (2010). Systema Dipterorum, Version 1.0. http://diptera.org/. Last revised 10 August 2010. [accessed 2012.08.24].

    Perty, J.A.M. (1841) Allgemeine Naturgeschichte, als philosophische und Humanitäts-Wissenschaft für Naturforscher, Philosophen und das höher gebildete Publikum. Vol. 3. C. Fischer, Bern. xii + 467–1119.

    Philippi, R.A. (1865) Aufzählung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 15, 595–782.

    Poole, R.W. (1996) Diptera. Pages 15–604. In: Poole, R.W. and Gentili, P. (eds.), Nomina Insecta Nearctica. A checklist of the insects of North America. Volume 3: Diptera, Lepidoptera, Siphonaptera. Entomological Information Services, Rockville, Maryland. 1143 pp.

    Reed, E.C. (1888) Catálogo de los Insectos Dipteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271–316.

    Richards, O.W. (1929) Systematic notes on the Borboridae (Diptera), with descriptions of new species of Leptocera (Limosina). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 65(3), 171–176.

    Röder, V. von (1885a) Ueber die Dipteren Gattungen Agapophytus Guérin und Phycus Walk. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 29, 137–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.18850290121

    Röder, V. von (1885b) Dipteren von der Insel Portorico. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 46, 337–349.

    Röder, V. von (1894) Genus Caenophanes Lw. Entomologische Nachrichten, 20, 173–174.

    Rondani, C. (1848) Esame di varie specie d’insetti ditteri brasiliani. Studi Entomologici (Turin) 1: 63–112.

    Rondani, C. (1856) Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Volume 1. Genera Italica ordinis dipterorum ordinatim disposita et distincta et in familias et stirpes aggregata. A Stocchi, Parmae [=Parma]. 228 pp.

    Rondani, C. (1863) Diptera exotica revisa et annotata. Novis non nullis descriptis. E. Soliani, Modena. 99 pp.

    Rye, E.C. (1874) Insecta. Diptera. Zoological Record (for 1872), 9. 382–390.

    Sabrosky, C.W. (1978) A third set of corrections to “A Catalog of the Diptera of America North of Mexico.” Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America, 24(2), 143–144.

    Sabrosky, C.W. (1999) Family-group names and bibliography. Myia, 10, 1–576.

    Say, T. (1823) Descriptions of dipterous insects of the United States. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelpha, 3, 9–54, 73–104.

    Say, T. (1824) Appendix. Part I. Natural History. 1. Zoology. E. Class Insecta. Pages 268–378. In: Keating, W.H. Major Long’s second expedition, 2, 1–459. H.C. Carey and. I. Lea, Philadelphia Publishers, Philadelphia.

    Say, T. (1829) Descriptions of North American dipterous insects. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 6, 149–178.

    Schiner, I.R. (1860) Fauna Austriaca. Die Fliegen (Diptera). Theil 1, Heft 2, pages 73–184. C. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [=Vienna].

    Schiner, J.R. (1868) Diptera. Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Volume 2, Part I, Section B. K. Gerold's Sohn, Wien [=Vienna]. vi + 1–388 pp, 4 pls.

    Schoch, G. (1890) Fauna insectorum Helvetiae, Diptera. Bolli & Böcherer, Schaffhausen. 27 pp.

    Séguy, E. (1941) Diptères recueillis par M. L. Chopard d’Alger a la Coté d’Ivoire. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (1840) 109, 109–130.

    Sinclair, B.J., Cumming, J.M. & Wood, D.M. (1994) Homology and phylogenetic implications of male genitalia in Diptera – Lower Brachycera. Entomologica Scandinavica, 24, 407–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187631293X00190

    Speiser, P. (1923) Aethiopische Dipteren. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 40, 81–99.

    Stearns, R.E.C. (1866) Remarks of Rob't E.C. Stearns, and resolutions of the California Academy of Natural Sciences upon the death of Robert Kennicott. California Academy of Natural Sciences, San Francisco. 4 pp.

    Stein, P. (1919) Die Anthomyidengattungen der Welt, analytisch bearbeitet, nebst einem kritisch-systematischen Verzeichnis aller aussereuropäischen Arten. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 83(A1) [1917], 85–178.

