Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Type: Article
Published: 2020-01-30
Page range: 359–370
Abstract views: 171
PDF downloaded: 5

Integrative description of two new Cratena species (Mollusca: Nudibranchia) from western India

Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opposite Lion Gate, Mumbai, 400001, India.
National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20940-040, Brazil.
Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opposite Lion Gate, Mumbai, 400001, India.
Bombay Natural History Society, Hornbill House, Opposite Lion Gate, Mumbai, 400001, India.
Mollusca Heterobranchia Gastropoda Facelinidae ABGD sea slugs

Abstract

Among the Facelinidae, the genus Cratena comprises nine valid species, four of them presenting a similar colour pattern with white body, reddish diverticula in the cerata and a pair of orange spots laterally on the head. Based on an integrative molecular phylogenetic and morphological approach two new species from western India are described, Cratena poshitraensis sp. nov. and Cratena pawarshindeorum sp. nov. Both species are similar to C. peregrina and C. minor but differ in body length, shape and size of orange spots on the head, C. poshitraensis sp. nov. presenting narrow spots dorsally projected on the base of each oral tentacle while C. pawarshindeorum sp. nov. has large and conspicuous orange spots that embrace dorsally and ventrally the base of the oral tentacles. According to our phylogenetic analysis, Facelina turned out paraphyletic and Cratena polyphyletic with an unclear relationship to Myja and Facelinidae sp.2, and Cratena pilata clustering distant to other Cratena species.

 

References

  1. Apte, D.A. (2009) The Mediterranean Cratena peregrina from Mumbai, India. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/22690 (accessed 20 November 2019)

    Apte, D. & Desai, D. (2017) Field guide to the sea slugs of India. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, 456 pp.

    Apte, D., Bhave, V. & Parasharya, D. (2010) An annotated and illustrated checklist of the opisthobranch fauna of Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat, India, with 21 new records for Gujarat and 13 new records from India: part 1. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 107 (1), 14–23.

    Apte, D., Bhave, V., Pitale, R., Nagale, P. & Prasade, A. (2012) A preliminary report on diversity of coastal ecosystems of Maharashtra Part 3: Ecologically sensitive coastal areas of Ratnagiri, Rajapur and Vijaydurga. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, 173 pp.

    Barnard, K.H. (1927) South African nudibranch Mollusca, with descriptions of new species, and a note on some specimens from Tristan d’Acunha. Annals of the South African Museum, 25, 171–215.

    Bergh, L.S.R. (1864) Anatomiske bidrag til kundskab om Aeolidierne. Det Kongelige Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter, Naturvidenskabelige og Mathematiske Afdeling, 7, 139–316.

    Bergh, L.S.R. (1889–1893) Opisthobranchia. In: Carus, J.V (Ed.), Prodromus faunae Mediterraneae sive descriptio animalium maris mediterranei incolarum quam comparata silva rerum quatenus innotuit adiectic locis et nominibus vulgaribus eorumque auctoribus in commodum zoologorum congessit Julius Victor Carus. E. Schweizerbart’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 183–232.

    Bergh, L.S.R. (1896) Eolidiens d’Amboine. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 4, 2, 385–394.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.35506

    Bhave, V. (2009) Re: Cratena peregrina from India. [Message in] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/22754 (accessed 4 December 2019)

    Bhave, V. & Apte, D. (2011) Illustrated checklist of opisthobranch fauna of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India, with eight new records to India. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 108, 172–182.

    Boissin, E., Hoareau, T.B., Postaire, B., Gravier-Bonnet, N. & Bourmaud, C.A.-F. (2018) Cryptic diversity, low connectivity and suspected human-mediated dispersal among 17 widespread Indo-Pacific hydroid species of the South-western Indian Ocean. Journal of Biogeography, 45, 2104–2117.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13388

    Carmona, L., Pola, M., Gosliner, T.M. & Cervera, J.L. (2013) A tale that morphology fails to tell: a molecular phylogeny of Aeolidiidae (Aeolidida, Nudibranchia, Gastropoda). PLoS ONE, 8, e63000.

    https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063000.

    Cocks, W.P. (1852) New species of Mollusca. Naturalist, 2, 1.

    De Queiroz, K. (2007) Species concepts and species delimitation. Systematic Biology, 56, 879–886.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701701083

    Edgar, R.C. (2004) MUSCLE: multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Nucleic Acids Research, 32, 1792–1797.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkh340

    Edmunds, M. (1970) Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Tanzania. II. Eolidacea (Cuthonidae, Piseinotecidae and Facelinidae). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 39, 15–57.

    Edmunds, M. (2015) Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Ghana: Facelinidae. Journal of Conchology, 42, 125–161.

    Eliot, C.N.E. (1905) On some nudibranchs from East Africa and Zanzibar. Part VI. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 74 (4), 268–298.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1905.tb08338.x

    Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.

    García-Gómez, J.C. (2002) Paradigmas de una fauna insólita. Los moluscos opistobranquios del Estrecho de Gibraltar, Serie Ciencias 20. Instituto de Estudios Gibraltareños, Algeciras (Cádiz), 397 pp.

