Abstract
Three new species of Collembola are described for Southeastern Brazil: Arrhopalites mendoncae sp. nov., Pararrhopalites queirozi sp. nov., and Coecobrya phoenix sp. nov. Although they were collected in caves and present characters such as absence of pigmentation, reduction or absence of eyes, and restriction to the local hypogean environment, none of them is troglobite. It is the first Coecobrya known from Brazil, the second species of the genus Arrhopalites with a trichobothrial complex angle superior to 160°, and the third species of the genus Pararrhopalites with three sensilla in the inter-antennal region. All species are named in honor of the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro, and our colembologist colleagues, who recently had an entire collection destroyed by a fire of great proportions.
References
Bellinger, P.F., Christiansen, K.A. & Janssens, F. (1996–2019) Checklist of the Collembola of the World. Available from: http://www.collembola.org (accessed 8 June 2019)
Bernard, E.C., Soto-Adames, F.N. & Wynne, J.J. (2015) Collembola of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) with descriptions of five endemic cave-restricted species. Zootaxa, 3949 (2), 239–267.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3949.2.6
Betsch, J.-M. (1980) Eléments pour une monographie des Collemboles Symphypléones (Hexapodes, Aptérygotes). Mémoires du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Nouvelle Série A, Zoologie, 116, 1–227.
Betsch, J.-M. (1997) An ontogenetically focused chaetotaxial scheme in Symphypleona (Collembola): the 6th abdominal segment. Pedobiologia, 41, 13–18.
Betsch, J.-M. & Waller, A. (1994) Chaetotaxic nomenclature of the head, thorax and abdomen in Symphypleona (Insecta, Collembola). Acta Zoologica Fennica, 195, 5–12.
Bonet, F. (1945) Nuevos géneros y especies de Hipogastrúridos de México (Collembola). Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Historia Natural, 6 (1–2), 13–49.
Bonet, F. & Tellez, C. (1947) Un Nuevo Genero de Esminturidos (Collembola). Revista de la Sociedade Mexicana Historia Natural, 8, 193–203.
Börner, C. (1901) Zur Kenntnis der Apterygoten-Fauna von Bremen und der Nachbardistrikte. Beitrag zu einer Apterygoten-Fauna Mitteleuropas. Abhandlungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins zu Bremen, 17 (1), 1–140. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.18332
Börner, C. (1906) Das System der Collembolen nebst Beschreibung neuer Collembolen des Hamburger Naturhistorischen Museums. Mitteilungen aus den Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 23, 147–188.
Bretfeld, G. (1994) Sturmius epiphytus n. gen. n. spec, from Colombia, a taxon of the Symphypleona (Insecta: Collembola) with an unexpected character combination. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 32 (4), 264–281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1994.tb00487.x
Bretfeld, G. (1999) Symphypleona. In: Dunger, W. (Ed.), Synopses on Palaearctic Collembola, Vol. 2. Abhandlungen und Berichte des Naturkundemuseum Görlitz, 71 (1), 1–318.
Brook, G. (1882) On a new genus of Collembola (Sinella) allied to Degeeria, Nicolet. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology, 16, 541–545.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1882.tb02398.x
Chen, J.-X. & Christiansen, K.A. (1993) The genus Sinella with special reference to Sinella s. s. (Collembola: Entomobryidae) of China. Oriental Insects, 27 (1), 1–54.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.1993.10432236
Chen, J.-X. & Christiansen, K.A. (1997) Subgenus Coecobrya of the genus Sinella (Collembola: Entomobryidae) with special reference to the species of China. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 90 (1), 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/90.1.1
Cipola, N.G. & Bellini, B.C. (2016) A new cave species of Coecobrya Yosii (Collembola, Entomobryidae, Entomobryinae) from South Africa, with an identification key to the genus. Zootaxa, 4200 (3), 351–366.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4200.3.1
Culik, M.P. & Zeppelini, D. (2003) Diversity and distribution of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) of Brazil. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 1119–1143.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023069912619
Culver, D.C. & Pipan, T. (2008) Superficial subterranean habitats—gateway to the subterranean realm? Cave and Karst Science, 35 (1–2), 5–12.
Deharveng, L. (2004) Recent advances in Collembola systematics. Pedobiologia, 48, 415–433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2004.08.001
Fjellberg, A. (1999) The labial palp in Collembola. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 237, 309–330.
Folsom, J.W. (1902) Collembola of the grave. Psyche, 9 (315), 363–367.
https://doi.org/10.1155/1902/42417
Gisin, H. (1967) Espèces nouvelles et lignées évolutives de Pseudosinella endogés (Collembola). Memórias e Estudos do Museu Zoológico da Universidade de Coimbra, 301, 1–25.