    Stone, A., Sabrosky, C.W., Wirth, W.W., Foote, R.H. & Coulson, J.R. (eds.) (1965) A catalog of the Diptera of America north of Mexico. USA Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook, 276, 1–1696.

    Stuardo-Ortiz, C.S. (1946) Catalogo de los Dipteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agriculture, Santiago, Chile. 250 pp.

    Swainson, W. (1838) On the natural history and classification of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles. Volume I. Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans, London. 368 pp.

    Teskey, H.J. (1976) Diptera larvae associated with trees in North America. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 100, 1–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/entm108100fv

    Teskey, H.J. (1981) Key to Families—Larvae. Chapter 5. Pages 125–147. In: McAlpine, J.F., Peterson, B.V., Shewell, G.E., Teskey, H.J., Vockeroth, J.R. and Wood, D.M. (coords.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 1. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Monograph 27, 674 pp.

    Teskey, H.J. (1991a) Introduction. Pages 690–707. In: Chapter 37. Order Diptera. Pages 690–915 of Stehr, F.W. (ed.), Immature Insects. Volume 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa. 975 pp.

    Teskey, H.J. (1991b) Key to Families of Larvae. Pages 708–730. In: Chapter 37. Order Diptera. Pages 690–915 of Stehr, F.W. (ed.), Immature Insects. Volume 2. Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa. 975 pp.

    Trautwein, M.D., Wiegmann, B.M. and Yeates, D.K. (2010). A multigene phylogeny of the fly superfamily Asiloidea (Insecta): Taxon sampling and additional genes reveal the sister-group to all higher flies (Cyclorrhapha). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56(3), 918–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2010.04.017

    Walbaum, J.J. (1792). Petri Artedi sueci Genera Piscium in quibus systema totum Ichthyologiae proponitur cum classibus, ordinibus, generum characteribus, specierum differentiis, observationibus plurimis: redactis Speciebus 242 ad Genera 52. Ichthyologiae pars 3. Ant. Ferdin. Röse: Grypeswaldiae [= Greifswald]. viii + 723 pp + 3 pl.

    Walker, F. (1848) List of the specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. British Museum, London 1. 229 pp.

    Walker, F. (1850) Vol. 1. Diptera. [Part 1] Pages 1–76. In: W.W.Saunders (ed.) [1850–1856]. Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders. John Van Voorst, London. 474pp.

    Walker, F. (1852) Vol. 1. Diptera. [Part 3] Pages 157–414. In: W.W.Saunders (ed.) [1850–1856]. Insecta Saundersiana: or characters of undescribed insects in the collection of William Wilson Saunders. John Van Voorst, London. 474pp.

    Walker, F. (1854) List of specimens of dipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum, 5 [Supplement 1], 1–330. British Museum, London.

    Walker, F. (1857) Characters of undescribed Diptera in the collection of W.W. Saunders. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, new series [= ser. 2], 4, 119–158.

    Walker, F. (1874) Notes on Diptera and lists of species. First series. E.W. Janson, London. [1] + 37 pp.

    Webb, D.W. (2003) The genera Cliorismia, Dichoglena, and Psilocephala in the Nearctic Region (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 76(3), 484–508.

    Webb, D.W. (2005a) A revision of the Holarctic genus Spiriverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa, 816, 1–56.

    Webb, D.W. (2005b) Revision of the Neotropical stiletto fly genus Notiothereva Metz and Irwin (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa, 1059, 1–32.

    Webb, D.W. (2005c) New genera of Neotropical Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera). Zootaxa, 1091, 1–26.

    Webb, D.W. (2006) The Neotropical genera Microthereva Malloch and Peralia Malloch (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa, 1295, 1–27.

    Webb, D.W. (2007) A new genus and new species of Nearctic Therevidae (Insecta: Diptera) from southern New Mexico. Zootaxa, 1495, 41–46.

    Webb, D.W. (2009) A revision of the genera Acrosathe Irwin and Lyneborg, Arenigena Irwin and Lyneborg, and Litolinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) from the Nearctic Region. Zootaxa, 2091, 1–67.

