Abstract
Here we provide a checklist of millipedes described or recorded in the literature from Venezuela. The diplopod fauna is comprised of eight orders, 18 families, 54 genera, and 157 species. The millipede orders Glomerida, Chordeumatida, Julida, Siphoniulida, and Platydesmida (known elsewhere in the Western Hemisphere) are not, as of yet, reported from the Venezuelan fauna. Two widely distributed invasive species, Asiomorpha coarctata and Oxidus gracilis, were recorded from Venezuela. All species records listed here contain comprehensive citation and synonymy lists. Numerous locality data are questionable and are discussed. For most species, the supposed deposition of the type specimens is given. However, the museum and gender information is taken mostly from the literature as the type specimen themselves were not examined. An analysis of records extracted from GBIF in 2016 and in 2018 was conducted and compared to the data captured from the published taxonomic literature. The data in this checklist are summarized online at the MilliBase website.
References
Ariño, A.H., Chavan, V. & Faith, D.P. (2013) Assessment of user needs of primary biodiversity data: Analysis, concerns, and challenges. Biodiversity Informatics, 8 (2), 59–93.
https://doi.org/10.17161/bi.v8i2.4094
Attems, C.G. (1897) Myriopoden. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt, 23 (3), 473–536.
Attems, C.G. (1898) System der Polydesmiden. I. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 67, 221–482.
Attems, C.G. (1899) System der Polydesmiden. II. Theil. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe, 68, 251–435.
Attems, C.G. (1901) Neue Polydesmiden des Hamburger Museums. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 18, 83–107.
Attems, C.G. (1914a) Die indo-australischen Myriopoden. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 80 A (4), 1–398.
Attems, C.G. (1914b) Afrikanische Spirosteptiden nebst Überblick über die Spirostreptiden orbis terrarum. Zoologica, Stuttgart, 25 (65 & 66), 1–235.
Attems, C.G. (1926) Progoneata, Chilopoda, Insecta 1. In: Kükenthal und Krumbach, Handbuch der Zoologie, 4,1–402.
Attems, C.G. (1928) The Myriapoda of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 26, 1–431.
Attems, C.G. (1931a) Myriopoden von Java, Sumatra und Bali. Archiv für Hydrobiologie, 8 (Supplement), 115–192.
Attems, C.G. (1931b) Die Familie Leptodesmidae und andere Polydesmiden. Zoologica, Stuttgart, 30 (79), 1–149.
Attems, C.G. (1937) Myriapoda 3. Polydesmoidea I. Fam. Strongylosomidae. Das Tierreich, 68, 1–300.
Attems, C.G. (1938) Polydesmoidea II. Fam. Leptodesmidae, Platyrhachidae, Oxydesmidae, Gomphodesmidae. Das Tierreich, 69, 1–487.
Attems, C.G. (1940) Myriapoda 3: Polydesmoidea III: Fam. Polydesmidae, Vanhoeffeniidae, Cryptodesmidae, Oniscodesmidae, Sphaerotrichopidae, Peridontodesmidae, Rhachidesmidae, Macellolophidae, Pandirodesmidae. Das Tierreich, 70, 1–577. [includes‚ Nachtrag zum 1. Band: 539-550, ‘Nachtrag zum 2. Band: 550-568’ and index to families and genera for three volumes: Attems, 1937: Das Tierreich, 68; Attems, 1938: Das Tierreich, 69; Attems, 1940: Das Tierreich, 70]
Attems, C.G. (1943) Myriopoden von Brasilien, gesammelt von E. Bresslau in den Jahren 1913/14. Senckenbergiana Biologica, 26, 434–458.
Attems, C.G. (1944) Neue Polydesmoidea. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, 144 (11/12), 223–253.
Attems, C.G. (1950) Über Spirostreptiden (Diplopoda). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 57, 179–257.
Ball-Damerow, J.E., Brenskelle, L., Barve, N., Soltis, P.S., Sierwald, P., Bieler, R., Ariño, A. & Guralnick, R. (2019) Research applications of primary biodiversity databases in the digital age. bioRxiv, The preprint server for biology, 1–52. [pre-print].
https://doi.org/10.1101/605071
Beebe, W. & Crane, J. (1947) Ecology of Rancho Grande, a subtropical cloud forest in northern Venezuela. Zoologica, 32, 43–66.
