Abstract
Coelogynopora schockaerti n. sp. (Proseriata: Coelogynoporidae) is described from the northwestern Gulf of Lion, Mediterranean. Only a few representatives of this genus are reported from Mediterranean marine sandy shores and only from the northwestern to central Mediterranean, but all of these species also occur outside the Mediterranean. So far, C. schockaerti n. sp. is the only species exclusively known from the Mediterranean. The species is solely encountered in the Gulf of Lion, a coldwater pocket in the Mediterranean and can, therefore, be considered as a remnant of an ancient coldwater platyhelminth fauna. C. schockaerti n. sp. is characterized by the shape and size of the spines of the male copulatory organ and the presence, orientation, shape and size of the two accessory spines. An identification key is given for the entire genus.
References
Armonies, W. (2017) Long-term change of meiofaunal species composition in a sandy beach, with description of 7 new species of Platyhelminthes. Helgoland Marine Research, 2017, 71:12
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-017-0492-0
Armonies, W. (2018) Uncharted biodiversity in the marine benthos: the void of the smallish with description of ten new Plathelminth taxa from the well-studied North Sea. Helgoland Marine Research, 2018, 72:18
https://doi.org/10.1186/s10152-018-0520-8
Ax, P. (1956) Monographie der Otoplanidae (Turbellaria). Morphologie und Systematik. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, 13, 499–796.
Ax, P. (1993) Die Brackwasserart Coelogynopora hangoensis ( Proseriata, Plathelminthes) von Grönland und den Färöer. Microfauna Marina, 8, 145–152.
Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewässernder Nordhalbkugel. Abhandlungen der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Klasse 1. Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur Mainz, 1, 1–696.
Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1987) Amphiatlantic identities in the composition of the boreal brackish water community of Plathelminthes. Comparison between the Canadian and European Atlantic coast. Microfauna Marina, 3, 7–80.
Ax, P. & Armonies, W. (1990) Brackish water Plathelminthes from Alaska as evidence for the existence of a boreal brackish water community with circumpolar distribution. Microfauna Marina, 6, 7–109.
Ax, P. & Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1979) Turbellaria Proseriata von der Pazifikküste der USA (Washington). Zoologica Scripta, 8, 25–35.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1979.tb00617.x
Blondel, J., Aronson, J., Bodiou, J.-Y. & Boeuf, G. (2010) The Mediterranean Region: Biological Diversity in Time and Space. Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2nd Edition, 376 pp.
Boero, F., Feral, J.P., Azzurro, E., Cardin, V., Riedel, B., Despalatovic, M., Munda, I., Moschella, P., Zaouali, J., Fonda Umani, S., Theocharis, A., Wiltshire, K. & Briand, F. (2008) I—Executive Summary of CIESM workshop 35. “Climate warming and related changes in Mediterranean marine biota”. CIESM Workshop Monographs, 35, 5–21.
Boudouresque, C.F. (2004) Marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean: Status of species, populations and communities. Scientific Reports of Port-Cros National Park, France, 20, 97–146.
Brüggemann, J. (1986) Ultrastructural investigations on the differentiation of genital hard structures in free-living platyhelminths and their phylogenetic significance. Hydrobiologia, 132, 151–156.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00046242
Brüggemann, J. (1988) Struktur und Bildung der Stilette bei Haloplanella longatuba und Vejdovskya pellucida (Plathelminthes, Rhabdocoela). Zoomorphology, 108, 191–200.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00363936
Coll, M., Piroddi, C., Steenbeek, J., Kaschner, K., Ben Rais Lasram, F., Aguzzi, J., Ballesteros, E., Bianchi, C.N., Corbera, J., Dailianis, T., Danovaro, R., Estrada, M., Froglia, C., Galil, B.S., Gasol, J.M., Gertwagen, R., Gil, J., Guilhaumon, F., Kesner-Reyes, K., Kitsos, M.S., Koukouras, A., Lampadariou, N., Laxamana, E., Lopez-Fé de la Cuadra, C.M., Lotze, H.K., Martin, D., Mouillot, D., Oro, D., Raicevich, S., Rius-Barile, J., Saiz-Salinas, J.I., San Vincente, C., Somot, S., Templado, J., Turon, X., Vafidis, D., Villanueva, R. & Voultsiadou, E. (2010) The Biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea: Estimates, Patterns and Threats. PLoS ONE, 5 (8), e11842.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011842
Curini-Galletti, M. (2008) Platyhelminthes. Biologia Marina Mediterranea (2008), 15 (suppl.): 113–127.
