Abstract
Samples collected from Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina revealed the presence of specimens of the genus Franciscideres Dal Zotto et al., 2013, previously known only from Brazil. This morphotype seems to differ from the only known species, Franciscideres kalenesos Dal Zotto et al., 2013, in the following characters: (1) presence of ventrolateral tubes on segment 1, (2) introvert features, (3) each segment composed of a closed cuticular ring, (4) trunk cuticle ornamented by a secondary fringe of knob-like structures, (5) posterior margin of segment 10 ventrally terminating in two lateral and one broad triangular lobes, (6) posterior margin of segment 11 centrally terminating in four lobes (7) lateral terminal spines armed with thorn-like processes, (8) pores/sensory spots/gland cells distribution and (9) sexual dimorphism in segments 10 and 11. Because of the lack of full information about F. kalenesos from Brazil, we consider the new exemplars as Franciscideres cf. kalenesos. Additionally, we provide new information about the movement of this species using light microscopy and we compare these movements with those of other meiofaunal inhabitants.
References
Altenburger, A., Rho, H.S., Chang, C.Y. & Sørensen, M.V. (2015) Zelinkaderes yong sp. nov. from Korea—the first recording of Zelinkaderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) in Asia. Zoological Studies, 54 (25), 1–13.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40555-014-0103-6
Bauer-Nebelsick, M. (1995) Zelinkaderes klepali sp. n., from shallow waters sands of the Red Sea (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Zelinkaderidae). Annalen des Nathistorischen Museums Wien, 97B, 57–74.
Bolton, S.J., Bauchan, G.R., Ochoa, R., Pooley, C. & Klompen, H. (2015) The role of the integument with respect to different modes of locomotion in the Nematalycidae (Endeostigmata). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 65 (2), 149–161. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-014-9857-0
Caló, J.E., Fernández, E.M. & Aldacour, H.E. (1995) Caracterización ambiental de la playa de Pehuen‑Có en base a procesos oceanográficos y atmosféricos. Su importancia en el manejo costero. Jornadas de Geología y Medio Ambiente, Río Cuarto, 1995, Resúmenes, 223–236.
Caló, J.E., Fernández, E., Marcos, A. & Aldacour, H. (2005) Observaciones litorales ambientales de olas, corrientes y vientos de la playa de Monte Hermoso entre 1996 y 1999. Geoacta, 30, 27–38.
Dal Zotto, M., Di Domenico, M., Garrafoni, A. & Sørensen, M.V. (2013) Franciscideres gen. nov.—a new, highly aberrant kinorhynch genus from Brazil, with an analysis of its phylogenetic position. Systematics and Biodiversity, 11, 303–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772000.2013.819045
Delamare-Deboutteville, C. (1957) Sur la présence des Echinodères de la famille des Cateriidae Gerlach dans les eaux souterraines littorales de l’Angola. Publiçacoes Culturais da Companhia de Diamantes de Angola, 34, 33–37.
Fiori, S. (2002) Ecología de las poblaciones de almeja amarilla (Mesodesma mactroides) en el extremo austral de distribución de la especie. PhD Thesis, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, 138 pp.
Gerlach, S.A. (1956) Über einen aberranten Vertreter der Kinorhynchen aus dem Küstengrundwasser. Kieler Meeresforschungen, 12 (1), 120–124.
Giere, O. (2009) Meiobenthology. The microscopic motile fauna of aquatic sediments. 2nd edition. Springer, Berlin, 527 pp.
Herranz, M., Di Domenico, M., Sørensen, M.V. & Leander, B.S. (2019) The enigmatic kinorhynch Cateria styx Gerlach, 1956—A sticky son of a beach. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 282, 10–30.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.016
Higgins, R.P. (1968) Taxonomy and postembryonic development of the Cryptorhagae, a new suborder for the mesopsammic kinorhynch Cateria. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 87 (1), 21–39.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3224334
Higgins, R.P. (1990) Zelinkaderidae, a new family of cyclorhagid Kinorhyncha. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 500, 1–26.
https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.500
Lang, K. (1949) Echinoderida. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901–1934, 1949, 1–22.
Lang, K. (1953) 9. Echinoderida. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948–1949. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift, Neue Folge, Avd. 2, 49 (4), 3–8.
Lopes Mello, C. (2017) Padrão de distribuição espacial do gênero aberrante Franciscideres (Kinorhyncha) em praias arenosas no sul do Brasil. Bachelor’s degree in Oceanography Thesis, Federal University of Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, 35 pp.