Bollman, C.H. (1887) Notes on North American Julidae, with description of new species. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 4 (1/2), 25–44.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1889.tb57031.x
Bollman, C.H. (1893) Notes upon a collection of myriapods belonging to the United States National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 46, 190–200.
Bollman, C.H. (1889) Notes on small collection of Myriapods from the Bermuda Islands. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 99, 127–129.
Brölemann, H.W. (1898a) Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (décembre 1887—aout 1888) 27 mémoire (1). Myriapodes. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 67 (3), 241–313.
Brölemann, H.W. (1898b) Myriapodes du Haut et Bas Sarare (Venezuela) donnés par M.F. Greay au Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle de Paris. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 67 (3), 314–336.
Brölemann, H.W. (1900) Myriapodes d’Amérique. Mémoires de la Société Zoologique de France, 13, 89–131.
Brölemann, H.W. (1902) Myriapodes du musée de Saõ Paulo. Revista do Museu Paulista, 5, 35–237.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.9824
Brölemann, H.W. (1903) Myriapodes recueillis a l'Isla de Cocos par M. le Professeur P. Boilley. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 72, 119–143.
Brölemann, H.W. (1904) Myriapodes du Museu Paulista, IIe Mémorie: Manaus. Revista do Museu Paulista, 6, 63–98.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.26467
Brölemann, H.W. (1905) Myriapodes de Costa-Rica recueillis par M. le professeur P. Biolley. IIe mémoire. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 74, 337–380.
Brölemann, H.W. (1909) Os Myriapodos da Brasil. In: Museu Paulista (Ed.), Catalogos da Fauna Brazileira. Vol. 2. Museu Paulista, São Paulo, pp. 1–94.
Brölemann, H.W. (1913) The Myriapoda in the Australian Museum. Part II. Diplopoda. Records of the Australian Museum, 10 (6), 77–158.
https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.10.1913.899
Brölemann, H.W. (1916) Essai de Classification des Polydesmiens [Myriapodes]. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, 84, 523–608.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.24168
Carl, J. (1911) Sur un Diplopode hermaphrodite. Compte rendu des séances de la Societé de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle du Genève, 28, 38–39.
Carl, J. (1912) Sur quelques colobognathes du Muséum du Genève. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 20 (9), 507–518.
Carl, J. (1914) Die Diplopoden von Columbien nebst Beiträgen zur Morphologie der Stemmatoiuliden. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles de Neuchâtel, Switzerland, 5, 821–993.
Carl, J. (1942) Contribution à la connaissance de Limacomorpha. Essai de morphologie comparée. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 49, 133–167.
Carl, J. (1944) K. W. Verhoeffs System der Siphonophoriden kritisch betrachtet. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 51 (7), 253–465.
Causey, N.B. (1953) On a Florida millipede Siphonotus miamiensis n. sp. (Colobognatha: Polyzoniidae). Florida Entomologist, 36 (2), 71–72.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3492667
Causey, N.B. (1954) New Mexican and Venezuelan millipeds in the collection of the Illinois State Natural History Survey. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 67, 55–68.
Causey, N.B. (1957) Rhinocricus dispar Causey: A preoccupied name. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 30 (3), 120.
Causey, N.B. (1965) Additions to the milliped genus Siphonoconus. Proceeding of the Louisiana Academy of Sciences, 28, 53.
Cazorla, D. (2012) Listado de species de ciempiés (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) conocidas en Venezuela. Boletín de Malariología y Salud Ambiental, 52 (2), 295–300.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1918) The Chilopoda and Diplopoda of the West Indies. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 62 (5), 153–262.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1920) The Myriapoda of the Australian region. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 64 (1), 1–269.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1923) Results of the Bryant Walker expeditions of the University of Michigan to Colombia, 1913, and British Guiana, 1914: The Diplopoda. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan, 113, 1–83.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1941a) New American millipeds. Bulletin of the University of Utah, 6 (4), 3–39.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1941b) A new oniscodesmid diplopod from Barro Colorado, Id., with notes on two related forms. Journal of Entomology and Zoology, Pomona College, 33 (1), 57–58.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1941c) On a collection of myriapods from Venezuela. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 54, 137–142.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1950) Neotropical chilopods and diplopods in the collections of the Department of Tropical Research, New York Zoological Society. Zoologica, New York, 35 (2), 133–144.
