Abstract
Proneuronema sidorchukae sp. nov. (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae: Drepanepteryginae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. It is most similar to P. minor from Baltic amber, but easily distinguished from it by some crossveins in the third gradate series of the forewing broadly margined with dark brown, the proximal part of the costal space narrower, and proximal subcostal veinlets more oblique. The new species is the smallest known of the genus, with a forewing length of 5.9 mm. Rovno amber hemerobiids show a tendency to decrease in size compared to congeneric or conspecific specimens from Baltic amber. The morphology and terminology of the mesonotum in Hemerobiidae is discussed.
References
Banks, N. (1904) A list of neuropteroid insects, exclusive of Odonata, from the vicinity of Washington, D.C. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 6, 201–217.
Crampton, G.C. (1919) A phylogenetic study of the mesothoracic terga and wing bases in Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, Mecoptera, Diptera, Trichoptera and Lepidoptera. Psyche, 26, 58–64.
https://doi.org/10.1155/1919/19063
Ferris, G.F. (1940) The morphology of Plega signata (Hagen) (Neuroptera: Mantispidae). Microentomology, 5, 33–56.
Headrick, D.H. & Gordh, G. (2009) Anatomy: head, thorax, abdomen, and genitalia. In: Resh, V.H. & Cardé, R.T. (Eds), Encyclopedia of insects. 2nd Edition. Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp. 11–21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00005-9
Henriksen, K.L. (1922) Eocene insects from Denmark. Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, 2 (37), 1–36.
Ignatov, M.S., Lamkowski, P., Ignatova, E.A. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2019) Mosses from Rovno amber (Ukraine), 4. Sphagnum heinrichsii, a new moss species from Eocene. Arctoa, 28, 1–11.
https://doi.org/10.15298/arctoa.28.01
Illies, H. (1941) Das Insekten führende Alttertiär von Havighorst. Vorlaufige Mitteilung. Zeitschrift fuer Geschiebeforschung und Flachlandgeologie, 17, 16–24.
Jałoszyński, P. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2019) The Mastigitae genus †Baltostigus in Upper Eocene Rovno amber (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae), Zootaxa, 4661 (3), 594–600.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.12
Jepson, J.E., Makarkin, V.N. & Coram, R.A. (2012) Lacewings (Insecta: Neuroptera) from the Lower Cretaceous Purbeck Limestone Group of southern England. Cretaceous Research, 34, 31–47.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2011.10.001
Jepson, J.E., Penney, D. & Green, D.I. (2010) A new species of brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Eocene Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 2692 (1), 61–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2692.1.4
Killington, F.J. (1936) A monograph of the British Neuroptera. Vol. 1. Ray Society, London, xix + 269 pp.
Klimaszewski, J. & Kevan, D.K.M. (1986) A new lacewing-fly (Neuroptera: Planipennia) from Canadian Cretaceous Amber, with an analysis of its fore wing characters. Entomological News, 97, 124–132.
Krivokhatsky, V.A. (2011) Antlions (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) of Russia. KMK Scientific Press, St. Petersburg, 334 pp. [in Russian]
Krüger, L. (1922) Hemerobiidae. Beiträge zu einer Monographie der Neuropteren-Familie der Hemerobiiden. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 83, 138–172.
Krüger, L. (1923) Neuroptera succinica baltica. Die im baltischen Bernstein eingeschlossenen Neuroptera des Westpreussischen Provinzial-Museums (heute Museum für Naturkunde und Vorgeschichte) in Danzig. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 84, 68–92.
Lambkin, K.J. (1986) A revision of the Australian Mantispidae (Insecta: Neuroptera) with a contribution to the classification of the family I. General and Drepanicinae. Australian Journal of Zoology, Supplementary Series, 116, 1–142.
https://doi.org/10.1071/AJZS116
Larsson, S.G. (1975) Palaeobiology and mode of burial of the insects of the Lower Eocene Mo-clay of Denmark. Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, 24, 193–209.
Leach, W.E. (1815) Entomology. In: Brewster, D. (Ed.), Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, Edinburgh, 9 (Pt. 1), pp. 57–172.
Legalov, A.A., Nazarenko, V.Y. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) A new genus of fungus weevils (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) in Rovno amber. Fossil Record, 21, 207–212.
https://doi.org/10.5194/fr-21-207-2018
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. 10th Edition. Salvii, Holmiae, 824 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542
Makarkin, V.N., Archibald, S.B. & Oswald, J.D. (2003) New Early Eocene brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from western North America. The Canadian Entomologist, 135, 637–653.
https://doi.org/10.4039/n02-122
Makarkin, V.N. & Gröhn, C. (2020) The first unusual Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Cretaceous Research, 106, 104206. [in press, February 2020]
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104206
Makarkin, V.N., Perkovsky, E.E. & Gröhn, C. (2019) Neotype designation and re-description of Prolachlanius resinatus (Hagen) (Neuroptera, Hemerobiidae) from Baltic amber, with the first record of the species from Rovno amber. Zootaxa, 4688 (1), 57–70.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4688.1.2
Makarkin, V.N. & Wedmann, S. (2009) First record of the genus Sympherobius (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from Baltic amber. Zootaxa, 2078 (1), 55–62.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2078.1.3
Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann S. & Weiterschan T. (2016) A new genus of Hemerobiidae (Neuroptera) from Baltic amber, with a critical review of the Cenozoic Megalomus-like taxa and remarks on the wing venation variability of the family. Zootaxa, 4179 (3), 345–370.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4179.3.2
Matsuda, R. (1970) Morphology and evolution of the insect thorax. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 76, 1–431.
https://doi.org/10.4039/entm10276fv
McLachlan, R. (1869) New species, &c., of Hemerobiina; with synonymic notes (first series). Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 6, 21–27.
