Abstract
This study examines material collected in the northern part of the Gulf of Cádiz, in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, between the Iberian Peninsula and northern Africa, at 300–1200 m depth, within the Site of Community Importance “Volcanes de fango del Golfo de Cádiz” (Mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cádiz, ESZZ-12002). Several previous studies were carried out in the Iberian Peninsula and Moroccan area (shallow and deep waters), recording ca. 300 bryozoan species from the Gulf of Cádiz. In the present study a total of 40 bryozoan taxa were identified, including two species new to science—Antropora gemarita n. sp. and Microporella funbio n. sp.—and three new records for the area.
References
Allmann, G.J. (1856) A monograph of the Freshwater Polyzoa, including all the known species, both British and Foreign. The Ray Society, London, 119 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.9143
Audouin, J.V. (1826) Explication sommaire des planches de polypes de l’Egypte et de la Syrie, publiées par Jules-Cesar Savigny. In: Audouin, J.V. (Ed.), Description de l’Egypte, ou recueil des observations et des recherches qui ont été faites en Egypte pendant l’expédition de l’armée française...Histoire naturelle, 1 (4), pp. 1–339.
Álvarez, J.A. (1992) Briozoos de la Campaña Fauna I. Parte Primera: Ctenostomida y Cheilostomida Anascina. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 33, 273–297.
Álvarez, J.A. (1994) Briozoos de la Campaña Fauna I (Sur de la Peninsula Ibérica). Parte II: Cheilostomida Ascophorina y Cyclostomida. Graellsia, 50, 129–145.
Barroso, M.G. (1912) Briozoos de la Estación de Biología marítima de Santander. Trabajos del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, 5, 1–64.
Barroso, M.G. (1917) Notas sobres Briozoos. Boletin de la Real Sociedad española de Historia Natural, 17, 494–499.
Barroso, M.G. (1920) Notas sobres Briozoos españoles. 8. Boletin de la Real Sociedad española de Historia Natural, 20, 353–362.
Berning, B., Tilbrook, K.J. & Rosso, A. (2008) Revision of the north-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genera Herentia and Therenia (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). Journal of Natural History, 42, 1509–1547.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802109140
Bishop, J.D.D. & Househam, B.C. (1987) Puellina (Bryozoa; Cheilostomatida; Cribrilinidae) from British and adjacent waters. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, 53, 1–63.
Bock, P. (2019) Recent and Fossil Bryozoa. Available from: http://bryozoa.net/index.html (accessed 2 Dec. 2019)
Bradstock, M. & Gordon, D.P. (1983) Coral-like bryozoan growths in Tasman Bay, and their protection to conserve fish stocks. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 17, 159–163.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1983.9515993
Busk, G. (1852) Catalogue of Marine Polyzoa in the collection of the British Museum. Cheilostomata. Part I. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 54 pp.
Busk, G. (1858) Zoophytology. On some Madeiran Polyzoa. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 6, 124–130.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2818.1858.tb04550.x
Busk, G. (1859) A Monograph of the Fossil Polyzoa of the Crag. The Palaeontographical Society, London, 136 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2037
Busk, G. (1860) Zoophytology. Shetland Polyzoa. Collected by Mr. Barlee (continued and concluded). Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 213–214.
Busk, G. (1861) Description of new Polyzoa collected by J.Y. Johnston Esq., at Madeira. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, New Series, 1, 77–80.
Calvet, L. (1906) Note préliminaire sur les bryozoaires recueillis par les expeditions du “Travailleur” (1881–1882) et du “Talisman” (1883). Bulletin du Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle, 12, 154–166. [http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5021333]
Canu, F. & Bassler, R.S. (1917) A synopsis of American Early Tertiary Cheilostome Bryozoa. United States National Museum Bulletin, 96, 1–87.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.03629236.96.1
Canu, F. & Bassler, R.S. (1925) Les Bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 10, 1–79.
Canu, F. & Bassler, R.S. (1928) Les bryozoaires du Maroc et de Mauritanie, 2me mémoire. Mémoires de la Société des Sciences Naturelles du Maroc, 18, 1–85.