Chamberlin, R.V. (1952a) Some American polydesmid millipeds in the collection of the Chicago Museum of Natural History. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 45, 553–584.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/45.4.553
Chamberlin, R.V. (1952b) Further records and descriptions of American millipeds. Great Basin Naturalist, 12, 13–34.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.21966
Chamberlin, R.V. (1953) Some American millipeds of the order Spirobolida. American Midland Naturalist, 50, 138–151.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2422159
Condé, B. (1964) Lophoproctus comans Loomis, type d’un remarquable genre inédit de Pénicillates (Diplopodes). Revue Française d’ Entomologie, 31 (1), 61–66.
Cook, O.F. (1896) A new character in the Colobognatha with drawings of Siphonotus. American Naturalist, 30 (358), 839–844.
https://doi.org/10.1086/276492
Cook, O.F. (1896–97) A series of occasional papers on Diplopoda and other Arthropoda. Brandtia, 1–75.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.125177
Cook, O.F. (1899) American oniscoid Diplopoda of the order Merocheta. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 21 (1154), 451–468.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.21-1154.451
Cook O.F. & Cook, A.C. (1894) VIII. A monograph of Scytonotus. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 8, 233–248.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1894.tb55422.x
Cupul-Magaña, F.G. (2011) Tres especies de milpiés paradoxosomátidos (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) de México. BIOCYT, 4 (16), 311–315.
Cupul-Magaña, F.G. & Bueno-Villegas, J. (2006) Primer registro de Asiomorpha coarctata (DeSaussure, 1860) (Diplopoda: Polydesmida; Paradoxosomatidae) para Jalisco y Nayarit, México. Dugesiana, 13 (1), 45–48.
Cupul-Magaña, F.G. & Shelley, R.L. (2011) Nuevas localidades para ocho species de milpiés (Arthropoda: Diplopoda) en México. Dugesiana, 18 (1), 91–94.
Daday, J. (1891a) A heidelbergi egyetem zoologiai gyujtemenye nek idegenföldi Myriopodai [Ausländische Myriopoden der zoologischen Collection der Universität zu Heidelberg—Hungarian part with Latin descriptions]. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 14 (3/4), 135–154.
Daday, J. (1891b) Ausländische Myriopoden der zoologischen Collection der Universität zu Heidelberg [German part]. Természetrajzi Füzetek, 14 (3/4), 172–193.
De Ascenção, A.A. & Bueno-Villegas, J. (2013) Nomenclatural changes and corrections for millipede species described by Manuel A. González-Sponga from Venezuela (Myriapoda: Diplopoda). Munis Entomology and Zoology, 8 (1), 444–447.
Demange, J.-M. (1970) Éléments d’une révision des Spirostreptidae. I. Étude de quelques caractères taxonomiques des Spirostreptinae. Bulletin de l’Institut Fondamental d’Afrique Noire, Série A, 32 (2), 366–411.
Demange, J.-M. (1985) Myriapodes de la Cordillère de Mérida (Vénézuéla) (Diplopoda, Chilopoda) récoltés par le Pr M. Lamotte. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4, Section A, Zoologie, 7 (4), 795–804.
DeSaussure, H. (1860) Essai d’une faune des Myriapodes du Mexique avec la description de quelques espéces des autres parties de l’Amerique. Mémoires de la Société de Physique et d’Histoire Naturelle de Genève, 15, 259–393.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.60509
DeSaussure, H. & Humbert, A. (1872) Etudes sur les myriapodes. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans l’Amerique Central, Zoologiques, Partie 6, Sect 2, 1–211, pls. 1–6.
Drift, J.V.D. (1963) A comparative study of the soil fauna in forests and cultivated land on sandy soils in Suriname. Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 4 (19), 1–43.
García, J.A., Barois, I., De Los Santos, M., Rojas, P., Fragoso, C., Morón, M.A., Bueno-Villegas, J. & Sormani, C. (2009) Land Use and Diversity of the Soil Macrofauna in Santa Marta, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. In: Barois, I., Huising, E.J., Okoth, P., Trejo, D. & De Los Santos, M. (Eds.), Below-Ground Biodiversity in Sierra Santa Marta, Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, México. Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, pp. 135–190.
GBIF.org (2016) Occurrence Download.
http://doi.org/10.15468/dl.ttuwdp
GBIF.org (2018) Occurrence Download.
https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.xuejkc
Gervais, F.P. (1844) Études sur les Myriapodes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, 3 (Zoolology), 2, 51–80.
