Abstract
The sexual generation of Dryocosmus destefanii Cerasa & Melika, 2018 that emerges from galls on Q. suber L. in Italy is described for the first time, establishing its heterogonic life cycle. We provide observations on its distribution, illustration of adults and galls and information on its biology as supported by morphological and molecular data. An illustrated identification key to Western Palaearctic Dryocosmus species is also given.
References
Abe, Y., Melika, G. & Stone, G.N. (2007) The diversity and phylogeography of cynipid gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of the Eastern Palaearctic and their associated communities. Oriental Insects, 41, 169–212.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00305316.2007.10417504
Abe, Y., Ide, T., Konishi, K. & Ueno, T. (2014a) Discovery of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) from the Indochina region, with description of three new species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 399–406.
https://doi.org/10.1603/AN13180
Abe, Y., Ide, T. & Odagiri, K.-I. (2014b) Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) on Cyclobalanopsis (Fagaceae) in Mainland China, with the first record of sexual generation of Cynipini in winter. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 107, 911–916.
https://doi.org/10.1603/AN14076
Ács, Z., Melika, G., Pénzes, Z., Pujade-Villar, J. & Stone, G.N. (2007) The phylogenetic relationships between Dryocosmus, Chilaspis and allied genera of oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae: Cynipini). Systematic Entomology, 32, 70–80.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2006.00351.x
Adler, H. (1877) Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Cynipiden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 21, 209–248.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800210135
Adler, H. (1881) Les Cynipidae. 1re partie. Introdution. La génération alternante chez les Cynipidae. Traduit et annoté par J. Lichtenstein, Paris, 141 pp.
Aebi, A., Schönrogge, K., Melika, G., Alma, A., Bosio, G., Quacchia, A., Picciau, L., Abe, Y., Moriya, S., Yara, K., Seljak, G. & Stone, G.N. (2006) Parasitoid recruitment to the globally invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus. In: Ozaki, K., Yukawa, J., Ohgushi, T. & Price, P.W. (Eds.), Galling arthropods and their associates. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 103–122.
https://doi.org/10.1007/4-431-32185-3_9
Avtzis, D.N., Melika G., Matošević, D. & Coyle, D.R. (2018) The Asian chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus: a global invader and a successful case of classical biological control. Journal of Pest Science, 92 (1), 107–115.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-018-1046-1
Azizkhani, E., Rasoulian, G.-R., Kharazi-Pardel, A., Tavakoli, M., Sadeghi, S.E., Melika, G., Stone, G.N. & Atkinson, R. (2006) New species of oak gall wasps from Zagross Mountains of Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Folia Entomologica Hungarica, 67, 161–197.
Azmaz M. & Katılmış, Y. (2017) Cynipidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) fauna of Istanbul. Munis Entomology & Zoology, 12 (1), 151–167.
Bassett, H.F. (1873) On the habits of certain gall insects of the genus Cynips. The Canadian Entomologist, 5 (5), 91–94.
https://doi.org/10.4039/Ent591-5
Bird, J.P., Melika, G., Nicholls, J.A., Stone, G.N. & Buss, E.A. (2013) Life history, natural enemies, and management of Disholcaspis quercusvirens (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on live oak trees. Journal of Economic Entomology, 106, 1747–1756.
https://doi.org/10.1603/EC12206
Brussino, G., Bosio, G., Baudino, M., Giordano, R., Ramello, F. & Melika, G. (2002) Nuovo cinipide galligeno in Piemonte. Pericoloso insetto esotico per il castagno europeo. L’Informatore Agrario, 37, 59–61.
Buffington, M. & Morita, S.I. (2009) Not all oak gallwasps gall oaks: the description of Dryocosmus rileypokei, a new, apostate species of Cynipini from California. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 111 (1), 244– 253.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797-111.1.244
Cecconi, G. (1901) Contribuzioni alla Cecidologia italica. Le Stazioni sperimentali agrarie italiane, 34 (8), 729–744.