Cocito, S., Ferdeghini, F., Morri, C. & Bianchi, C.N. (2000) Patterns of bioconstruction in the cheilostome bryozoan Schizoporella errata: the influence of hydrodynamics and associated biota. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 192, 153–161.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps192153
David, L. & Pouyet, S. (1978) Le genre Herentia Gray, 1848 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata). Systèmatique et phylogènese, biostratigraphie et biogeographie. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de la Faculté des Sciences de Lyon HS 4, Livre Jubilaire Jacques Flandrin, 1978, 167–193.
Díaz del Río, V., Somoza, L., Martínez-Frías, J., Mata, M.P., Delgado, A., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Lunar, R., Martín-Rubí, J.A., Maestro, A., Fernández-Puga, M.C., Leon, R., Llave, E., Medialdea, T. & Vázquez, J.T. (2003) Vast fields of hydrocarbon-derived carbonate chimneys related to the accretionary wedge/olistostrome of the Gulf of Cádiz. Marine Geology, 195 (1–4), 177–200.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00687-4
Díaz del Río, V., Bruque, G., Fernández-Salas, L.M., Rueda, J.L., González, E., López, N., Palomino, D., López, F.J., Farias, C., Sánchez, R., Vázquez, J.T., Rittierott, C., Fernández, A., Marina, P., Luque, V., Oporto, T., Sánchez, O., García, M., Urra, J., Bárcenas, P., Jiménez, M.P., Sagarminaga, R. & Arcos, J.M. (2014) Volcanes de fango del golfo de Cádiz, Proyecto LIFE + INDEMARES. Fundación Biodiversidad del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente, Madrid, 130 pp.
Dick, M.H. & Grischenko, A.V. (2016) Rocky-intertidal cheilostome bryozoans from the vicinity of the Sesoko Biological Station, west-central Okinawa, Japan. Journal of Natural History, 51, 141–266.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2016.1253797
Fernández-Puga, M.C., Vázquez, J.T., Somoza, L., Díaz del Río, V., Medialdea, T., Mata, M.P. & León, R. (2007) Gas related morphologies and diapirism in the Gulf of Cádiz. Geo-Marine Letters, 27 (2–4), 213–221.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0076-0
Fewkes, J.W. (1889) A preliminary notice of a stalked bryozoan Ascorhiza occidentalis. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 6, 3 (13), 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938909460287
Gray, J.E. (1848) List of the Specimens of British Animals in the Collection of the British Museum. Part. I. Centroniae orradiated animals. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 173 pp.
Harmelin, J.-G. (1973) Les Bryozoaires des peuplements sciaphiles de Méditerranée: le genre Crassimarginatella Canu (Chilostomes Anasca). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 14, 471–492.
Harmelin, J.-G. (1974) A propos d’une forme stomatoporienne typique, Stomatopora gingrina Jullien, 1882 (Bryozoaires Cyclostomes), et de son gonozooide. Journal of Natural History, 8, 1–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937400770011
Harmelin, J.-G. (1978) Sur quelques cribrimorphes (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) d’Atlantique orientale. Tethys, 8, 173–192.
Harmelin, J.-G. & Aristegui, J. (1988) New Cribrilinidae (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) from the upper bathyal of the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Journal of Natural History, 22, 507–535.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938800770351
Harmelin, J.-G. & d’Hondt, J.-L. (1992a) Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne océanographique BALGIM, 1984). 1—Chéilostomes. Bulletin du Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle, 14, 23–67.
Harmelin, J.-G. & d’Hondt, J.-L. (1992b) Bryozoaires des parages de Gibraltar (campagne océanographique BALGIM, 1984). 2—Cténostomes et cyclostomes. Bulletin du Muséum National d’histoire Naturelle, 14, 605–621.
Harmelin, J.-G. & d’Hondt, J.-L. (1993) Transfers of bryozoan species between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea via the Strait of Gibraltar. Oceanologica Acta, 16, 63–72.