Good, R. (1974) The geography of flowering plants. Longman Group, London, 574 pp. [4th edition]
Greenslade, P. & Deharveng, L. (1989) Australian Species of the Genus Australonura (Collembola: Neanuridae). Invertebrate Taxononomy, 3 (5), 565–593.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IT9890565
Jantarit, S., Satasook, C. & Deharveng, C. (2019) Coecobrya sirindhornae sp. n., the most highly troglomorphic Collembola in Southeast Asia (Collembola, Entomobryidae). ZooKeys, 824, 21–44.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.824.31635
Jordana, R., Arbea, J.I., Simón, C. & Luciáñez, M.J. (1997) Collembola, Poduromorpha. Fauna Iberica. Vol. 8. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. C.S.I.C., Madrid, 807 pp.
Köppen, W. (1936) Das geographische System der Klimate. In: Köppen, W. & Geiger, R. (Eds.), Handbuch der Klimatologie. Vol.1C. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, pp. 1−44.
Lubbock, J. (1862) Notes on the Thysanura Part I Sminthuridae. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 23 (3), 429–448.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1860.tb00141.x
Mari-Mutt, J.A. (1979) A revision of the genus Dicranocentrus Schött (Insecta: Collembola: Entomobryidae). University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, College of Agricultural Sciences, Agricultural Experiment Station, 259, 1–79.
Mills, H.B. (1938) Collembola from Yucatan Caves. Fauna of Yucatan Caves, Carnegie Institute Washington, 491, 183–190.
MMA—Ministério do Meio Ambiente (2016) Executive Summary of Brazil Red Book of Threatened Species of Fauna. ICMBio, Brasília, 75 pp. Available from: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/portal/images/stories/comunicacao/publicacoes/publicacoes-diversas/dcom_sumario_executivo_livro_vermelho_ed_2016.pdf (accessed 21 December 2018)
Nayrolles, P. (1988) Chetotaxie tibiotarsale des collemboles symphyplèones. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques, Toulouse, 5 (4), 1–19.
Nayrolles, P. (1990) Chétotaxie furcale des collemboles symphyplèones. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques, Toulouse, 6 (2), 27–50.
Nayrolles, P. (1991) La chétotaxie antennaire des collemboles symphyplèones. Travaux du Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Arthropodes Édaphiques, Toulouse, 6 (3), 1–94.
Nicolet, H. (1842) Recherches pour servir à l’Histoire des Podurelles. Nouvelles Mémoires de la Société Helvetica Scientiae Naturalis, 6, 1–88.
Oliveira J.V.L.C., Alves J.L.S. & Zeppelini D. (2017) Two new Cyphoderus (Collembola: Paronellidae) of “tridenticulati” and “bidenticulati” groups from Brazilian Amazon. Zootaxa, 4350 (1), 047–060.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.2
Palacios-Vargas, J.G. & Gnaspini-Netto, P. (1992) A new Brazilian species of Acherontides (Collembola: Hypogastruridae), presents notes on its ecology. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 65 (4), 443–447.
Palacios-Vargas, J.G. & Wilson, J.M. (1990) Troglobius coprophagus, a new genus and species of cave Collembola from Madagascar, with notes on its ecology. International Journal of Speleology, 19, 67–73.
https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.19.1.6
Palacios-Vargas, J.G. & Zeppelini, D. (1995) Seven new Arrhopalites (Hexapoda: Collembola) from Brazilian and Mexican caves. Folia Entomológica Mexicana, 93, 7–23.
Qu, J., Chen, J.-X. & Greenslade, P. (2007) Australian species of Sinella (Coecobrya) Yosii, 1956 (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Journal of Natural History, 41 (21–24), 1301–1311.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930701414179
Sá Junior, A., Carvalho, L.G., Silva, F.F. & Alves, M.C. (2012) Application of the Köppen classification for climatic zoning in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 108 (1–2), 1–7.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-011-0507-8
Schäffer, C. (1896) Die Collembolen der Umgebung von Hamburg und benachbarter Gebiete. Mitteilungen aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Hamburg, 13, 147–216.
Schäffer, C. (1897) Apterygoten. Hamburger Magalhaensische Sammelreise, 8, 1–48.
Shear, J.A. (1966) A set-theoretic view of the Köppen dry climates. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 56 (3), 508–515.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.1966.tb00575.x
Soto-Adames, F.N. (2008) Postembryonic development of the dorsal chaetotaxy in Seira dowlingi (Collembola, Entomobryidae); with an analysis of the diagnostic and phylogenetic significance of primary chaetotaxy in Seira. Zootaxa, 1683 (1), 1–31.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1683.1.1
Stach, J. (1956) The apterygotan fauna of Poland in relation to the World–fauna of this group of insects. Family: Sminthuridae. Polska Akademia Nauk, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Kraków, 287 pp.