    Gmelin, J.F. (1791) Vermes. In: Gmelin, J.F. (Ed.), Caroli a Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae. G.E. Beer, Leipzig, pp. 3021–3910.

    Goldfuss, G.A. (1820) Handbuch der Zoologie. Johann Leonhard Schrag, Nürnberg, 696 pp.

    Goodheart, J.A., Bazinet, A.L., Collins, A.G. & Cummings M.P. (2015) Relationships within Cladobranchia (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia) based on RNA-Seq data: an initial investigation. Royal Society Open Science, 2, 150–196.

    https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150196

    Gosliner, T.M., Valdés, A. & Behrens, D.W. (2018) Nudibranch & Sea Slug Identification, Indo-Pacific. 2nd Edition. New World Publications Inc., Jacksonville, Florida, 451 pp.

    Gould, A.A. (1870) Report on the Invertebrata of Massachusetts. 2nd Edition. Comprising the Mollusca. Wright and Potter, State Printers, Boston, 524 pp.

    Kearse, M., Moir, R., Wilson, A., Stones-Havas, S., Cheung, M., Sturrock, S., Buxton, S., Cooper, A., Markowitz, S., Duran, C. Thierer, T.,Ashton, B., Meinties, P. & Drummond, A. (2012) Geneious Basic: an integrated and extendable desktop software platform for the organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics, 28, 1647–1649.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/bts199

    Martynov, A., Mehrotra, R., Chavanich, S., Nakano, R., Kashio, S., Lundin, K., Picton, B. & Korshunova, T. (2019). The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia). ZooKeys, 818, 89–116.

    https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.818.30477

    Meier, R., Shiyang, K., Vaidya, G. & Ng, P.K.L. (2006) DNA barcoding and taxonomy in Diptera: a tale of high intraspecific variability and low identification success. Systematic Biology, 55, 715–728.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150600969864

    MolluscaBase (2019) Cratena Bergh, 1864. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=146861 (accessed 4 December 2019)

    Nagale, P. & Apte, D. (2014) Intertidal hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa: Hydroidolina) from the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Marine Biodiversity Records, 7, e116.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755267214001146

    Nylander, J.A.A. (2004) MrModeltest. Version 2.2. Program distributed by the author. Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University. Available from: http://www.abc.se/~nylander/mrmodeltest2/mrmodeltest2.html (accessed 20 July 2019)

    Ortea, J. & Moro, L. (1998) Descripción de tres moluscos opistobranquios nuevos de las islas de Cabo Verde. Avicennia, 8 (9), 149–154.

    Padula, V., Araujo, A.K., Matthews-Cascon, H. & Schrödl, M. (2014) Is the Mediterranean nudibranch Cratena peregrina (Gmelin, 1791) present on the Brazilian coast? Integrative species delimitation and description of Cratena minor n. sp. Journal of Molluscan Studies, 80, 575–584.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/mollus/eyu052

    Padula, V., Wirtz, P. & Schrödl, M. (2017) Heterobranch sea slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ascension Island, South Atlantic Ocean. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 97 (4), 743–752.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315414000575

    Palumbi, S.R., Martin, A., Romano, S., McMillan, W.O., Stice, L. & Grabowski, G. (1991) The Simple Fool’s Guide to PCR. Version 2.0. Department of Zoology and Kewalo Marine Laboratory, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, 45 pp.

    Puillandre, N., Lambert, A., Brouillet, S. & Achaz, G. (2012) ABGD, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery for primary species delimitation. Molecular Ecology, 21, 1864–1877.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05239.x

    Rudman, W.B. (1999) Cratena peregrina (Gmelin, 1791). Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/cratpere (accessed 4 December 2019)

    Rudman, W.B. (2007) Cratena simba Edmunds, 1970. Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney. Available from: http://www.seaslugforum.net/factsheet/cratsimb (accessed 4 December 2019)

    Schmekel, L. & Portmann, A. (1982) Opisthobranchia des Mittelmeeres. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg and New York, 410 pp.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61817-8

    Sreeraj, C.R., Sivaperuman, C. & Raghunathan, C. (2013) Species Diversity and Abundance of Opisthobranch Molluscs (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia) in the Coral Reef Environments of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. In: Venkataraman K., Sivaperuman C. & Raghunathan C. (Eds.), Ecology and Conservation of Tropical Marine Faunal Communities. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 81–106.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38200-0_6

    Stamatakis, A. (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics, 22, 2688–2690.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btl446

    Talavera, G. & Castresana, J. (2007) Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments. Systematic Biology, 56, 564–577.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150701472164

    Tibiriçá, Y., Pola, M. & Cervera, J.L. (2017) Astonishing diversity revealed: an annotated and illustrated inventory of Nudipleura (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Mozambique. Zootaxa, 4359 (1), 1–133.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4359.1.1

    Wägele, H. (2004) Potential key characters in Opisthobranchia (Gastropoda, Mollusca) enhancing adaptive radiation. Organisms, Diversity and Evolution, 4, 175–188.

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ode.2004.03.002

    Xia, X. & Xie, Z. (2001) DAMBE: software package for data analysis in molecular biology and evolution. Journal of Heredity, 92, 371–373.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/92.4.371