Cerasa, G., Lo Verde, G. & Massa, B. (2014) New records of Gall-inducer and inquiline insects in a few mediterranean countries, with biological notes. Journal of the Entomological Research Society, 16, 71–84.
Cerasa, G., Lo Verde, G., Caleca, V. & Massa, B. (2015) New records of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) from Italy. Annales de la Société entomologique de France, 51 (5–6), 477–486.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2016.1146634
Cerasa, G. & Massa, B. (2016) Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera) ovipositing in old galls of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). European Journal of Entomology, 113, 397–402.
https://doi.org/10.14411/eje.2016.051
Cerasa, G., Lo Verde, G., Caleca, V., Massa, B., Nicholls, J.A. & Melika, G. (2018) Description of Dryocosmus destefanii new species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Quercus suber L. in Italy. Zootaxa, 4370 (5), 535–548.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4370.5.5
Cobelli, R. (1903) Gli Imenotteri del Trentino. Pubblicazioni Museo Civico Rovereto, 40, 1–168.
Csóka G., Stone G.N. & Melika G. (2005) Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing Cynipidae. In: Raman A., Schaefer, C.W. & Withers, T.M. (Eds.), Biology, ecology and evolution of gall-inducing arthropods. Science Publishers Inc., Enfield, pp. 569–636
Dalla Torre, K.W. & Kieffer, J.J. (1910) Cynipidae. Das Tierreich. Vol. 24. Friedlander & Sohn, Berlin, 891 pp.
De Stefani, T. (1889) Cinipidi e loro galle. Discorso letto alla R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti di Palermo il 19 agosto 1888. Atti della Reale Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti di Palermo (1887–1888), 10, 1–12.
Doutt, R.L. (1959) Heterogony in Dryocosmus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 52, 69–74.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/52.1.69
Eady, R.D. (1968) Some illustrations of microsculpture in the Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 43, 66–72.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1968.tb01029.x
Fergusson, N.D.M. (1995) The cynipoid families. In: Hanson, P.E. & Gauld, I.D. (Eds.), The Hymenoptera of Costa Rica. Oxford University Press, Oxford, New York, Tokyo, pp. 247–265.
Gene Codes Corporation (1995) Sequencher. Version 3.0. Gene Codes, Ann Arbor, MI. Available from: https://www.genecodes.com/ (accessed 12 June 2019)
Hadley, A. (2011) Combine ZP. Available from: http://hadleyweb.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk (accessed 12 February 2015)
Harris, R. (1979) A glossary of surface sculpturing. State of California, Department of Food and Agriculture, Occasional Papers in Entomology, 28, 1–31.
Hood, G.R., Zhang, L., Topper, L., Brandão-Dias, P.F., Del Pino, G.A., Comerford, M.S. & Egan, S.P. (2018) ‘Closing the Life Cycle’ of Andricus quercuslanigera (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 111 (3), 103–113.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/say005
Ide, T. & Abe, Y. (2015) A new species of Dryocosmus Giraud (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) in Japan and Korea—first record of Eastern Palearctic Dryocosmus species showing alternation of generations on section Cerris oaks. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 117 (4), 467–480.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.117.4.467
Katılmış, Y. & Kıyak, S. (2008) Checklist of Cynipidae of Turkey with a new genus record. Journal of Natural History, 42 (31–32), 2161–2167.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802148981
Liljeblad, J. & Ronquist, F. (1998) A phylogenetic analysis of higher-level gall wasp relationships (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Systematic Entomology, 23, 229–252.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3113.1998.00053.x
Marković, Č. (2014) Contribution to knowledge of the fauna of Cynipid gall wasps (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae) of Mt. Jastrebac (Serbia). Acta entomologica serbica, 19 (1–2), 63–72.