Curini-Galletti, M., Webster, B.L., Huyse, T., Casu, M., Schockaert, E.R. Artois, T.J. & Littlewood, T.J. (2010) New insights on the phylogenetic relationships of the Proseriata (Platyhelminthes), with proposal of a new genus of the family Coelogynoporidae. Zootaxa, 2537, 1–18.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2537.1.1
Curini-Galletti, M., Artois, T., Delogu, V., De Smet, W.H., Fontaneto, D., Jondelius, U., Leasi, F., Martinez, A., Meyer-Wachsmuth, I., Nilsson, K.S., Tongiogi, P., Worsaae, K. & Todaro, M.A. (2012) Patterns of Diversity in Soft-Bodied Meiofauna: Dispersal Ability and Body Size Matter. PLoS ONE, 7 (3), e33801.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0033801
Ehlers, U. & Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1990) Organization of statocysts in the Otoplanidae (Plathelminthes): an ultrastructural analysis with implications for the phylogeny of the Proseriata. Zoomorphology, 109, 309–318.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00803571
Faubel, A. & Rhode, K. (1998) Sandy beach meiofauna of eastern Australia (southern Queensland and New South Wales). IV. Proseriata, Plathelminthes. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 95, 7–28.
Galil, B.S. (2008) Alien Species in the Mediterranean Sea—which, when, where, why? Hydrobiologia, 606, 105–-116.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9342-z
Gambaiani, D.D., Mayol, P. Isaac, S.J. & Simmonds, M.P. (2009) Potential impacts of climate change and greenhouse gas emissions on Mediterranean marine ecosystems and Cetaceans. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 89 (1), 179–201.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315408002476
Jouk, P.E.H., Martens , E.E. & Schockaert, E.R. (2007) Cirrifera genitoductus sp.n. (Platyhelminthes, Proseriata, Coelogynoporidae) from the Belgian coast, with observations on its ultrastructure and its significance for the taxonomy of the Coelogynoporidae. Belgian Journal of Zoology, 137, 223-–230.
Karling, T.G. (1966) Marine Turbellaria from the Pacific Coast of North America. IV. Coelogynoporidae and Monocelididae. Arkiv för Zoologi, 18 (22), 493–527.
Karling,T.G. & Kinnander, H. (1953) Nagra virvelmaskar fran Östersjön. Svensk Faunistisk Revy, 3, 73–79.
Lejeusne, C., Chevaldonné, P., Pergent-Martini, C., Boudouresque, C.F. & Pérez, T. (2009) Climate change effects on a miniature ocean: the highly diverse, highly impacted Mediterranean Sea. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 25 (4), 250-260.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2009.10.009
Martens, P.M. (1984) Comparison of three different extraction methods for Turbellaria. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 14, 229–234.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps014229
Meixner, J. (1938) Turbellaria (Strudelwuermer). 1. Die Tierwelt der Nord-und Ostsee, 33 (IVb), 1–146.
Raitsos, D.E., Beaugrand, G., Georgopoulos, D., Zenetos, A., Pancucci-Papadopoulou, A.M., Theocharis, A. & Papathanassiou, E. (2010) Global climate change amplifies the entry of tropical species into the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 55 (4), 1478–1484.
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.4.1478
Riser, N. (1981) New England Coelogynoporidae. Hydrobiologia, 84, 139–145.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026172
Sakalli, A. (2017) Sea surface temperature change in the Mediterranean Sea under climate change: a linear model for simulation of the sea surface temperature up to 2100. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 15 (1), 707-716.
https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1501_707716
Schockaert, E.R. (1996) Turbellarians. In: Hall, G.S. (Ed.), Methods for the Examination of Organismal Diversity in Soils and Sediments. CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 211–225.
Sopott, B. (1972) Systematik und Ökologie von Proseriaten (Turbellaria) der deutschen Nordseeküste. Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 13, 1–72.
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1976) Interstitielle Macrostomida und Proseriata (Turbellaria) von der französischen Atlantikküste und den Kanarischen Inseln. Mikrofauna Meeresboden, 60, 539–571.
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1980) Zwei neue Coelogynopora-Arten (Turbellaria, Proseriata) aus dem marinen Sublitoral. Zoologica Scripta, 9, 161–163.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1980.tb00661.x
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1985) Zwei neue Proseriata (Plathelminthes) von der französischen Atlantikküste. Microfauna Marina, 2, 389–396.
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1989) Coelogynopora visurgis nov. spec. (Proseriata) und andere freilebende Plathelminthes mariner Herkunft aus Ufersanden der Weser. Microfauna Marina, 5, 87–93.
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1992a) Coelogynopora sequana nov. spec. (Proseriata, Plathelminthes) aus Wohnröhren der Seine-Mündung. Microfauna Marina, 7, 177–184.
Sopott-Ehlers, B. (1992b) Coelogynopora faenofurca nov. spec. (Proseriata, Plathelminthes) aus Wohnröhren des Polychaeten Arenicola marina. Microfauna Marina, 7, 185–190.
Steinböck, O. (1924) Untersuchungen über die Geschlechtstrakt-Darmverbindung bei Turbellarien nebst einem Beitrage zur Morphologie des Tricladendarmes. Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Ökologie der Tiere, 2, 461–504.