Abstract
A systematic revision of Plochionocerus Dejean, 1833 and Agrodes Nordmann, 1837 (Staphylinidae: Xantholinini) is conducted. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, the genus Agrodes, which includes A. conicicollis and A. elegans, and appears as the sister taxon to Plochionocerus, is revalidated. The genus Renda was found to be the sister taxon of Agrodes plus Plochionocerus. Plochionocerus leprieuri is transferred to Renda (comb. nov.). Plochionocerus (sensu stricto) is a monophyletic genus supported by six synapomorphies, but relationships of its species are not resolved because of the high proportion of homoplastic characters. Keys to the genera Renda, Plochionocerus and Agrodes, and to the species of the two latter genera are provided. Plochionocerus and Agrodes stat. rev. are redescribed, and diagnoses for their species are given. Eight new species of Plochionocerus are described: P. ashei, P. gracilis, P. hermani, P. modestus, P. newtonorum, P. pronotalis, P. reticularis and P. transversalis. Based on the study of type specimens, 17 new synonymies are proposed for species of Plochionocerus and Agrodes: Plochionocerus fulgens (Fabricius, 1793) = P. violaceus (Olivier, 1795) syn. n., = P. amazonicus (Sharp, 1876) syn. n., = P. carinatus (Bernhauer, 1916) syn. n., = P. auripennis (Bernhauer, 1927) syn. n.; P. janthinus (Erichson, 1847) = P. peruvianus (Bernhauer, 1907) syn. n.; P. simplicicollis (Waterhouse, 1879) = P. basalis (Sharp, 1885) syn. n., = P. mandibularis (Sharp, 1885) syn. n., = P. pollens (Sharp, 1885) syn. n., = P. nordmanni (Fauvel, 1901) syn. n.; P. discedens (Sharp, 1885) = P. nevermanni (Bernhauer, 1942) syn. n.; P. humeralis (Sharp, 1885) = P. kayseri (Bernhauer, 1927) syn. n.; P. puncticeps (Sharp, 1885) = P. lautus (Casey, 1906) syn. n.; P. impressipennis (Sharp, 1891) = P. punctipennis (Bernhauer, 1916) syn. n.; P. igneus (Fauvel, 1901) = P. magnificus (Bernhauer, 1911) syn. n.; Agrodes elegans Nordmann, 1837 = P. longicornis (Sharp, 1885) syn. n., = P. melancholicus (Schubert, 1911) syn. n.; A. conicicollis Sharp, 1876 = P. longiceps (Sharp, 1876) syn. n. Lectotypes are designated for P. humeralis, P. impressipennis and P. simplicicollis. Biological and distributional information is given, and 24 first country records are reported.References
Agassiz, L. (1847) Nomenclatoris zoologici index universalis, continens nomina systematica classium, ordinum, familiarium et generum animalium omnium, tam viventium quam fossilium, secundum ordinem alphabeticum unicum disposita, adjectis homonymiis plantarum, nec non variis adnotationibus et emendationibus. Jent et Gassmann, Soloduri, 393 pp.
Asiain, J. (2005) Revisión de las especies de México y América Central del género Plochionocerus Dejean, 1833 (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Tesis Profesional, Maestría en Recursos Bióticos, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México, 152 pp.
Asiain, J. (2006) A new species of Plochionocerus (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Xantholinini) from Costa Rica, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Entomological News, 117(4), 406–412.
Bernhauer, M. (1907) Neue Staphyliniden aus Südamerica. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 26, 281–289.
Bernhauer, M. (1911) Zur Staphyliniden fauna von Sud-Amerika (Col.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitchrift, 1911, 403–422.
Bernhauer, M. (1916) Neue Staphyliniden aus Südamerica. Wiener Entomologische Zeitung, 35, 173–188.
Bernhauer, M. (1927) Beitrag zur Staphylindenfauna Sudamerikas insbesondere Braziliens. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana, 5(2) [1926], 152–169.
Bernhauer, M. (1942) Neue Staphyliniden aus Kostarica. Zoologister Anzeiger, 138, 1–27.
Bernhauer, M. & Schubert, K. (1914) Staphylinidae IV. Coleopterorum Catalogus, 5(57), 289–408.
Blackwelder, R.E. (1944) Checklist of the Coleopterous insects of Mexico, Central America, the West Indies, and South America. Part 1. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 185, 1–188.
Blackwelder, R. (1952) The generic names of the beetle family Staphylinidae, with an essay on genotypy. Bulletin of the United States National Museum, 200, 1–483.
Blanchard, C.E. (1842) [New species] In: Brullé, A. (Ed.), Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale…par Alcide d’Orbigny…Insectes Coléoptères. P. Bertrand, Paris, 6(2), pp. 57–88.
Brullé, A. (1842) Voyage dans l’Amérique méridionale... par Alcide d’Orbigny... Insectes Coléopteres. P. Bertrand, Paris, 6(2), pp. 57–88. [Note: Date and pages are from Horn and Schenkling, 1928:145]
Casey, T.L. (1906) Observations on the staphylinid groups Aleocharinae and Xantholinini, chiefly of America. Transactions of the Academy of Sciences of St. Louis, 16(6), 125–434.
Chevrolat, L. (1848) Sterculia. In: Orbigny, C. D. (Ed.), Dictionnaire Universel d’ Histoire Naturelle. MM. Renard, Martinet et C., Paris, 12, pp. 23–24.
