Abstract
A catalog of the Bibionidae of Chile is provided. We present all valid names and synonyms for the 33 species and 2 genera known from the country, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species, type locality and references. The geographical distribution of the species known from Chile was compiled from bibliographic data and revised collections. Epiplecia Giard, Heteroplecia Hardy, and Pleciodes Hardy are proposed as junior synonyms of Plecia Wiedeman.
References
Bellardi, L. (1859) Saggio di ditterologia messicana. Appendice. Memoire della Reale Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Serie 2, 21, 1–18, pl. 1.
Bigot, J. (1888) Section V. Diptères In: Ministères de la Marine et de l’Instruction Publique, Mission Scientifique au Cap Horn. 1882–1883. Tome VI. Zoologie. Pt. 2. Insectes. Gauthier-Villars et Fils, Paris, pp. 1–45 pp., 4 pls., 4to.
Blanchard, E. (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes orthoptères, nèvroptères, hémiptères, hyménoptères, lépidoptères et diptères. In: Laporte, F.L. de (Ed.), Histoire naturelle des animaux articuleìs, Paris, 3, pp. 1–672, pls. 1–67.
Blanchard, E. (1854) Diptera. In: Gay, C. (Ed.), Historia Física y Política de Chile, Fauna Chilena, Insectos. Zoología, 7, pp. 353–358.
Blaschke-Berthold, U. (1994) Anatomie und Phylogenie der Bibionomorpha (Insecta: Diptera). Bonner Zoologische Monographien, 34, 1–206.
Bravo, F., Castro, I. & Araujo, F.T. (2001) Uma nova espécie de Plecia (Diptera, Bibionidae) do Nordeste Brasileiro. Acta Biologica Leopoldensia, 23 (2), 157–165.
Brèthes, J. (1925) Coléopteres et diptères Chiliens. Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, 29, 198–208.
Buschman, L.L. (1976) Invasion of Florida by the “lovebug” Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Entomologist, 59 (2), 191–194.
Callahan, P.S. (1985) Dielectric waveguide modeling at 3.0 cm of the antenna sensilla of the lovebug, Plecia neartica Hardy. Applied Optics, 24 (8), 1094–1097.
Callahan, P.S. & Denmark, H.A. (1973) Attraction of the “lovebug,” Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae), to UV radiated automobile exhaust fumes. Florida Entomologist, 56 (2), 113–119.
Callahan, P.S., Carlysle, T.C. & Denmark, H.A. (1985) Mechanism of attraction of Lovebug, Plecia nearctica, to Southern Highways: Further evidence for the IR- dielectric Waveguide Theory of Insect Olfaction. Applied Optics, 24 (8), 1088–1093.
Camousseight, A. (2005) La contribución entomológica de R.A. Philippi entre 1859 y 1875 y el estado actual de sus especies. Boletín del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Chile, 54, 81–106.
Carpenter, F.M. (1992) Vol. 4. Superclass Hexapoda. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Part R. Arthropoda 4. Vol. 2. Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado & University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 279–655.
Chambers, S.M. (1977) Genetic characteristics of a colonizing episode in the “lovebug,” Plecia nearctica. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 70 (4), 537–540.
Cherry, R. (1998) Attraction of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae) to anethole. The Florida Entomologist, 81 (4), 559–562.
Cherry, R. & Raid, R. (2000) Seasonal flight of Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae) in southern Florida. The Florida Entomologist, 83 (1), 94–96.
Coquillett, D.W. (1910) The type-species of North American genera of Diptera. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 37, 499–647.
Costa, A. (1866) Acquisti fatti durante l’anno 1863. Annuario della Museo Zoologico. Università di Napoli, 3, 13–48.
D’Arcy-Burt, S. & Blackshaw, R.P. (1991) Bibionids (Diptera: Bibionidae) in agricultural land: a review of damage, benefits, natural enemies and control. Annals of Applied Biology, 118, 695–708.
Denmark, H.A. & Mead, F.W. (1992) Lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular, 350, 1–10.
Edwards, F.W. (1920) Diptères Nematocères. Mission du Service Géographique de L’Armée pur la mesure d’un Arc de Mèridien Équatorial en Amérique du sud sous le contrôle scientifique de l’académie des sciences 1899–1906, 10 (2), 147–149.
Edwards, F.W. (1930) Bibionidae. In: Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile. Part 2. Fascicle 3. British Museum (Natural History), London, pp. 77–88.
Edwards, F.W. (1935) New Neotropical Bibioninae (Diptera). Stylops, 4 (1), 19–24.
Edwards, F.W. (1938) Bibionidae (Diptera) collected by Mr. F. Plaumann in Brazil. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 11 (2), 321–330.
