Abstract
Two new species of Polypedilum (Asheum) (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) are described and figured as adult males, P. (A.) sofiae sp. n. collected in the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia and P. (A.) mayrahu sp. n. collected in the state of Bahia, Brazil. In addition, the adult male of Polypedilum (Asheum) curticaudatum (Rempel) is redescribed based on material from some localities in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Pantanal, and its larva and pupa are described for the first time.
References
Cranston, P.S., Dillon, M., Pinder, L.C.V. & Reiss, F.R. (1989) Keys and diagnoses of the adult males of the subfamily Chironominae (Diptera, Chironomidae). Entomologica Scandinavica, Supplement 34, 353–502.
Epler, J.H. (2001) Identification manual for the larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. A guide to the taxonomy of the midges of the southeastern United States, including Florida. Special Publication SJ2001-SP13, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina and St. Johns River Water Management District, Palatka, Florida, 526 pp.
Epler, J.H. (1988) Biosystematics of the genus Dicrotendipes Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae) of the world. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 36, 1–214.
Epler, J.H., Ekrem, T. & Cranston, P.S. (2013) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic Region—Keys and diagnoses. In: Andersen, T., Cranston, P.S. & Epler, J.H. (Eds.), The larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) of the Holarctic Region—Keys and diagnoses. Insect Systematics & Evolution, Supplement 66, pp. 387–556.
Felsenstein, J. (1985) Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap, Evolution, 39, 783–791.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1985.tb00420.x.
Hudson, P.L., Lenat, D.R., Caldwell, B.A. & Smith, D. (1990) Chironomidae of the Southeastern United States: A Checklist of Species and Notes on Biology, Distribution, and Habitat. US Fish & Wildlife Publications. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, 173 pp.
Jacobsen, R.E. (2008) A Key to the Pupal Exuviae of the Midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) of Everglades National Park, Florida. Scientific Investigations Report 2008–5082, US Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 119 pp.
https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085082
Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences, Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms’, Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Oyewo, E.A. & Sæther, O.A. (2008) Revision of Polypedilum (Pentapedilum) Kieffer and Ainuyusurika Sasa et Shirasaki (Diptera: Chironomidae). Zootaxa, 1953 (1), 1–145.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1953.1.1
Pinder, L.C.V. & Reiss, F. (1983) 10. The larvae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region—Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 19, 293–435.
Pinder, L.C.V. & Reiss, F. (1986) 10. The pupae of Chironominae (Diptera: Chironomidae) of the Holarctic region—Keys and diagnoses. Entomologica scandinavica, Supplement 28, 299–456.
Rempel, J.G. (1939) Neue Chironomiden aus Nordostbrasilien. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 127, 209–216.
Roque, F.O., Correia, L.C.S., Trivinho-Strixino, S. & Strixino, G. (2004) A Review of Chironomidae studies in lentic systems in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, Biota Neotropica, 4, 2.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032004000200007
Sæther, O.A. & Sundal, A. (1999) Cerobregma, a new subgenus of Polypedilum Kieffer, with a tentative phylogeny of subgenera and species groups within Polypedilum (Diptera: Chironomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 71, 315–382.
Sæther, O.A. (1980) Glossary of chironomid morphology terminology (Diptera: Chironomidae), Entomologica Scandinavica, 14, 1–51.
Sæther, O.A., Andersen, T., Pinho, L.C. & Mendes, H.F. (2010) The problems with Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae), with the description of Probolum subgen. n. Zootaxa, 2497 (1), 1–36.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2497.1.1
Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps [online]. Available from: http://www.simplemappr.net (accessed 16 December 2019)
Silva, F.L. & Farrell, B.D. (2017) Non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) research in South America: subsidizing biogeographic hypotheses, Annales de Limnologie—International Journal of Limnology, 53, 111–128.
https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2016039
Spies M. & Reiss, F. (1996) Catalog and bibliography of Neotropical and Mexican Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera), Spixiana, Supplement 22, 61–119.
Sublette, J.E. & Sublette, M.S (1983) Asheum, a replacement name in Chironomidae (Diptera). Entomological News, 94, 34.
Sublette, J.E. (1964) Chironomidae (Diptera) of Louisiana I. Systematics and immature stages of some lentic chironomids of west-central Louisiana. Tulane Studies in Zoology, 11, 109–150.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.7051