Dejean, P.F.M.A. (1833) Catalogue des Coléoptères de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Mequignon-Marris Père et Fils, Paris, pp. 64–65.
Duponchel, P.A.J. & Chevrolat, L.A.A. (1842) In: Orbigny, C. D. (Ed.), Dictionnaire Universel d'Histoire Naturelle, C. Renard, Paris, 2, pp. 1–795.
Duvivier, A. (1883) Énumération des staphylinides décrits depuis la publication du catalogue de M. M. Gemminger et de Harold. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 27, 91–215.
Erichson, W.F. (1839) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, 1–400 pp.
Erichson, W.F. (1840) Genera et species Staphylinorum insectorum coleopterorum familiae. F. H. Morin, Berlin, 401–954 pp.
Erichson, W.F. (1847) Conspectus Insectorum Coleopterorum, quae in Republica Peruana observata sunt. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 13(1), 67–185.
Fabricius, J.C. (1793) Entomologiae Systematicae emendatae et auctae. Secundum classes, ordines, genera, especies adjectis synonimis, locis, observationibus, descriptionibus. Christ. Gottl. Prott., Hafniae, 1(2), 538 pp.
Fauvel, A. (1891) Voyage de M. E. Simon au Vénézuela (Décembre 1887-Avril 1888). 11e Mémoire. Revue d’Entomologie, 10, 87–127.
Fauvel, A. (1901) Sterculia fulgens et ignea. Revue d’Entomomologie, 20, 251–252.
Gemminger, H. & Harold, E. von (1868) Catalogus Coleopterorum hucusque descriptorum synonymicus et systematicus. E. H. Grummi, Monachii, 2, 425–752 + 6 pp.
Goloboff, P.A. (1993) Nona, version 2.0. Published by the author, Tucumán, Argentina.
Gravenhorst, J.L.C. (1806) Monographia Coleopterorum Micropterorum. Henricus Dieterich, Gottingae, 248 pp.
Herman, L. (2001) Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the end of the second millennium. VI. Staphylinine Group (Part 3). Staphylininae: Staphylinini (Quediina, Staphylinina, Tanygnathinina, Xanthopygina), Xantholinini. Staphylinidae Incerta Sedis Fossils, Protactinae. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 265, 3021–3840.
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) (1996) Xantholinini Erichson, 1839 and Quediini Kraatz, [1857] (Insecta, Coleoptera): given precedence over some senior synonyms; Quedius Stephens 1829: Staphylinus levicollis Brullé, 1832 designated as the type species. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 53(3), 215–217.
Lacordaire, J.L. (1854) Histoire naturelle des insectes. Genera des coléoptères ou exposé méthodique et critique de tous les genres proposés justqu’ici dans cet ordre d’insectes. Tome deuxième. Libraire Encyclopédique de Roret, Paris, 548 pp.
Laporte, F.L. (Castelnau) (1835) Études entomologiques, ou description d’insectes nouveaux, et observations sur leur synonymie. Duméril, Paris, 159 pp.
Laporte, F.L. (Castelnau) (1840) Histoire naturelle des insectes coléoptères. Duménil, Paris, cxxv + 324 pp.
Navarrete-Heredia, J.L., Newton, A., Thayer, M.K., Ashe, J.S. & Chandler, D.S. (2002) Guía ilustrada para los géneros de Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) de México. Illustrated guide to the genera of Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) of México. Universidad de Guadalajara y Conabio, México, 401 pp.
Newton, A.F. Jr. (1995) Xantholinini Erichson, 1839 and Quediini Kraatz, 1857 (Insecta, Coleoptera): proposed precedence over senior synonym, and Quedious Stephens, 1829: proposed designation of Staphylinus levicollis Brullé, 1832 as the type species. The Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature, 52(1), 48–53.
Nixon, K. (2000) WinClada ver. 0.9.99. Published by the author, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
Nordmann, A. (1837) Symbolae ad monographiam staphylinorum. Mémoires présentés à l’Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg par divers savans, et lus dans ses assemblées, 4, 1–167, Tab. 1–2.
Olivier, A.G. (1795) Entomologie ou Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, avec leurs caracteres generiques et specifiques, leur description, leur synonymie. Et leur figure enluminée. Coléoptéres. Tome troisieme. Lanneau, Paris, 35–65 pp.
Scheerpeltz, O. (1933) Staphylinidae VII. In: Schenkling, S. (Ed.). Coleopterorum Catalogus. Junk, Berlin, 6(129), pp. 989–1500.
Schubert, K. (1911) Neue exotische Staphyliniden. (Col.) Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1911: 1–39.
Sharp, D. (1876) Contribution to an insect fauna of the Amazon Valley. Coleoptera-Staphylinidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London, 1876, 27–424.
Sharp, D. (1885) Biologia Centrali-Americana, Insecta, Coleoptera, Staphylinidae. 1(2). Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 393–395.
Sharp, D. (1891) Coleoptera (continued). In: Whymper, E. (Ed.), Supplementary appendix to travels amongs the Great Andes of the Equador. J. Murray, London, pp. 40–44.
Waterhouse, C.O. (1879) Descriptions of new Coleoptera from Medellin, Colombia, recently added to the British Museum Collection. Cistula Entomologica, 2, 421–429.