Abstract
We report the discovery of a new species of the genus Pycnogonum Brünnich, 1764 found in the shallow waters of Green Island, Taiwan. Pycnogonum (Nulloviger) granulatum sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of the granular integument, a dorsal tubercle on the proboscis, the transverse ridges on the dorsal surface of the trunk, and the spines on the ventral surface of the tibia, tarsus, and propodus having cleft tips. Because the male gonopores are present and ovigers are absent, the present species belongs to the subgenus Nulloviger. The present species has been compared with P. (N.) moolenbeeki Stock, 1992, P. (N.) lobipes Stock, 1991, P. (N.) tuberculatum Clark, 1963, P. nodulosum Döhrn, 1881, and P. spatium Takahashi, Dick & Mawatari, 2007. Among the congeners, P. spatium is geographically the closest congener, of which type locality is Amami Island, Japan. The holotype of P. spatium was loaned from Hokkaido University Museum (ICHUM) and re–examined. To determine the exact gender of the holotype of P. spatium, additional investigations of the coxal pellicula and gonopores are required.
References
Arango, C.P. (2003) Sea spiders (Pycnogonida, Arthropoda) from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia: new species, new records and ecological annotations. Journal of Natural History, 37, 2723–2772.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930210158771
Bamber, R.N., El Nagar, A. & Arango, C.P. (2020) Pycnobase: World Pycnogonida Database. Available from: http://www.marinespecies.org/pycnobase (accessed 26 January 2020)
Bamber, R.N. (2004) Pycnogonids (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from Taiwan, with description of three new species. Zootaxa, 458 (1), 1–12.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.458.1.1
Calman, W.T. (1938) Pycnogonida, Scientific. Reports of the John Murray Expedition, 1933–34, 5, 147–166.
Clark, W.C. (1956) A New Species of Pycnogonum from Banks Peninsula, New Zealand. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 7, 171–173.
Clark, W.C. (1963) Australian Pycnogonida. Records of the Australian Museum, 26, 1–82.
https://doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.26.1963.669
Coleman, C.O. (2009) Drawing setae the digital way. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 85, 305–310.
https://doi.org/10.1002/zoos.200900008
Döhrn, A. (1881) Die Pantopoden des Golfes von Neapel und der angrenzenden Meeres-Abschnitte. Monographie der Fauna und Flora des Golfes von Neapel, 3, 1–252.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.16340
Fry, W.G. & Hedgpeth, J.W. (1969) The Fauna of the Ross Sea part 7 Pycnognida, 1 Colossendeidae, Pycnogonidae, Endeidae, Ammotheidae. New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir, 49, 1–139.
Kocak, C. & Katagan, T. (2007) A pycnogonid species new for the Turkish fauna: Pycnogonum nodulosum Dohrn, 1881 (Arthropoda: Pycnogonidae). Zoology in the Middle East, 42, 110–112.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09397140.2007.10638258
Munilla, T. & Soler-Membrives, A. (2014) Pycnogonida. In: Sánchez, M.Á.R. (Ed.), Fauna Ibérica. Vol. 39. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. CSIC, Madrid, pp. 1–293.
Lehmann, T., Heß, M. & Melzer, R. (2014) Common littoral pycnogonids of the Mediterranean Sea. Zoosystematics and Evolution, 90, 163–224.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.90.7520
Staples, D.A. (2002) Pycnogonum (Pycnogonida: Pycnogonidae) from Australia with descriptions of two new species. Memoirs of the Museum of Victoria, 59, 541–553.
https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2002.59.12
Staples, D.A. (2007) A new species of Colossendeis (Pycnogonida: Colossendeidae) together with records from Australian and New Zealand waters. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 64, 79–94.
https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.2007.64.8
Staples, D.A. (2019) Pycnogonids (Arthropoda, Pycnogonida) from the Southwest Indian Ridge. Zootaxa, 4567 (3), 401–449.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4567.3.1
Stock, J.H. (1954) Pycnogonida from the Indo-West-Pacific, Australian and New Zealand waters. Papers from Dr Th. Mortensen’s Pacific Expedition, 1914-1916. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjφbenhavn, 116, 1–168.
Stock, J.H. (1966) Campagne de la Calypso au large des côtes atlantiques, de l’Amerique du sud (1961–62). 4. Pycnogonida. Résultats Scientifiques de la Campagne de la Calypso, 7, 385–406.
Stock, J.H. (1968a) Faune marine des Pyrénées–Orientales. Fascicule 6: Pycnogonides. Vie et Milieu, Supplément 19 (1-A), 1–38.
Stock, J.H. (1968b) Pycnogonida collected by the Galathea and Anton Bruun in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra Dansk Naturhistorisk Forening i Kjφbenhavn, 131, 7–65.
Stock, J.H. (1991) Deep–water Pycnogonida from the surroundings of New Caledonia. Résultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, 8, 125–212.
Stock, J.H. (1992) Littoral Pycnogonida from Oman. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde, 62, 81–98.
https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-06202003
Stock, J.H. (1994) Indo–west pacific Pycnogonida collected by some major oceanographic expeditions. Beaufortia, 44 (3), 17–77.
Takahashi, Y., Dick, M.H. & Mawatari, S.F. (2007) Sea spiders (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) from waters adjacent to the Nansei Islands of Japan. Journal of Natural History, 41, 61–79.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930601121783