Gervais, F.P. (1847) Myriapodes. In: Walckenaer, B. & Gervais, F.P. (Eds.), Histoire Naturelle des Insects Aptères. Vol. 4. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, pp. 1–333 + 577–605.
Gervais, F.P. & Goudot, J. (1844) Description des Myriapodes recueillis par Goudot en Colombie. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, Série 2, 2 (Bulletin Section) XXVII–XXIX.
Golovatch, S.I. (1992) Review of the Neotropical millipede genus Onciurosoma Silvestri, 1932, with the description of three new species from near Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil (Diplopoda, Poydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae). Amazoniana, 12 (2), 227–237.
Golovatch, S.I. (1994) Further new Fuhrmannodesmidae from the environs of Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil, with a revision of Cryptogonodesmus Silvestri, 1898 (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Amazoniana, 13 (1/2), 131–161.
Golovatch, S.I. (1996) A new species of Cutervodesmus Kraus, 1957, from the environs of Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil, with notes on the genus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Fuhrmannodesmidae). Amazoniana, 14 (1/2), 137–141.
Golovatch, S.I. (1997a) On some further neotropical Pyrgodesmidae, partly from the environs of Manaus, Central Amazonia, Brazil (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Amazoniana, 14 (3/4), 323–334.
Golovatch, S.I. (1997b) On the identity of some millipede species described by C. O. von Porat in 1888 (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida, Spirobolida). Bulletin de l’institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Entomologie, 67, 95–106.
Golovatch, S.I. (2001) Agnurodesmus siolii n.sp., the first Cyrtodesmidae to be reported from Brazil, with remarks on the genus and family (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Amazoniana, 16 (3/4), 325–336.
Golovatch, S.I. (2013) A reclassification of the millipede superfamily Trichopolydesmoidea, with descriptions of two new species from the Aegean region (Diploipoda, Polydesmida). ZooKeys, 340, 63–78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.340.6295
González, O.R. & Golovatch, S.I. (1990) Catálogo de los diplópodos de Cuba. Editorial Academia, La Habana, 37 pp.
González-Sponga, M.A. (2001) Miriápodos de Venezuela. Nuevas especies de la familia Stemmiulidae. Parte I. (Diplopoda: Chordeumida). Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Caracas, 61 (3), 47–64.
González-Sponga, M.A. (2004) Miriápodos de Venezuela. Descripción de nueve especies nuevas del género Neactoma Chamberlin, 1952 (Polydesmida: Strongylosomidae). Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias Físicas, Matemáticas y Naturales, Caracas, 64 (3–4), 9–16.
González-Sponga, M. (2005) Miriápodos de Venezuela: Diez nuevas especies del género Rhinocricus (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae). Revista de Investigación, 57, 13–48.
Gray, J.E. (1844) List of the specimens of Myriapoda in the collection of the British Museum. Printed by order of the trustees, London, 17 pp.
Hennings, C. (1906) Das Tömösvarysche Organ der Myriopoden II. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 80, 576–641.
Hoffman, R.L. (1954) Further studies on American millipeds of the family Euryuridae (Polydesmida). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 44 (2), 49–58.
Hoffman, R.L. (1957) Studies on spirostreptoid millipeds. IV. The genus Anethoporus Chamberlin. Lloydia, 20, 268–274.
Hoffman, R.L (1969) Chelodesmid studies. IV. A summary of the tribe Batodesmini, with the description of a new species of Biporodesmus from northwestern Brasil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 22 (25), 263–283.
Hoffman, R.L. (1971) Chelodesmid studies V. Some new, redefined, and resurrected Brasilean genera. Arquivos de Zoologia, São Paulo, 20 (4), 225–277.
https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2176-7793.v20i4p225-277
Hoffman, R.L. (1974) Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. X. Commentary on the status of Salpidobolus and some related rhinocricid genera. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Genève, 81 (1), 189–203.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.76001
Hoffman, R.L. (1975a) Chelodesmid Studies VI. A synopsis of the tribe Trachelodesmini (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 10 (2), 127–144.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650527509360488
Hoffman, R.L. (1975b) Chelodesmid Studies. VII. A synopsis of the tribe Lepturodesmini (Polydesmida). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 10 (2), 183–200.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650527509360491
Hoffman, R.L. (1976) A new species in the diplopod genus Amplinus from El Salvador with comments on other members of the genus. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Genève, 83 (1), 39–44.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.91432
Hoffman, R.L. (1977) On the status of Siphonotus brasiliensis Brandt, and of the diplopod family Siphonotidae (Polyzoniida). Deutsche Entomologische. Zeitschrift, Neue Folge, 24 (4–5), 425–431.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800240418
Hoffman, R.L. (1978) Chelodesmid Studies. XI. A new genus and species from Venezuela, referable to the new tribe Chondrodesmini. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, Genève, 85 (3), 543–551.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82244
Hoffman, R.L. (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Genève, 237 pp.