Harmelin, J.-G., Ostrovsky, A.N., Cáceres-Chamizo, J. & Sanner, J. (2011) Bryodiversity in the tropics: taxonomy of Microporella species (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata) with personate maternal zooids from Indian Ocean, Red Sea and southeast Mediterranean. Zootaxa, 2798 (1), 1–30.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2798.1.1
Harmer, S.F. (1915) The Polyzoa of the Siboga Expedition. Part 1. Entoprocta, Ctenostomata and Cyclostomata. Siboga Expedition Reports, 28, 1–180.
http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/18869
Hassall, A.H. (1841) Supplement to a catalogue of Irish Zoophytes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 1, 363–373.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03745484109442710
Hayward, P.J. & McKinney, F.K. (2002) Northern Adriatic Bryozoa from the vicinity of Rovinj, Croatia. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 270, 1–139.
https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090(2002)270<0001:NABFTV>2.0.CO;2
Hincks, T. (1860) Descriptions of new Polyzoa from Ireland. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 8, 275–280.
Hincks, T. (1862) A catalogue of the Zoophytes of South Devon and South Cornwall. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History; Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Series 3, 9 (49), 22–30.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936208681181
Hincks, T. (1877) On British Polyzoa Part II. Classification. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 4, 20 (120), 520–532.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937708682275
Hincks, T. (1879) On the classification of the British Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 3 (14), 153–164.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222937908682494
Hincks, T. (1880a) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part I. Madeiran Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 6 (31), 69–80.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938009458895
Hincks, T. (1880b) Contributions towards a general history of the marine Polyzoa. Part II. Foreign Membraniporina. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 6 (31), 87–92.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938009458895
d’Hondt, J.-L. (1974) Bryozoaires récoltés par la “Thalassa” dans le Golfe de Gascogne (Campagnes de 1968 à 1972). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 15, 27–50.
d’Hondt, J.-L. (1983) Tabular keys for identification of the Recent Ctenostomatous Bryozoa. Memoires de l’Institut Océanographique, 14, 1–134.
Jullien, J. (1882) Dragages du «Travailleur», Bryozoaires. Espèces draguées dans l’Océan Atlantique en 1881. Espèces nouvelles ou incomplètement décrites. Extrait du Bulletin de la Société zoologique de France, 7, 497–529.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.27178
Kukliński, P. & Barnes, D.K. (2005) Microhabitat diversity of Svalbard Bryozoa. Journal of Natural History, 39 (7), 539–554.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930400001350
Kukliński, P. & Taylor, P.D. (2008) Arctic species of the cheilostome bryozoan Microporella, with a redescription of the type species. Journal of Natural History, 42, 1893–1906.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930802126904
Lagaaij, R. (1952) The Pliocene Bryozoa of the Low Countries and their bearing on the marine stratigraphy of the North Sea region. Mededelingen van de Geologische Stichting, 5, 6–233.
Lamouroux, J.V.F. (1816) Histoire des polypiers Coralligènes Flexibles, vulgairement nommés Zoophytes. F. Poisson, Caen, 559 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11172
Lamouroux, J.V.F. (1821) Exposition méthodique des genres de l’ordre des polypiers, avec leur description et celles des principales espèces figurées dans 84 planches; les 63 premiers appartenant a l’histoire naturelle des zoophytes d’Ellis et Solander. V. Agasse, Paris, 115 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11328
León, R., Somoza, L., Medialdea, T., González, F.J., Díaz del Río, V., Fernández-Puga, M.C., Maestro, A. & Mata, M.P. (2007) Sea-floor features related to hydrocarbon seeps in deepwater carbonate-mud mounds of the Gulf of Cádiz: from mud flows to carbonate precipitates. Geo-Marine Letters, 27 (2–4), 237–247.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-007-0074-2
León, R., Somoza, L., Medialdea, T., Vázquez, J., González, F., López-González, N., Casas, D., Mata, M.P., Fernández-Puga, M., Giménez-Moreno, C. & Díaz del Río, V. (2012) New discoveries of mud volcanoes on the Moroccan Atlantic continental margin (Gulf of Cádiz): morpho-structural characterization. Geo-Marine Letters, 32 (5–6), 473–488.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00367-012-0275-1
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Systemae naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differetiis, synonymis, locis Regnum Animale. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 532 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.158187
Lombardi, C., Taylor, P.D. & Cocito, S. (2014) Bryozoan constructions in a changing Mediterranean Sea. In: Goffredo, S. & Dubinsky, Z. (Eds.), The Mediterranean Sea. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 373–384.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6704-1_21
López de la Cuadra, C.M. & García-Gomez, J.C. (1994) Zoogeographical study of the Cheilostomatida from the Straits of Gibraltar. In: Hayward, P.J., Ryland, J.S. & Taylor, P.D. (Eds.), Biology and Palaeobiology of Bryozoans. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg, pp. 107–112.