Edwards, E.E. (1941) The fever fly, Dilophus febrilis L., and methods for the control of its larvae in cultivated lawns. Annals of Applied Biology, 28, 34–38.
Enderlein, G. (1934) Dipterologica. II. Sitzungsberichteder Gesellschaft naturforschender Freunde, 2, 181–190.
Evenhuis, N.L. (2014) Catalog of the fossil flies of the world (Insecta: Diptera). Version 2.0. Available from: http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/fossilcat/ (accessed February 2020)
Evenhuis, N.L. & Greathead, D.J. (1999) World catalog of bee flies (Diptera: Bombyliidae). Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, xlviii + 756 pp.
Evenhuis, N.L. (2015) Dates of the Diptera in Volume 7 of the Zoología of Gay’s “Historia Física y Política de Chile.” Fly Times, 55, 40–45.
Evenhuis, N.L. (2017) The insect and spider collections of the world website. http://hbs.bishopmuseum.org/codens/ (accessed 26 August 2019)
Fabricius, J.C. (1805) Systema antliatorum secundum ordines, genera, species adiecta synonymis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. C. Reichard, Brunsvigae (Brunswick), 403 pp. [pp. i–xiv + (15)–372 + (1) + 1–30]
Falaschi, R.L., Oliveira, S.S. & Amorim, D.S. (2016) Family Bibionidae. Zootaxa, 4122 (1), 20–25.
Fitzgerald, S.J. (1998) Eighteen new species of Neotropical species of Neotropical Plecia (Diptera: Bibionidae) and taxonomic notes of the genus. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 124 (2), 133–164.
Fitzgerald, S.J. (2000) Bibionidae. In: Llorente Bousquets, J.E., González Soriano, E. & Papavero, N. (Eds.), Biodiversidad, Taxonomía y Biogeografía de Artrópodos de México: Hacia una Síntesis de su Conocimiento. Vol. II. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, pp.627–634.
Fitzgerald, S.J. (2004) Evolution and classification of Bibionidae (Diptera, Bibionomorpha). Ph.D. dissertation, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, (14) + 385 pp.
Fitzgerald, S.J. (2009) Bibionidae (March flies, Love-bugs). In: Brown, B.V., Borkent, A., Cumming, J.M., Wood, D.M., Woodley, N.E. & Zumbado, M.A. (Eds.), Manual of Central American Diptera. Vol. 1. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, pp. 245–251.
Fleming, J. (1821) Insecta. In: Stewart, D., Playfair, J. & Brande, W.T. (Eds.), Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica. A. Constable & Co., Edinburgh, 5 (Pt. 1), pp. 41–56. [(1815)–1824]
Giard, A. (1879) Note sur les bibionids fossiles. Genre Plecia. Bulletin scientifique du Département du Nord et des pays voisins, 10 (1), 12–16.
González, C.R. & Coscarón, S. (2005) Diversidad de dípteros en la Cordillera de la Costa de Chile. In: Smith-Ramiìrez, C., Armesto, J.J., Valdovinos, C. (Eds.), Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile. Editorial Universitaria, Santiago, pp. 352–368.
González, C.R., Elgueta, M. & Ramírez, F. (2018) A catalog of Acroceridae (Diptera) from Chile. Zootaxa, 4374 (3), 427–440
Hardy, D.E. (1942) Studies in New World Philia (Bibionidae) Part I. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 15 (4), 127–134.
Hardy, D.E. (1945) Revision of Nearctic Bibionidae, including Neotropical Plecia and Penthetria (Diptera). The University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 30, 367–547.
Hardy, D.E. (1950) Studies in Pacific Bibionidae (Diptera). Part I. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society, 14, 75–85.
Hardy, D.E. (1952) A monographic study of the African Bibionidae ((Diptera). Part III, genus Plecia. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 25, 72–91.
Hardy, D.E. (1953) The Argentine Bibionidae (Diptera). Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 12, 343–376.
Hardy, D.E. (1957) New Neotropical Bibionidae in the Naturhistorisches Museum Vienna. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 61, 238–240.
Hardy, D.E. (1959) Catalogue of the Neotropical Bibionidae. Acta Zoológica Lilloana, 17, 437–476.
Hardy, D.E. (1966) 18. Family Bibionidae. In: Papavero, N. (Ed.), A Catalogue of the Diptera of the Americas south of the United States. Departamento de Zoologia da Secretaria da Agricultura do Estado de SaÞo Paulo, SaÞo Paulo, pp. 1–20.
Hardy, D.E. (1967) The Types of Bibionidae (Diptera) in the Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien. Annalen des Naturhistorichen Museums in Wien, 70, 169–181.