Hoffman, R.L. (1982) Chelodesmid studies. XVIII. On some new or poorly-known taxa in the tribe Batodesmini (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae). Journal of Natural History, 16 (5), 633–654.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938200770481
Hoffman, R.L. (1996) Studies on spirostreptoid millipeds. XIX. Identity of some species described by F. Karsch in 1881. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 327–337.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830720216
Hoffman, R.L. (1999) Checklist of the millipeds of North and Middle America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 8. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, 584 pp.
Hoffman, R.L. (2007) Replacement of the preoccupied generic name of a neotropical millipede taxon (Polydesmida: Chelodesmidae: Batodesmini). Myriapodologica, 9 (1), 1–8.
Hoffman, R.L. (2012) On the identity of the generic name Iulidesmus Silvestri, 1895 (Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae). Zootaxa, 3204 (1), 65–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3204.1.7
Hoffman, R.L., Golovatch, S.I., Adis, J. & DeMorais, J.W. (2002) Diplopoda. In: Adis, J. (Ed.), Amazonian Arachnida and Myriapoda: identification keys to all classes, orders, families, some genera, and lists of known terrestrial species. Pensoft, Sofia-Moscow, pp. 505–533.
Humbert, A. & deSaussure, H. (1870) Myriapoda Nova Americana: Descripton de divers Myriapodes nouveaux du musée de Vienne. Revue et Magasin de Zoologie pure et appliquée, 22, 172–177.
iDigBio (2016) Integrated Digitized Biocollections. Available from: http://www.iDigBio.org/portal/recordsets/f6c42d02-7b83-4ef9-9417-02c7408cf29e (accessed 24 June 2016)
Ishii, K., Jacquemin-Nguyen Duy, M. & Condé, B. (1999) The first penicillate millipedes from the vicinity of Manaus Central Amazonia, Brazil (Diplopoda: Polyxenida). Amazoniana, 15 (3/4), 239–267.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1950) On some polydesmoid millipeds from Surinam. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 13 (299), 70–76.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1952) Milliped Miscellany. Entomologische Berichten, Amsterdam, 14 (323), 71–77.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1963) Diplopoda of Guiana. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 4 (11), 1–157.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1968) On the classification and geographical distribution of the family Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Private published, Bronder-Offset Rotterdam, 162 pp.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1970) Nomenclator generum et familiarum Diplopodorum: A list of the genus and family-group names in the Class Diplopoda from 10th edition of Linnaeus, 1758, to the end of 1957. Monografieën van de Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging, 5, 1–412.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (1999) A new genus and species of Spirostreptidae from Suriname (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, I, 59–69.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2000) Notes on Aphelidesmidae from Guiana, with the description of two genera and two new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Myriapod Memoranda, II, 71–93.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2001a) A bibliographic catalogue of the Siphonophorida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, III, 44–71.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2001b) A collection of papers an notes on systematics and geography of Diplopoda and Chilopoda. Myriapod Memoranda, IV, 5–104.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2002) Paradoxosomatidae from Venezuela, with the description of a new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida). Myriapod Memoranda, V, 40–51.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2003) A bibliographic catalogue of the order Glomeridesmida (Diplopoda). Myriapod Memoranda, VI, 102–109.
Jeekel, C.A.W. (2009) Checklist of the Diplopoda reported from Suriname. Myriapod Memoranda, XI, 19–30.
Jorgensen, M.C. & Sierwald, P. (2010) Review of the Caribbean pyrgodesmid genus Docodesmus with notes on potentially related genera (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Pyrgodesmidae). International Journal of Myriapodology, 3 (1), 25–50.
https://doi.org/10.1163/187525410X12578602960461
Karsch, F. (1881a) Neue Juliden des Berliner Museums, als Prodromus einer Juliden- Monographie. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften, Leipzig, Stuttgart, 54, 1–79.