    Webb, D.W. & Hauser, M. (2011) Revision of the genus Stenogephyra Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Phycinae). Zootaxa, 2837, 67–85.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1988) The genera Ataenogera and Phycus in the New World. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, (1989) 91(1), 35–50.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1991a) A revision of the Nearctic species of Dialineura Rondani and Pallicephala Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 93(4), 869–898.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1991b) The Nearctic genus Nebritus Coquillett (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 93(4), 899–913.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1991c) The North American genus Megalinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 93(4), 914–924.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1995) The New World genus Chromolepida Cole (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 97, 197–224.

    Webb, D.W. & Irwin, M.E. (1999) Revision of Tabuda Walker and Tabudamima Irwin and Lyneborg with the description of a new genus Incoxoverpa Webb and Irwin (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 92(5), 644–674.

    Webb, D.W. & Metz, M.A. (2003a) The Nearctic species of Pandivirilia Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 96(4), 369–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/0013-8746(2003)096[0369:TNSOPI]2.0.CO;2

    Webb, D.W. & Metz, M.A. (2003b) The South American genus Protothereva Malloch (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 234, 1–12.

    Webb, D.W & Metz, M.A. (2004) The South American genus Nigranitida Metz (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) with the description of three new species. Zootaxa, 757, 1–16.

    Webb, D.W. & Metz, M.A. (2006) A revision of the New World genera Brachylinga Irwin and Lyneborg and Lysilinga Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae) with the description of a new genus, Elcaribe Webb. Zootaxa, 1288, 1–241.

    Webb, D.W. & Metz, M.A. (2008) Revision of the New World genus Penniverpa Irwin and Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa, 1720, 1–45.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1820) Munus rectoris in Academia Christiano-Albertina interum aditurus nova Dipterorum genera. Offert iconibusque illustrat. C.F. Mohr, Kiliae [= Kiel]. viii + 23 pp.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1821) Diptera exotica. Pars I. Tabulis aeneis duabus. 2nd ed. Kiliae [= Kiel]. xix + 244 pp.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1824) Munus Rectoris in Academia Christiana Albertina aditurus Analecta entomologica ex Museo Regio Havniensi maxime congesta profert iconibusque illustrat. E regio typographeo scholarum, Kiliae [= Kiel]. 60 pp.

    Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1828) Aussereuropäische zweiflügelige Insekten. Volume 1. Schulz, Hamm. 608 pp.

    Williston, S.W. (1886) Dipterological notes and descriptions. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 13, 287–307.

    Williston, S.W. (1896) On the Diptera of St. Vincent (West Indies). Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1896(3), 253–449.

    Williston, S.W. (1901) Supplement [part]. Pages 297–328 (Part 14). In: Godman, F.D. and Salvin, O. (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Diptera. Volume 1 (1886–1901). Taylor and Francis, London. 378 pp.

    Williston, S.W. (1908) Manual of North American Diptera. J.T. Hathaway, New Haven. 405 pp.

    Winterton, S.L. (2004) Are hind coxal knobs a synapomorphy for therevids? An unusual new species of Anabarhynchus Macquart from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae: Therevinae). Zootaxa, 413, 1–8.

    Winterton S.L. (2006) New species of Eupsilocephala Kröber from Australia (Diptera: Therevidae). Zootaxa, 1372, 17–25.

    Winterton, S.L. (2007) New species of Acraspisoides Hill & Winterton and Bonjeania Irwin & Lyneborg (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae), with the description of a new genus. Zootaxa, 1438, 1-25.

    Winterton S.L. (2011) New stiletto flies in the genera Acupalpa Kröber and Pipinnipons Winterton (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae) described using cybertaxonomic tools. Zookeys, 95, 29–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.95.1461

    Winterton, S.L. & Irwin, M.E. (2001) Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytus Guérin (Diptera: Therevidae: Agapophytinae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15, 467–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IT00027

    Winterton, S.L., Irwin, M.E. & Yeates, D.K. (1999) Phylogenetic revision of the Taenogera Kröber genus-group (Diptera: Therevidae), with descriptions of two new genera. Australian Journal of Entomology, 38, 274–290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-6055.1999.00126.x

    Winterton, S.L., Yang, L., Wiegmann, B.M. & Yeates, D.K. (2001) Phylogenetic revision of Agapophytinae subf. n. (Diptera: Therevidae) based on molecular and morphological evidence. Systematic Entomology, 26, 173–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2001.00142.x

    Wolcott, G.N. (1951) The insects of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, (1948) 32(3): 748 pp.