Szeptycki, A. (1979) Chaetotaxy of the Entomobryidae and its phylogenetical significance. Morpho-systematic studies of Collembola. IV. Polska Akademia Nauk, Zakład Zoologii Systematycznej i Doświadczalnej, Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa, Kraków, 219 pp.
Tömösvary, Ö. (1882) Adatok hazánk Thysanura-Faunájához. Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Mathematikai és Természettudományi Közlemények, 18, 119–131, 1 pl.
Vargovitsh, R.S. (2009) New Cave Arrhopalitidae (Collembola: Symphypleona) from the Crimea (Ukraine). Zootaxa, 2047 (1), 1–47.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2047.1.1
Vargovitsh, R.S. (2012) New troglomorphic Arrhopalitidae (Collembola: Symphypleona) from the Western Caucasus. Zootaxa, 3174 (1), 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3174.1.1
Vargovitsh, R.S. (2013) Cavernicolous Arrhopalites abchasicus sp. nov. (Collembola: Symphypleona: Arrhopalitidae) from the West Caucasus presents a key to the World species of the genus. Zootaxa, 3666 (1), 016–030.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3666.1.2
Womersley, H. (1934) On some Collembola-Arthropleona from South Africa and Southern Rhodesia. Annals of the South African Museum, 30 (3), 441–475.
Yoshii, R. (1988) Paronellid Collembola from Caves of Central and South America collected by P. Strinati. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 95 (2), 449–459.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.82022
Yosii, R. (1956) Höhlencollembola Japans II. Japanese Journal of Zoology, 11, 609–627.
Zeppelini, D. (2006) The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1124 (1), 1–40.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1124.1.1
Zeppelini, D. & Brito, R.A. (2014) Two new species of Pararrhopalites (Collembola: Symphypleona: Sminthuridae) in Brazil. Florida Entomologist, 97 (4), 1733–1744.
https://doi.org/10.1653/024.097.0449
Zeppelini, D. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (1999) A new troglomorphic species of Arrhopalites (Collembola: Arrhopalitidae) from Brazil. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 107 (1), 78–81.
Zeppelini, D., Brito, R.A. & Lima, E.C.A. (2018a) Three new species of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) from Central Brazilian shallow caves: side effects of long term application of environmental law on conservation. Zootaxa, 4500 (1), 059–081.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.3
Zeppelini, D., Lima, E.C.A., Brito, R.A. & Soares, G.A. (2018b) A new species of Pararrhopalites Bonet & Tellez (Collembola, Symphypleona, Sminthuridae) from iron caves in Brazil. Neotropical Entomologist, 47, 492–501.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-017-0569-0
Zeppelini, D. (2006) The genus Arrhopalites Börner, 1906 (Collembola, Appendiciphora, Arrhopalitidae) in the Neotropical Region, with description of four new cave species from Brazil. Zootaxa, 1124 (1), 1–40.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1124.1.1
Zeppelini, D., Silva, D.D. & Palacios-Vargas, J.G. (2014) A new species of Troglobius (Collembola, Paronellidae, Cyphoderinae) from a Brazilian iron cave. Subterranean Biology, 14, 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.14.7355
Zhang, F. & Deharveng, L. (2015) Systematic revision of Entomobryidae (Collembola) by integrating molecular and new morphological evidence. Zoologica Scripta, 44, 298–311.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12100
Zhang, F., Bedos, A. & Deharveng, L. (2016) Cave-dwelling Coecobrya from southern China with a survey of clypeal chaetae in Entomobryoidea (Collembola). European Journal of Taxonomy, 226, 1–21.
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.226
Zhang, F. & Deharveng, L. (2015) Systematic revision of Entomobryidae (Collembola) by integrating molecular and new morphological evidence. Zoologica Scripta, 44, 298–311.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zsc.12100
Zhang, F., Deharveng, L. & Chen, J.X. (2009) New species and rediagnosis of Coecobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae), with a key to the species of the genus. Journal of Natural History, 43, 2597–2615.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930903243970
Zhang, F., Man, L.C. & Deharveng, L. (2011a) A review of the boneti-group of the genus Coecobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Zootaxa, 2748 (1), 61–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2748.1.7
Zhang, F., Yu, D.-Y. & Xu, G.-L. (2011b) Transformational homology of the tergal setae during postembryonic development in the Sinella-Coecobrya group (Collembola: Entomobryidae). Contributions to Zoology, 80 (4), 213–230.
https://doi.org/10.1163/18759866-08004001
Zhang, F., Sun, D.D., Yu, D.Y. & Wang, B.X. (2015) Molecular phylogeny supports S-chaetae as a key character better than jumping organs and body scales in classification of Entomobryoidea (Collembola). Scientific Reports, 5, 12471.
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep12471