Karsch, F. (1881b) Zum Studium der Myriopoda Polydesmia. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin, 47 (1), 36–49.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.13208
Krabbe, E. (1982) Systematik der Spirostreptidae (Diplopoda, Spirostreptomorpha). Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins in Hamburg, Neue Folge, 24, 1–476.
Krabbe, E. & Enghoff, H. (1984) Morphological variability in a population of Orthoporus antillanus (Pocock, 1894) from Barbados, with notes on the taxonomic status of the species (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida, Spirostreptidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, 15, 333–339, figs. 1–20.
Koch, C.L. (1847) System der Myriapoden. In: Panzer, G.W.F. & HerrichSchäffer, G.A.W. (Eds.), Kritische Revision der Insectenfauna Deutschlands, III. Bändchen. Regensburg, pp. 1–191.
Kraus, O. (1956) Über neotropische Strongylosomatidae (Diplopoda). Senckenbergiana Biologica, 37 (5/6), 403–419.
https://doi.org/10.2307/1933170
Loomis, H.F. (1934) Millipeds of the West Indies and Guiana collected by the Allison V. Armour Expedition in 1932. Smithsonian Miscelaneous Collections, 89 (14), 1–69.
Loomis, H.F. (1936) The millipeds of Hispaniola, with descriptions of a new family, new genera, and new species. Bulletin of Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, 80 (1), 1–191.
Loomis, H.F. (1964) The millipeds of Panama (Diplopoda). Fieldiana, Zoology, New Series, 47 (1), 1–136.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3182
Loomis, H.F. (1968) A Checklist of the millipeds of Mexico and Central America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 266, 1–137.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.266
Marek, P., Bond, J.E. & Sierwald, P. (2003) Rhinocricidae Systematics II: A species catalog of the Rhinocricidae (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) with synonymies. Zootaxa, 308 (1), 1–108.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.308.1.1
Mauriès, J.-P. (1969) Diplópodos de la Cueva del Guácharo, Caripes, Venezuela (Recolectados por O. Linares & P. Strinati). Boletín de la Sociedad Venezolana de Espeleología, 2 (1), 35–43.
Mauriès, J.-P. (1987) Cambalides nouveaux et peu connus d'Asie, d'Amérique et d'Océanie II. Pseudonannolenidae, Choctellidae (Myriapoda, Diplopoda). Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Série 4, Section A, Zoologie, (4) 9 (1), 169–199.
Moritz, M. & Fischer, S.-C. (1974) Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 2: Craspedosomatida, Stemmiulida, Spirostreptida. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 50 (2), 323–375.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830490209
Moritz, M. & Fischer, S.-C. (1975) Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 3: Julida, Spirobolida. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 51 (2), 199–255.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830510206
Moritz, M. & Fischer, S.-C. (1978a) Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 4: Polydesmida. Teil 5: Ergänzungen. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 54 (1), 99–160.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830540106
Moritz, M. & Fischer, S.-C. (1978b) Die Typen der Myriapoden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. I. Diplopoda. Teil 6: Nachtrag zu den Teilen 1 bis 4. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 54 (2), 333–343.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830540207
Newport, G. (1844) A list of the species of Myriapoda, Order Chilognatha contained in the cabinets of the British Museum, with descriptions of a new genus and thirty-two new species. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 1, 13 (84), 263–270.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484409442605
Nguyen, D.M. (2002) New species and distribution of the genera Lophoturus and Ancistroxenus (Myriapoda, Diplopoda, Penicillata) in the Caribbean and northern South America. Zoosystema, 24 (2), 451–470.
Nguyen, D.M. & Geoffroy, J.-J. (2003) A revised comprehensive checklist, relational database, and taxonomic system of reference for the bristly millipedes of the world (Diplopoda, Polyxenida). African Invertebrates, 44 (1), 89–101.
Nguyen, A.D. & Sierwald, P. (2013) A wordwide catalog of the family Paradoxosomatidae Daday, 1889 (Diplopoda: Polydesmida). CheckList, 9 (6), 1132–1353.
https://doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1132
Özdikmen, H. (2009) Substitute names for four preoccupied millipede genera (Diplopoda). Munis Entomology & Zoology, 4 (1), 180–183.