    Wolcott, G.N. & Otero, J. (1936) "Insectae Borinquenses", a revised annotated check-list of the insects of Puerto Rico. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 20(1): 627 pp.

    Woodley, N.E. (1989) Phylogeny and classification of the “Orthorrhaphous” Brachycera. Chapter 115. Pages 1371–1395. In: McAlpine, J.F. (ed.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera, Volume 3. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. Monograph 32, 1333–1581.

    Woodley, N.E. (2011) A catalog of the world Xylophagidae (Insecta: Diptera). Myia, 12, 455 -500

    Woodley, N.E., Borkent, A. and Wheeler, T.A. (2009) Phylogeny of the Diptera. Chapter 5. Pages 79–94. In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. and Zumbado, M. (eds.). Manual of Central American Diptera. Volume 1. National Research Council Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. 714 pp.

    Woodworth, C.W. (1913) Guide to California Insects. The Law Press, Berkeley. 360 pp.

    Wray, D.L. (1967) Insects of North Carolina. Third Supplement. North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Raleigh. 181 pp.

    Wulp, F.M., van der (1882) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 25, 77–136.

    Wulp, F.M., van der (1888) Nieuwe Argentijnsche Diptera van Wijlen Prof. H. Weyanbergh, Jr. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 31, 359–376.

    Wulp, F.M., van der (1897) Zur Dipteren-Fauna von Ceylon. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 20, 136–144.

    Wulp, F.M. van der (1898) Insecta. Diptera. Pages 377–384 (Part 22). In: Godman, F.D. and Salvin, O. (eds.). Biologia Centrali-Americana. Insecta. Diptera. Volume 2 (1888–1903). Taylor and Francis, London. 489 pp.

    Yang, L., Wiegmann, B.M., Yeates, D.K. & Irwin, M.E. (2000) Higher-level phylogeny of the Therevidae (Diptera: Insecta) based on 28S Ribosomal and Elongation Factor-1alpha gene sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 15, 440–451. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0771

    Yeates, D.K. (1994) The cladistics and classification of the Bombyliidae (Diptera: Asiloidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 219, 1–191.

    Yeates, D.K. (2002) Relationships of extant lower Brachycera (Diptera): a quantitative synthesis of morphological characters. Zoologica Scripta, 31, 105–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0300-3256.2001.00077.x

    Yeates, D.K., Irwin, M.E. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2003) Ocoidae, a new family of asiloid flies (Diptera: Brachycera: Asiloidea), based on Ocoa chilensis gen. and sp.n. from Chile, South America. Systematic Entomology, 28, 417–431.http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.2003.00224.x

    Yeates, D.K., Irwin, M.E. & Wiegmann, B.M. (2006) Evocoidae (Diptera : Asiloidea), a new family name for Ocoidae, based on Evocoa, a new replacement name for the Chilean genus Ocoa Yeates, Irwin, and Wiegmann. Systematic Entomology, 31(2), 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00332.x

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1970) Revision of the genus Platarista Speiser (Diptera, Therevidae). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal, 49, 1415–1418.

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1971) A revision of the Palearctic species of the genus Dialineura Rondani (Diptera, Therevidae). Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye, 50, 183–199. (In Russian).

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1975) On the fauna of Therevidae (Diptera) of Mongolia. II. Insects of Mongolia, 3, 539–545.

    Zaitzev, V.F. (1986) On the fauna Therevidae (Diptera) of the Far East. Proceedings of the Zoological Institute, Leningrad, 16, 3–9.

    Zetterstedt, J.W. (1838) Dipterologis Scandinaviae. Section 3. Pages 477–868. In: Zetterstedt, J.W. Insecta Lapponica. Lipsiae [= Leipzig]. 1140 pp.

    Zimsen, E. (1954) The insect types of C.R.W. Wiedemann in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Spolia Zoologica Musei Hauniensis, 14, 1–43.

    Zimsen, E. (1964) The type material of I.C. Fabricius. Munksgaard, Copenhagen. 654 pp.