Lopes Mello, C., Carvalho, A.L., Cabral de Faria, L., Baldoni, L. & Di Domenico, M. (2019) Spatial distribution pattern of the aberrant Franciscideres kalenesos (Kinorhyncha) on sandy beaches of Southern Brazil. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 282, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.008
Martorelli, S. & Higgins, R.P. (2004) Kinorhyncha from the stomach of the shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) from Comodoro Rivadavia, Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 243, 85–98.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2004.07.003
Miloslavich, P., Klein, E., Díaz, J.M., Hernández, C.E., Bigatti, G., Campos, L., Artigas, F., Castillo, J., Penchaszadeh, P.E., Neill, P.E., Carranza, A., Retana, M.V., Díaz de Astarloa, J.M., Lewis, M., Yorio, P., Piriz, M.L., Rodríguez, D., Yoneshigue-Valentin, Y., Gamboa, L. & Martín, A. (2011) Marine biodiversity in the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of South America: knowledge and gaps. PloS ONE, 6 (1), e14631.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014631
Haupt, J. & Coineau, Y. (1999) Ultrastructure and functional morphology of a nematalycid mite (Acari: Actinotrichida: Endostigmata: Nematalycidae): adaptations to mesopsammal life. Acta Zoologica, 80, 97–111.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6395.1999.80220002.x
Neuhaus, B. (2013) 5. Kinorhyncha (= Echinodera). In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Vol. 1. Nematomorpha, Priapulida, Kinorhyncha, Loricifera. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 181–348.
Neuhaus, B. (2017) Redescription of Tubulideres seminoli Sørensen et al., 2007 and notes on Wollunquaderes majkenae Sørensen and Thormar, 2010 (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida): morphology, postembryonic, life cycle and new characters. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 270, 123–154.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2017.09.004
Neuhaus, B. & Higgins, R.P. (2002) Ultrastructure, biology, and phylogenetic relationships of Kinorhyncha. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42 (3), 619–632.
https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/42.3.619
Neuhaus, B. & Kegel, A. (2015) Redescription of Cateria gerlachi (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from Sri Lanka and of C. styx from Brazil, with notes on C. gerlachi from India and C. styx from Chile, and the ground pattern of the genus. Zootaxa, 2965 (1), 1–77.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3965.1.1
Neuhaus, B., Schmid, T. & Riedel, J. (2017) Collection management and study of microscope slides: Storage, profiling, deterioration, restoration procedures, and general recommendations. Zootaxa, 4322 (1), 1–173.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4322.1.1
Neuhaus, B. & Sørensen, M.V. (2013) Populations of Campyloderes sp. (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida): One global species with significant morphological variation? Zoologischer Anzeiger, 252, 48–75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2012.03.002
Neuhaus, B., Dal Zotto, M., Yamasaki, H. & Higgins, R.P. (2019) Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov. Zootaxa, 4561(1), 1–91.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4561.1.1
Neuhaus, B., Pardos, F., Sørensen, M.V. & Higgins, R.P. (2014) New species of Centroderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, life cycle, and ground pattern of the genus. Zootaxa, 3901 (1), 1–69.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3901.1.1
Pallares, R. (1966) Nota sobre Echinoderes pilosus Lang, 1949 (Aschelminthes, Kinorhyncha). Physis Revista de la Asociacion Argentina de Ciencias naturales, 26, 101–106.
Rundell, R.J. & Leander, B.S. (2010) Masters of miniaturization: convergent evolution among interstitial eukaryotes. Bioessays, 32 (5), 430–437.
https://doi.org/10.1002/bies.200900116
Sánchez, N., Sørensen, M.V. & Landers, S.C. (2019) Pycnophyidae (Kinorhyncha: Allomalorhagida) from the Gulf of Mexico: Fujuriphyes viserioni sp. nov. and a redescription of Leiocanthus langi (Higgins, 1964), with notes on its intraspecific variation. Marine Biodiversity, 49, 1857–1875.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-019-00947‑x
Spalding, M.D., Fox, H.E., Allen, G.R., Davidson, N., Ferdaña, Z.A., Finlayson, M., Halpern, B.S., Jorge, M.A., Lombana, A., Lourie, S.A., Martin, K.D., McManus, E., Molnar, J., Recchia, C.A. & Robertson, J. (2007) Marine ecoregions of the world: a bioregionalization of coastal and shelf areas. BioScience, 57 (7), 573–583.
https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
Sørensen, M.V. & Pardos, F. (2008) Kinorhynch systematics and biology—an introduction to the study of kinorhynchs, inclusive identification keys to the genera. Meiofauna Marina, 16, 21–73.
Sørensen, M.V., Heiner, I., Ziemer, O. & Neuhaus, B. (2007) Tubulideres seminoli gen. et sp. nov. and Zelinkaderes brightae sp. nov. (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from Florida. Helgoland Marine Research, 61, 247–265.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10152-007-0073-8
Yamasaki, H. (2016) Two new Echinoderes species (Echinoderidae, Cyclorhagida) from Nha Trang, Vietnam. Zoological Studies, 55, 32, 1–35.
Yamasaki, H. (2017) Chapter 21. Diversity of Kinorhyncha in Japan and phylogenetic relationships of the phylum. In: Motokawa M, Kajihara, H (Eds.), Species diversity of animals in Japan. Diversity and commonality in animals. Springer, Tokyo, pp. 543–563.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-56432-4_21
Yamasaki, H. (2019) Gracilideres mawatarii, a new genus and species of Franciscideridae (Allomalorhagida: Kinorhyncha)—a kinorhynch with thin body cuticle, adapted to the interstitial environment. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 282, 176–188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.010
Yamasaki, H. & Dal Zotto, M. (2019) Investigation of echinoderid kinorhynchs described 90 years ago: redescription of Echinoderes capitatus (Zelinka, 1928) and Echinoderes ferrugineus Zelinka, 1928. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 282, 189–205.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2019.05.013