McEwen, C., Digweed, S., Nicholls, J.A. & Cranshaw, W. (2014) Description and biology of the sexual generation of Disholcaspis quercusmamma (Walsh and Riley) (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with notes on associated parasitoids. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 116, 294–310.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.116.3.294
Melika, G. (2006) Gall Wasps of Ukraine. Cynipidae. Vestnik zoologii, Supplement 21 (1–2), 1–300 + 301–644.
Melika, G. (2018) Oak gallwasps of Ukraine (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). Науковий вісник Ужгородського університету. Серія Біологія, 44, 39–54.
https://doi.org/10.24144/1998-6475.2018.44.39-54
Melika, G., Pujade-Villar, J., Abe, Y., Tang, C.T., Nicholls, J.A., Wachi, N., Ide, T., Yang, M.M., Pénzes, Z., Csóka, G. & Stone, G.N. (2010) Palaearctic oak gallwasps galling oaks (Quercus) in the section Cerris: re-appraisal of generic limits, with descriptions of new genera and species (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 2470 (1), 1–79.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2470.1.1
Melika, G., Tang, C.-T., Nicholls, J., Yang, M.-M. & Stone, G.N. (2011) Four new species of Dryocosmus gallwasps from Taiwan (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae, Cynipini). ISRN Zoology, 2011, 725180.
https://doi.org/10.5402/2011/725180
Nazemi, J., Talebi, A.A., Sadeghi, S.E., Melika, G. & Lozan, A. (2008) Species richness of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) and identification of associated inquilines and parasitoids on two oak species in western Iran. North-Western Journal of Zoology, 4, 189–202.
Nicholls, J.A., Challis, R.J., Mutun, S. & Stone, G.N. (2012) Mitochondrial barcodes are diagnostic of shared refugia but not species in hybridising oak gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 21, 4051–4062.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2012.05683.x
Nicholls, J.A., Melika, G., DeMartini, J. & Stone, G.N. (2018a) New species of Dryocosmus Giraud gallwasps from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Chrysolepis Hjelmq. (Fagaceae). Zootaxa, 4532 (3), 407–433.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4532.3.6
Nicholls, J.A., Melika, G., DeMartini, J.D. & Stone, G.N. (2018b) A new species of Andricus Hartig gallwasp from California (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) galling Notholithocarpus (Fagaceae). Integrative Systematics: Stuttgart Contributions to Natural History, 1, 17–24.
https://doi.org/10.18476/insy.v01.a3
Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. & Massa, B. (2006) Contribution to the knowledge of the Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) of Jordan. Zoology in the Middle East, 37, 73–82.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2006.10638150
Pang, Y., Su, C.-Y. & Zhu, D.-H. (2018) Discovery of a new species of Dryocosmus Giraud, 1859 (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) on Castanopsis tibetana from China. Zootaxa, 4403 (1), 99–110.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4403.1.5
Payne, J.A., Menke, A.S. & Schroeder, P.M. (1975) Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu, (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), an oriental chestnut gall wasp in North America. United States Department of Agriculture Cooperative Economic Insect Report, 25, 903–905.
Polidori, C. & Nieves-Aldrey, J.L. (2014) Diverse filters to sense: great variability of antennal morphology and sensillae equipment in gall-wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). PloS ONE, 9 (7), e101843. [http://sci-hub.io]
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101843
Pujade-Villar, J., Bellido, D., Segu, G. & Melika, G. (2001) Current state of knowledge of heterogony in Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea). Sessió Conjunta d’Entomologia, 11, 87–107.
Rokas, A., Melika, G., Abe, Y., Nieves-Aldrey, J.L., Cook, J.M. & Stone, G.N. (2003) Lifecycle closure, lineage sorting, and hybridization revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) using mitochondrial sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 26, 36–45.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00329-9
Ronquist, F. & Nordlander, G. (1989) Skeletal morphology of an archaic cynipoid, Ibalia rufipes (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, supplement 33, 1–60.