Morse, M. (1931) The external morphology of Chrysopa perla L. (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society, 39 (1), 1–43.
Obst, K. & Ansorge, J. (2012) Exkursionsführer Geologie und Landschaftsentwicklung der Greifswalder Oie (Exkursion D am 12. April 2012). Jahresberichte und Mitteilungen des Oberrheinischen Geologischen Vereins, Neue Folge, 94, 213–264.
https://doi.org/10.1127/jmogv/94/2012/213
Okamoto, H. (1905) Neuropterous insects of Hokkaido. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 1, 111–117. [in Japanese]
Oswald, J.D. (2018) Neuropterida Species of the World. Available from: http://lacewing.tamu.edu/SpeciesCatalog/Main (accessed 20 August 2019)
Panfilov, D.V. (1980) New representatives of lacewings (Neuroptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau. In: Dolin, V.G., Panfilov, D.V., Ponomarenko, A.G. & Pritykina, L.N. (Eds.), Fossil insects of the Mesozoic. Naukova Dumka, Kiev, pp. 82–111. [in Russian]
Parfin, S.I. & Gurney, A.B. (1956) The spongilla-flies, with special reference to those of the western hemisphere (Sisyridae, Neuroptera). Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 105, 421–529.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.105-3360.421
Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) Only a half of species of Hymenoptera in Rovno amber is common with Baltic amber. Vestnik zoologii, 52, 353–360.
https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2018-0037
Perkovsky, E.E. & Makarkin, V.N. (2019) A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus. Zootaxa, 4576 (3), 570–580.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4576.3.9
Perkovsky, E.E., Rasnitsyn, A.P., Vlaskin, A.P. & Rasnitsyn, S.P. (2012) Contribution to the study of the structure of amber forest communities based on analysis of syninclusions in the Rovno amber (late Eocene of Ukraine). Paleontologicheskii Zhurnal, 2012 (3), 70–78. [in Russian. English translation: Paleontological Journal, 46 (3), 293–301]
https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031030112030136
Perkovsky, E.E. & Wegierek, P. (2018) Aphid-Buchnera-Ant symbiosis, or why are aphids rare in the tropics and very rare further south? Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 107 (2/3), 297–310.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691017000147
Perkovsky, E.E., Zosimovich, V.Yu. & Vlaskin, A.P. (2010) Rovno amber. In: Penney, D. (Ed.), Biodiversity of fossils in amber from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, pp. 116–136.
Ponomarenko, A.G. (1992) New lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera) from the Mesozoic of Mongolia. In: Grunt, T.A. (Ed.), New taxa of the fossil invertebrates of Mongolia. Transactions of the Joint Soviet–Mongolian Paleontological Expedition. Vol. 41. Nauka Press, Moscow, pp. 101–111. [in Russian]
Rambur, J.P. (1842) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Névroptères. Fain et Thunot, Paris, [xviii] + 534 pp.
Rust, J. (1999) Biologie der Insekten aus dem ältesten Tertiär Nordeuropas. Habilitationsschrift zur Erlangung der venia legendi für das Fach Zoologie in der biologischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 482 pp.
Scudder, S.H. (1878) Additions to the insect-fauna of the Tertiary beds at Quesnel, British Columbia. Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress 1876–1877, 1878, 457–464.
Sokoloff, D.D., Ignatov, M.S., Remizowa, M.V., Nuraliev, M.S., Blagoderov, V., Garbout, A. & Perkovsky, E.E. (2018) A male flower of Prunus s.l. (Rosaceae) from Eocene Rovno amber (Ukraine). Journal of Plant Research, 131 (6), 925–943.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-018-1057-2
Snodgrass, R.E. (1927) Morphology and mechanism of the insect thorax. Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, 80 (1), 1–108.
Snodgrass, R.E. (1935) Principles of Insect Morphology. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, 667 pp.
Tjeder, B. (1967) Neuroptera-Planipennia. The Lace-wings of Southern Africa. 6. Family Nemopteridae. In: Hanström, B., Brinck, P. & Rudebec, G. (Eds.), South African Animal Life. Vol. 13. Swedish Natural Science Research Council, Stockholm, pp. 290–501.
Tjeder, B. (1992) The Ascalaphidae of the Afrotropical Region (Neuroptera). 1. External morphology and bionomics of the family Ascalaphidae, and taxonomy of the subfamily Haplogleniinae including the tribes Proctolyrini n. tribe, Melambrotini n. tribe, Campylophlebini n. tribe, Tmesibasini n. tribe, Allocormodini n. tribe, and Ululomyiini n. tribe of Ascalaphidae. Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 41, 3–169.
Yang, Q., Shi, C.F., Li, X.C., Pang, H. & Ren, D. (2018) The first fossil brown lacewing (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae) from the Miocene of the Tibetan Plateau. ZooKeys, 726, 145–154.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.726.21086