López de la Cuadra, C.M. & García-Gómez, J.C. (2001) New and little-known ascophoran bryozoans from the Western Mediterranean, collected by ‘Fauna Ibérica’ expeditions. Journal of Natural History, 35, 1717–1732.
https://doi.org/10.1080/002229301317092414
Lozano, P., Rueda, J.L., Gallardo-Núñez, M., Urra, C.F.J., Vila, Y., López-González, N., Palomino, D., Sánchez-Guillamón, O., Vázquez, J.T. & Fernández-Salas, L.M. (2020) Chapter 52—Habitat distribution and associated biota in different geomorphic features within a fluid venting area of the Gulf of Cádiz (Southwestern Iberian Peninsula, Northeast Atlantic Ocean). In: Harris, P.T. & Baker, E. (Eds.), Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat. 2nd Edition. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp. 847–861.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-814960-7.00052-X
MacGillivray, P.H. (1895) A monograph of the Tertiary Polyzoa of Victoria. Transactions of the Royal Society of Victoria, 4, 1–166.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6076
Machín, F., Pelegri, J.L., Marrero-Díaz, A., Laiz, A. & Ratsimandresy, A.W. (2006) Near-surface circulation in the southern Gulf of Cádiz. Deep-Sea Research, 11 (53), 1161–1181.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2006.04.001
Madurell, T., Zabala, M., Dominguez-Carrió, C. & Gili, J.M. (2013) Bryozoan faunal composition and community structure from the continental shelf off Cap de Creus (Northwestern Mediterranean). Journal of Sea Research, 83, 123–136.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2013.04.013
Manzoni, A. (1870) Bryozoi fossili Italiani. Terza contribuzione. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Abt. 1, 60, 930–944.
Meneghini, G. (1844) Polipidella famiglia dei Tubuliporiani finora osservati nell’Adriatico. Nuovi Annali delle Scienze Naturali, 3, 115–133.
McKinney, F.K. & Jackson, J.B.C. (1989) Bryozoan Evolution. Studies in Paleobiology. Unwin Hyman, Boston, 238 pp.
Norman, A. (1867) Report of the committee appointed for the purpose of exploring the coasts of the Hebrides by means of the dredge. Part 2. On the Crustacea, Echinodermata, Polyzoa, Actinozoa and Hydrozoa. Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science London, 1866, 193–206.
Norman, A. (1903) Notes on the natural history of East Finmark, Polyzoa. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 7, 12 (67), 87–128.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930308678831
Osburn, R.C. (1927) The Bryozoa of Curacao. Bijdr Dierkunde, 25, 123–132.
https://doi.org/10.1163/26660644-02501005
Pallas, P.S. (1766). Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generum adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones, cum selectis auctorum synonymis. Fransiscum Varrentrapp, Hagae. 451 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6595
Palomino, D., López-González, N., Vázquez, J.T., Fernández-Salas, L.M., Rueda, J.L., Sánchez-Leal, R. & Díaz del Río, V. (2016) Multidisciplinary study of mud volcanoes and diapirs and their relationship to seepages and bottom currents in the Gulf of Cádiz continental slope (northeastern sector). Marine Geology, 378, 196–212.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2015.10.001
Prenant, M. & Bobin, G. (1966) Bryozoaires. deuxieme Partie. Chilostomes Anasca. 647 pp.
Ramalho, L.V. (2016) Filo Bryozoa ou Ectoprocta. In: Fransozo, A. & Fransozo, M.L. (Eds.), Zoologia dos Invertebrados. Roca, Rio de Janeiro, pp. 219–239.