Heer, O. (1849) Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Zweite Theil: Heuschrecken, Florfliegen, Aderflügler, Schmetterlinge und Fliegen. W. Engelmann, Leipzig, iv + 264 pp.
Hetrick, L.A. (1970) Biology of the “love-bug,” Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Florida Entomologist, 53 (1), 23–26.
Hieber, C.S. & Cohen, J.A. (1983) Sexual selection in the lovebug, Plecia nearctica: the role of male choice. Evolution, 37 (5), 987–992.
Hong, Y.-C., Yang, T.-C., Wang, S.-T., Sun, H.-C., Tu, N.-C. & Sun, M.-R. (1980) Study of Stratigraphy and Paleontology from Fushun Coal field of Liaoning Province, China. Science Press, Beijing, 98pp. [in Chinese]
Hunter, W.D. (1900) Catalogue of the Diptera of South America. Part. I. Bibliography and Nematocera. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 26, 260–298.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (1963) Opinion 678. The suppression under the plenary powers of the pamphlet published by Meigen, 1800. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 20, 339–342.
Kertész, C. (1902) Catalogus dipterorum Hucusque Descriptorum. Vol. I. Lipsiae, Budapestini, 339 pp.
Kish, L.P., Allen, G.E., Kimbrough, J.W. & Kuitert, L.C. (1974) A survey of fungi associated with the lovebug, Plecia nearctica, in Florida. The Florida Entomologist, 57 (3), 281–284.
Kish, L.P., Terry, I. & Allen, G.E. (1977) Three fungi tested against the lovebug, Plecia nearctica, in Florida. Florida Entomologist, 60, 291–295.
Krivosheina, N.P. (1997) Chapter 2.4. Family Hesperinidae. In: Papp, L. & Darvas, B., Contributions to a manual of Palaearctic Diptera (with special reference to flies of economic importance). Vol. 2. Nematocera and Lower Brachycera. Science Herald, Budapest, pp. 35–39.
Kuitert, L.C. (1975) Sexual dimorphism in Plecia nearctica pupae (Diptera: Bibionidae). Note. Florida Entomologist, 58, 212.
Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considérations générales sur l’ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des crustacés, des arachnides, et des insectes: avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp.
Leppla, N.C., Carlysle, T.C. & Guy, T.H. (1975) Reproductive systems and the mechanics of copulation in Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 4 (4), 299–306.
Leppla, N.C., Sharp, J.L., Turner, W.K., Hamilton, E.W. & Bennett, D.R. (1974) Rhythmic activity of Plecia nearctica. Environmental Entomology, 3 (2), 323–326.
Macquart, P.J.M. (1838) Diptères exotiques, nouveaux ou peu connus. Tome premier.—1re partie. Roret, Paris, pp. 5–221, 25 pls.
McAtee, W.L. (1921) Notes on Nearctic bibionid flies. Proceedings of United States of National Museum, 60 (11), 1–27.
Meigen, J.G. (1800) Nouvelle classification des mooches aÌ deux ailes (Diptera L.) d’apreÌs un plan tout nouveau. Perronneau, Paris, 40 pp.
Meigen, J.G. (1803) Versuch einer neuen Gattungs Eintheilung der europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Magazin für Insektenkunde, 2, 264.
Morris, H.M. (1922) The larval and pupal stages of Bibionidae. Part II. Bulletin of entomological research, 13, 189–195.
Oustalet, J.F.E. (1870) Recherches sur les insectes fossiles des terraines tertiaires de la France. Annales des Sciences Géologiques Paris, 2 (3), 1–178.
Pape, T., Blagoderov, V. & Mostovskipp, M.B. (2011) Order Diptera Linnaeus. In: Zhang, Zhi-Qiang (Ed.), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa, 3148, 222–229.
Philip, C.B. (1968) The types of Chilean species of Tabanidae (Diptera) described by Dr. R.A. Philippi. Revista Chilena de Entomología, 6, 7–16.
Philippi, R.A. (1865) Aufzählung der chilenischen Dipteren. Verhandlungen der k. -k. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien. Verhandlungen der Zoologisches-botanisches Gesellschaft Wien, 15, 595–782, pls. xxiii–xxix.
Pinto, L. & Amorim, D.S. (1996) Description of immature stages of two Neotropical species of Plecia, with a discussion about the evolution of immature characters in Bibionidae (Insecta, Diptera, Bibionidae). Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 72 (2), 311–326.
Pinto, L.G. & Amorim, D.S. (2000) Bibionidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha). Morfologia e análise filogenética. Holos, Ribeirão Preto, 98 pp. [in Portuguese]
Reed, E.C. (1888) Catálogo de los insectos dípteros de Chile. Anales de la Universidad de Chile, 73, 271–316.