Peters, W. (1864a) Hr. W. Peters gab eine Übersicht der im Königl. zoologischen Museum befindlichen Myriopoden aus der Familie der Polydesmi, so wie Beschreibungen einer neuen Gattung, Trachyjulus, der Juli und neuer Arten der Gattung Siphonophora. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1864, 529–551.
Peters, W. (1864b) Hr. W. Peters lieferte einen Nachtrag zu der am 18. Juli [Monatsberichte, 1864. p.529)] gegebenen Übersicht der Polydesmi des Königl. zoologischen Museums. Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1864, 617–627.
Pocock, R.I. (1893a) Report upon the Myriapoda of the ‘Challenger’ Expedition, with remarks upon the Fauna of Bermuda. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 11 (62), 121–142.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939308677479
Pocock, R.I. (1893b) Upon the identity of some of the types of Diplopoda contained in the collection of the British Museum, together with descriptions of some new species of exotic Iulidae. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11, 248–254.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939308677511
Pocock, R.I. (1894) Contributions to our knowledge of the Arthropod Fauna of the West Indies. Part III. Diplopoda and Malacopoda, with a supplement on the Arachnida of the Class Pedipalpi. I. Diplopoda. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, 24 (157), 473–518.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1894.tb02494.x
Pocock, R.I. (1903–1910) Class Chilopoda and Diplopoda. In: Godman, F.D. & Salvin, O. (Eds.), Biologia Centrali-Americana. Vol. 14. Porter, R.H., London, pp. 1–271.
Porat, C.O. (1876) Om Några exotiska myriopoder. Bihang till Kongl. Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar, 4 (7), 1–48.
Porat, C.O.von. (1888) Über einige exotische Iuliden des Brüsseler-Museums. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 32, 205–256.
Preudhomme de Borre, A. (1884) Tentamen Catalogi Lysiopetalidarum, Julidarum, Archiulidarum, Polyzonidarum atque Siphonophoridarum hucusque desriptorum. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 28, 46–82.
Schileyko, A.A. (2014) A contribution to the centipede fauna of Venezuela (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). Zootaxa, 3821 (1), 151–192. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3821.2.1
Schubart, O. (1934) Tausendfüßler oder Myriapoda. I: Diplopoda. Die Tierwelt Deutschlands und der angrenzenden Meeresteile, 28, 1–318.
Schubart, O. (1945) Sobre os representantes Brasileiros da familia Spirostreptidae. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 17, 51–87.
Schubart, O. (1946) Contribuição ao conhecimento do gênero Leptodesmus (Família Leptodesmidae, Diplopoda). Anais da Academia Brazileira de Ciências, 18 (3), 165–202.
Schubart, O. (1947) Os Diplopoda da viagem do naturalista antenor Leitao de Carvalho aos Rios Araguaia e Amazonas em 1939 e 1940. Boletim do Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, New Series (Zoology), 82, 1–74.
Schubart, O. (1951) Contibuicao para a Fauna do Estado de São Paulo II. Os Rhinocricidae(Opisthospermophora, Diplopoda). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 23 (2), 231–275.
Schubart, O. (1955) Materiais para uma fauna a do estado de São Paulo. Arquivos do Museu Nacional, 42, 507–539.
Schubart, O. (1956) “Leptodesmidae” brasileiras III. Espécies de Minas Gerais (Diplopoda: Proterospermophora). Revista Brazileira de Biologia, 16 (3), 355–367.
Shelley, R.M. (1996) A redescription of Siphonophora portoricensis Brandt (Diplopoda: Siphonophorida: Siphonophoridae), with a catalogue of ordinal representative in the New World. Journal of Natural History, 30, 1799–1814.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939600771051
Shelley, R.M. (2014) A consolidated account of the polymorphic Caribbean milliped, Anadenobolus monilicornis (Porat, 1876) (Spirobolida: Rhinocricidae), with illustrations of the holotype. Insecta Mundi, 0378, 1–12.
Schuh, R.T., Hewson-Smith, S. & Ascher, J.S. (2010) Specimen databases: A case study in entomology using web-based software. American Entomologist, 56 (4), 206–216.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ae/56.4.206
Sierwald, P. (2009) Contributions to myriapod taxonomy: the milliped and centiped genera and species described by Dr. Richard Lawrence Hoffman: 113-147. In: Roble, S.M. & Mitchell, J.C. (Eds.), Festschrift in honor of Richard L. Hoffman's 80th birthday. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication 16. Virginia Museum of Natural History, Martinsville, Virginia, pp. 1–458.