Ramalho, L.V., López-Fé, C.M. & Rueda, J.L. (2018a) Three species of Reteporella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) in a diapiric and mud volcano field of the Gulf of Cádiz, with the description of Reteporella victori n. sp. Zootaxa, 4375 (1), 90–104.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4375.1.4
Ramalho, L.V., Taylor, P.D., Moraes, F.C., Moura, R., Amado-Filho, G.M. & Bastos, A.C. (2018b) Bryozoan framework composition in the oddly shaped reefs from Abrolhos Bank, Brazil, southwestern Atlantic: taxonomy and ecology. Zootaxa, 4483 (1), 155–186. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4483.1.6
Reuss, A.E. (1848) Die fossilen Polyparien des Wiener Tertiärbeckens. Haidingers Naturwissenschaftlichen Abhandlungen, 2, 1–109.
Reverter-Gil, O. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (1996) Some species of Schizomavella (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) from the Atlanto-Mediterranean Region. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 36, 259–275.
Reverter-Gil, O. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (1999) Some records of Bryozoans from NW Spain. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 40, 35–45.
Reverter-Gil, O. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (2001) Inventario y cartografía de los Briozoos marinos de Galicia (N.O. de España). Monografías de Nova Acta Cientiìfica Compostelana, Serie Bioloxía, 1, 1–243.
Reverter-Gil, O. & Souto, J. (2019) Watersiporidae (Bryozoa) in Iberian waters: an update on alien and native species. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 2735–2752.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-01003-4
Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (2011) Revision of the genus Crepis Jullien (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of a new genus and family and notes on Chlidoniidae. Zootaxa, 2993 (10), 1–22.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2993.1.1
Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (2014) Annotated checklist of Recent marine Bryozoa from continental Portugal. Nova Acta Cientifica Compostelana, Serie Bioloxia, 21, 1–55.
Reverter-Gil, O., Berning, B. & Souto, J. (2015) Diversity and Systematics of Schizomavella Species (Bryozoa: Bitectiporidae) from the Bathyal NE Atlantic. PLoS ONE, 10, e0139084.
http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139084
Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. & Trigo, J.E. (2019a) New species and new records of bryozoans from Galicia (NW Spain). Journal of Natural History, 53 (3–4), 221–251.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2019.1582815
Reverter-Gil, O., Souto, J. & Trigo, J.E. (2019b) Novos datos de Briozoos en Galicia (NW España). New data on Galician Bryozoa (NW Spain). Nova Acta Científica Compostelana, Serie Bioloxía, 26, 1–36.
Rodrigues, C.F., Hilário, A. & Cunha, M.R. (2013) Chemosymbiotic species from the Gulf of Cádiz (NE Atlantic): distribution, life styles and nutritional patterns. Biogeosciences, 10, 2569–2581.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-2569-2013
Rosso, A. & Di Martino, E. (2016) Bryozoan diversity in the Mediterranean Sea: an update. Mediterranean Marine Science, 17 (2), 567–607.
https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.1706
Rosso, A. & Di Martino, E. & Gerovasileiou, V. (2020) Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa, 4728 (4), 401–442.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4728.4.1
Rueda, J.L., Díaz del Río, V., Sayago-Gil, M., López-González, N., Fernández-Salas, L.M. & Vázquez, J.T. (2012) Fluid venting through the seabed in the Gulf of Cádiz (SE Atlantic Ocean, Western Iberian Peninsula): geomorphic features, habitats, and associated fauna. In: Harris, P.T. & Baker, E. (Eds.), Seafloor Geomorphology as Benthic Habitat. Elsevier, London, pp. 831–841.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385140-6.00061-X
Rueda, J.L., González-García, E., Krutzky, C., López-Rodríguez, F.J., Bruque-Carmona, G., López-González, N., Palomino, D., Sánchez-Leal, R.F., Vázquez, J.T., Fernández-Salas, L.M. & Díaz del Río Español, V. (2016) From chemosynthesis-based communities to cold-water corals: vulnerable deep-sea habitats of the Gulf of Cádiz. Marine Biodiversity, 46, 473–482.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-015-0366-0
Rueda, J.L., Urra, J., Aguilar, R., Angeletti, L., Bo, M., García-Ruiz, C., González-Duarte, M.M., López, E., Madurell, T., Maldonado, M., Mateo-Ramírez, A., Megina, C., Moreira, R., Moya, F., Ramalho, L.V., Rosso, A., Sitjà, C. & Taviani, M. (2019) Cold-Water Coral Associated Fauna in the Mediterranean Sea and Adjacent Areas. In: Orejas, C. & Jimenez, C. (Eds.), Mediterranean Cold-Water Corals: Past, Present and Future—Understanding the Deep-Sea Realms of Coral. Coral Reefs of the World, 9, pp. 295–334.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91608-8_29
Ryland, J.S. (1970) Bryozoans. Hutchinson University Library, London, 175 pp.