Rotramel G. (1969) Orientation and coupling in Dilophus orbatus (Diptera: Bibionidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist, 45, 74.
Schiner, J.R. (1868) Diptera. In: Reise der österreichischen Fregatte Novara um die Erde in den Jahren 1857, 1858, 1859 unter den Befehlen des Commodore B. Von Wüllerstorf-Urbair. Zoologischer Theil. Zweiter Band. 1. Abtheilung. B.K. Gerold’s Sohn, Wien (Vienna), pp. 1–388.
Ševčík, J., Kaspřák, D., Mantič, M., Fitzgerald, S., Ševčíková, T., Tóthová,A. & Jaschhof,M. (2016) Molecular phylogeny of the megadiverse insect infraorder Bibionomorpha sensu lato (Diptera). PeerJ, 4 (e2563), 1–30.
Sharp, L.J., Leppla, N.C., Bennett, D.R., Turner, W.K. & Hamilton, E.W. (1974) Flight ability of Plecia nearctica in the laboratory. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 67 (5), 735–738.
Skartveit, J. (2002a) The larvae of European Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). Journal of Natural History, 36, 449–485.
Skartveit, J. (2002b) Variation in fecundity and egg size in relation to female size and altitude in Palaearctic Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). Studia dipterologica, 9, 113–127.
Skartveit, J. (2008) Fossil Hesperinidae and Bibionidae from Baltic amber (Diptera: Bibionoidea). Studia dipterologica, 15, 3–42.
Skartveit, J. & Nel, A (2017) Revision of fossil Bibionidae (Insecta: Diptera) from French Oligocene deposits. Zootaxa, 4225 (1), 1–83.
Skartveit, J. & Willassen, E. (1996) Phylogenetic relationships in Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). In: Skarteveit, J., Studies on the systematics and life histories of Bibioninae (Diptera, Bibionidae). Ph.D. dissertation, University of Bergen, Bergen, pp. 1–316.
Speiser, P. (1909) 4. Orthorhapha. Orthorhapha Nematocera. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Zoologische Expedition nach dem Kilimandjaro dem Meru und den umgebenden Massaisteppen Deutsch-Ostafrikas, 10 (Diptera), 31–65.
Stuardo, C. (1946) Catálogo de los dípteros de Chile. Ministerio de Agricultura, Impresiones Universitaria, Santiago, 250 pp.
Sturm, H. (1989) Beziehungen zqischen den Blüten einiger hochandiner Wollschopfpflanzen (Espeletiinae, Asteraceae) und Insekten. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 24 (3), 137–155.
Thornhill, R. (1976a) Dispersal of Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). The Florida Entomologist, 59 (1), 45–53.
Thornhill, R. (1976b) Biology and reproductive behavior of Dilophus sayi (Diptera: Bibionidae). The Florida Entomologist, 59 (1), 1–4.
Thornhill, R. (1976c) Reproductive behavior of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69 (5), 843–847.
Thornhill, R. (1980) Sexual selection within mating swarms of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Animal Behavior, 28, 405–412.
Trimble, J.J. (1974) Ultrastructure of the ejaculatory duct region of the lovebug, Plecia nearctica Hardy (Diptera: Bibionidae). International Journal of Insect Morphology & Embryology, 3(3/4), 353–359.
Van Handel E. (1976) Metabolism of the “lovebug” Plecia nearctica (Diptera: Bibionidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69, 215–216.
Walker, F. (1837) Descriptions of the insects collected by Capt. P.P. King, R.N., F.R.S., in the survey of the Straits of Magellan. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 17, 331–359.
Walker, F. (1856) Diptera [concl.]. Part 1. In: Saunders, W.W. (Ed.), Insecta Saundersiana: or Characters of Undescribed Insects in the Collection of William Wilson Saunders, Esq., John Van Voorst, Paternoster Row, London, pp. 415–474.
Waller, A., Nel, A. & Menier, J.-J. (2000) Le premier Dilophus fossile de l’ambre Dominican [Diptera, Bibionidae]. Revue francaise d’Entomologie, New Series, 22 (4), 149–153.
Whitesell, J.J. (1974) Heat, sound and engine exhaust as “lovebug” attractants (Diptera: Bibionidae: Plecia nearctica). Environmental Entomology, 3 (6), 1038–1039.
Wiedemann, C.R.W. (1828) Aussereuropäische zweifügelige Insekten. Vol. 1. In der Schulzischen Buchhandlung, Hamm, 608 pp. [pp. 72–81].
Wulp, F.M. van der (1881) Amerikaansche Diptera. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 24, 141–168.
Zhang, J.-F. (1989) Fossil insects from Shanwang, Shandong, China. Shandong Science and Technology Publishing House, Jinan, 459 p. [in Chinese]