Sierwald, P., Bieler, R., Shea, E.K. & Rosenberg, G. (2018) Mobilizing mollusks: Status update on mollusk collections in the USA and Canada. American Malacological Bulletin, 36 (2), 177–215.
https://doi.org/10.4003/006.036.0202
Sierwald, P., Bond, J.E. & Gurda, G.T. (2005) The millipede type specimens in the collections of the Field Museum of Natural History. Zootaxa, 1005 (1), 1–64.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1005.1.1
Sierwald, P. & Spelda, J. (2018) MilliBase. Available from: http://www.millibase.org (acceseed 20 February 2018)
Silvestri, F. (1895a) Viaggio del dottor Alfredo Borelli nella Repubblica Argentina e nel Paraguay. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata R. Università di Torino, 10 (203), 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.8048
Silvestri, F. (1895b) Chilopodi e diplopodi raccolti dal capitano G. Bove e dal Prof. L. Balzan nell'America meridionale. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, 14, 764–783.
Silvestri, F. (1896) Chilopodi e Diplopodi raccolti dal Dott. E. Resta a lay Guayra, nel Darien e a Cuenca. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata R. Università di Torino, 11 (254), 1–6.
Silvestri, F. (1897) Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell’Ecuador e regioni vicine. Chilopodi e Diplopodi. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata R. Università di Torino, 12 (305), 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.4563
Silvestri, F. (1898) Diagnósticos de nuevos Diplópodos Sudamericanos. Anales del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires, 6, 53–79.
Silvestri, F. (1903) Note Diplopodologiche. Bollettino dei Musei di Zoologia e di Anatomia Comparata R. Università di Torino, 18 (433), 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.26628
Silvestri, F. (1910) Descrizioni preliminari di novi generi di Diplopodi. Zoologischer Anzeiger, Leipzig, 35 (12/13), 357–364.
Silvestri, F. (1916) Contibuzione alla conoscenza degli Stemmiuloidea (Diplopoda). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e e Agraria della R. Scuola Superiore d’Agricoltura in Portici, 10, 287–354.
Silvestri, F. (1932) Description of a new genus and two new species of South American Diplopoda of the family Polydesmidae. American Museum Novitates, 565, 1–4.
Silvestri, F. (1948) Tavola sinottica dei generi dei Diplopoda Penicillata. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria “Filippo Silvestri”, 8, 214–220.
Tabacaru, I. (1996) Sur la remarquable conformation des apophyses génitales mâles chez un polydesmide néotropical. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Zoologie, 169, 68–72.
Terver, M., Terver, D. & Condé, B. (1968) Représentants contineaux du genre Plesioproctus (Diplopodes Pénicillates, Lophoproctidés). Entomologiske Meddelelser, 36 (2), 191–211.
Torre, S.L. (1974) Lista preliminar de los diplópodos (Myriapoda, Diplopoda) de Cuba. Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de La Habana, 42, 1–16.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1910) Gynandromorphismus bei den Juliden. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 35, 733–735.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1932) Diplopoden-Beiträge (124. Diplopoden-Aufsatz). Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 62 (5/6), 469–524.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1938) Über Diplopoden des Zoologischen Museums in München. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere, 71, 1–54.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1941) Chilopoden und Diplopoden. In: Titschack, E. (Ed.), Beiträge zur Fauna Perus, 2, pp. 1–55.
Verhoeff, K.W. (1942) Über Spirostreptiden Südamerikas, vergleichende Morphologie und Mechanik der Gonopoden und eine neue Rhinocriciden-Gattung. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Zool., Abt. B, Berlin, Neue Folge, 10 (2), 278–302.
Voges, E. (1878) Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Juliden. Zeitschrift für Wissenschaftliche Zoologie, 31, 127–194.
Vohland, K. (1998) Review of the millipede subfamily Amplininae (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Aphelidaemidae) with remarks on phylogeny and the description of some new South American genera and species. Amazoniana, 15 (1/2), 129–163.
Weidner, H. (1960) Die Entomologischen Sammlungen des Zoologischen Staatsinstituts und Zoologischen Museums Hamburg. III. Teil. Chilopoda und Progoneata. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 58, 57–104.