Sánchez-Leal, R.F., Bellanco, M.J., Fernández-Salas, L.M., García-Lafuente, J., Gasser-Rubinat, M., González-Pola, C., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Pelegrí, J.L., Peliz, A., Relvas, P., Roque, D., Ruiz-Villarreal, M., Sammartino, S. & Sánchez-Garrido, J.C. (2017) The Mediterranean Overflow in the Gulf of Cadiz: A rugged journey. Science Advances, 3 (11), eaao0609.
https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aao0609
Schneider, C.A., Rasband, W.S. & Eliceiri, K.W. (2012) NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis. Nature Methods, 9, 671–675.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2089
Sitjà, C., Maldonado, M., Farias, C. & Rueda, J.L. (2019) Deep-water sponge fauna from the mud volcanoes of the Gulf of Cadiz (North Atlantic, Spain). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 99 (4), 807–831.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315418000589
Smitt, F.A. (1867) Kritisk förteckning öfver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. II. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, 23, 395–534.
Smitt, F.A. (1868) Bryozoa marina in regionibus arcticis et borealibus viventia recensuit. Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps- Akademiens Förhandlingar, 24, 443–487.
Somoza, L., Díaz del Río, V., León, R., Ivanov, M., Fernández-Puga, M.C., Gardner, J.M., Hernández-Molina, F.J., Pinheiro, L.M., Rodero, J., Lobato, A., Maestro, A., Vázquez, J.T., Medialdea, T. & Fernández-Salas, L.M. (2003) Seabed morphology and hydrocarbon seepage in the Gulf of Cadiz mud volcano area: Acoustic imagery, multibeam and ultra-high resolution seismic data. Marine Geology, 195 (1–4), 153–176.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00686-2
Soule, J.D. (1953) Ectoprocta, Ctenostomata. In: Osburn, R.C. (Ed.), Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 3. Cyclostomata, University of Southern California Press, Los Angeles, pp. 726–755.
Souto, J., Berning, B. & Ostrovsky, A.N. (2016) Systematics and diversity of deep-water Cheilostomata (Bryozoa) from Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic). Zootaxa, 4067 (4), 401–459.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4067.4.1
Souto, J., Reverter-Gil, O., De Blauwe, H. & Fernández-Pulpeiro, E. (2014) New records of bryozoans from Portugal. Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 55, 129–150.
Tilbrook, K.J. (1998) The species of Antropora Norman, 1903 (Bryozoa: Cheilostomatida), with the description of a new genus in the Calloporoidea. Records of the South Australian Museum, 31, 25–49.
Vanreusel, A., Andersen, A.C., Boetius, A., Connelly, D., Cunha, M.R., Decker, C., Heeschen, K., Hilario, A., Kormas, K.A., Maigniem, L., Olu, K., Pachiadaki, M., Ritt, B., Rodrigues, C., Sarrazin, J., Tyler, P.A., Van Gaever, S. & Vanneste, H. (2009) Biodiversity of cold seep ecosystems along the European margins. Oceanography, 22 (1), 118–135.
https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.12
Vigneaux, M. (1949) Révision des Bryozoaires néogènes du Bassin d’Aquitaine et essai de classification. Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France, 28, 1–153.
Wood, A.C.L., Probert, P.K., Rowden, A.A. & Smith, A.M. (2012) Complex habitat generated by marine bryozoans: a review of its distribution, structure, diversity, threats and conservation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 22, 547–563.
https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2236
Zabala, M. & Maluquer, P. (1988) Illustrated keys for the classification of Mediterranean Bryozoa. Treballs del Museu de Zoologia de Barcelona, 4, 1–294.