Seltmann, K.C., Yoder, M.J., Mikó, I., Forshage, M., Bertone, M.A., Agosti, D., Austin, A.D., Balhoff, J.P., Borowiec, M.L., Brady, S.G., Broad, G.R., Brothers, D.J., Burks, R.A., Buffington, M.L., Campbel, H.M., Dew, K.J., Ernst, A.F., Fernández-Triana, J.L., Gates, M.W., Gibson, G.A.P., Jennings, J.T., Johnson, N.F., Karlsson, D., Kawada, R., Krogmann, L., Kula, R.R., Mullins, P.L., Ohl, M., Rasmussen, C., Ronquist, F., Schulmeister, S., Sharkey, M.J., Talamas, E., Tucker, E., Vilhelmsen, L., Ward, P.S., Wharton, R.A. & Deans, A.R. (2012) A hymenopterists’ guide to the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology: utility, clarification, and future directions. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 27, 67–88.
https://doi.org/10.3897/JHR.27.2961
Sharchar, E., Melika, G., Inbar, M. & Dorchin, N. (2018) The oak gall wasps of Israel (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini)—diversity, distribution and life history. Zootaxa, 4521 (4), 451–498.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4521.4.1
Stone, G.N., Atkinson, R.J., Rokas, A., Nieves-Aldrey, J.-L., Melika, G., Ács, Z., Csóka, G., Hayward, A., Bailey, R., Buckee, C. & McVean, G.A.T. (2008) Evidence for widespread cryptic sexual generations in apparently asexual Andricus gallwasps. Molecular Ecology, 17, 652–665.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03573.x
Stone, G.N., Schönrogge, K., Atkinson, R.J., Bellido, D. & Pujade-Villar, J. (2002) The population biology of oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Annual Review of Entomology, 47, 633–668.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.47.091201.145247
Tang, C.-T., Wu, S.-M., Yen, C.-F., Chang, R.-J. & Yang, M.-M. (2015) Successful colonization of a new invasive pest, the chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), in Taiwan. Formosan Entomologist, 35, 135–142.
Tang, C.-T., Mikó, I., Nicholls, J.A., Schwéger, S., Yang, M.-M., Stone, G.N., Sinclair, F., Bozsó, M., Melika, G. & Pénzes, Z. (2016a) New Dryocosmus Giraud species associated with Cyclobalanopsis and non-Quercus host plants from the Eastern Palaearctic (Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, Cynipini). Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 53, 77–162.
https://doi.org/10.3897/jhr.53.9890
Tang, C.-T., Sinclair, F., Hearn, J., Yang, M.-M., Stone, G.N., Nicholls, J.A., Schwéger, S. & Melika, G. (2016b) Eight new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika & Tang gallwasps from Taiwan and mainland China (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 4088 (4), 451–488.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4088.4.1
Tavakoli, M., Melika, G., Sadeghi, S.E., Pénzes, Z., Assareh, M.A., Atkinson, R., Bechtold, M., Mikó, I., Zargaran, M.R., Aligolizade, D., Barimani, H., Bihari, P., Pirozi, F., Fülöp, D., Somogyi, K., Challis, R., Preuss, S., Nicholls, J. & Stone, G.N. (2008) New species of oak gallwaps from Iran (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Zootaxa, 1699 (1), 1–64.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1699.1.1
Yasumatsu, K. (1951) A new Dryocosmus injurious to chestnut trees in Japan (Hym., Cynipidae). Mushi, 22, 89–92.
Yoder, M.J., Mikó, I., Seltmann, K.C., Bertone, M.A. & Deans, A.R. (2010) A gross anatomy ontology for Hymenoptera. PLoS ONE, 5 (12), e15991.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0015991
Zhu, D.-H., Liu, Z., Lu, P.-F., Yang, X.-H., Su, C.-H. & Liu, P. (2015) New gall wasp species attacking chestnut trees: Dryocosmus zhuili n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) on Castanea henryi from southeastern China. Journal of Insect Science, 15 (1), 156.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iev118