Abstract
The family of non-biting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) represent one of the most common and abundant group in freshwaters, inhabiting a wide variety of habitats and ecological niches. Although there is a long tradition of limnological research in Croatia, to date no extensive species list has been made for this insect family. Thus, we summarized the results of our research and reviewed published data on chironomid fauna of Croatia in various freshwater habitat types, including extreme ones, such as caves, peatbogs or marine littoral. A total of 239 species were recorded representing five subfamilies: Chironominae (125 species) Orthocladiinae (83 species), Tanypodinae (23 species), Diamesinae (6 species) and Prodiamesinae (2 species). The most frequent species were Cricotopus bicinctus, Dicrotendipes nervosus, Synorthocladius semivirens, each found in more than 20% of the studied localities. Ablabesmyia monilis and Procladius choreus represented the most frequent Tanypodinae species, recorded in more than 12% and 17% of the sites, respectively. The research of chironomid ecology, diversity and distribution continues, which will provide new data and information, but this first comprehensive checklist provides a good starting point for those studying Chironomidae or other freshwater Diptera, in Croatia and Europe.
References
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https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.9
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0_18
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https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0715-0_1
Čerba, D., Mihaljević, Z. & Vidaković, J. (2010) Colonisation of temporary macrophyte substratum by midges (Chironomidae: Diptera). Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology, 46 (3), 181–190.
https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2010015
Čerba, D., Mihaljević, Z. & Vidaković, J. (2011) Colonisation trends, community and trophic structure of chironomid larvae (Chironomidae: Diptera) in a temporal phytophylous assemblage. Fundamental and Applied Limnology, 179 (3), 203–214.
https://doi.org/10.1127/1863-9135/2011/0179-0203
de Silva, H.G. & Medellín, R.A. (2001) Evaluating completeness of species lists for conservation and macroecology: a case study of Mexican land birds. Conservation Biology, 15 (5), 1384–1395.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2001.00177.x
Dévai, G. (1990) Ecological background and importance of the change of chironomid fauna in shallow Lake Balaton. Hydrobiologia, 191 (1), 189–198.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00026052
Dorić, V., Koh, M. & Mihaljević, Z. (2020) First record of species Nubensia nubens (Edwards, 1929) (Diptera: Chironomidae) from Croatia. Natura Croatica. [in press]
Droege, S., Cyr, A. & Larivée, J. (1998) Checklists: An under-used tool for the inventory and monitoring of plants and animals. Conservation Biology, 12 (5), 1134–1138.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96402.x
Dunn, E.H., Larivée, J. & Cyr, A. (1996) Can checklist programs be used to monitor populations of birds recorded during the migration season? The Wilson Bulletin, 108 (3), 540–549.
Đuknić, J., Jovanović, V.M., Popović, N., Živić, I., Raković, M., Čerba, D. & Paunović, M. (2019) Phylogeography of Simulium subgenus Wilhelmia (Diptera: Simuliidae) - insights from Balkan populations. Journal of medical entomology, 56 (4), 967–978.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjz034
Ergović, V. (2016) Biodiversity of Non-Biting Midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) in Croatia. Master thesis, Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Osijek, 66 pp. [in Croatian]
Giłka, W., Zakrzewska, M., Baranov, V.A. & Dominiak, P. (2013) Diagnostic clues for identification of selected species of the Micropsectra atrofasciata group, with description of M. uva sp. nov. from Croatia (Diptera: Chironomidae: Tanytarsini). Zootaxa, 3702 (3), 288–294.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3702.3.6
Griffiths, H.I., Kryštufek, B. & Reed, J.M. (2004) Balkan Biodiversity Pattern and Process in the European Hotspot. Springer, Dordrecht, 358 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-2854-0
Hamerlík, L. & Brodersen, K.P. (2010) Non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) from fountains of two European cities: micro-scale island biogeography. Aquatic Insects, 32 (1), 67–79.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01650420903397645
Helson, J.E., Williams, D.D. & Turner, D. (2006) Larval Chironomid community organization in four tropical rivers: Human impacts and longitudinal zonation. Hydrobiologia, 559 (1), 413–431.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-0977-8
Illies, J. (1978) Limnofauna Europaea. A Checklist of the Animals Inhabiting European Inland Waters, with Account of Their Distribution and Ecology. G. Fischer, Stuttgart and Swets & Zeitinger, Amsterdam, 532 pp.
Ivković, M., Miliša, M., Baranov, V. & Mihaljević, Z. (2015) Environmental drivers of biotic traits and phenology patterns of Diptera assemblages in karst springs: The role of canopy uncovered. Limnologica, 54, 44–57.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.limno.2015.09.001
Kerovec, M., Tavčar, V., Bukvić, I. & Mihaljević, Z. (1997) Chironomidae; Distribution; Delta of the River Neretva. In: Hoffrichter, O. (Ed.), 13th International Symposium on Chironomidae. Albert-Ludwigs-Universitat, Freiburg, 61 pp.
Koh, M. (2016) The Structure and Dynamics of the Non-Biting Midge Community (Chironomidae, Diptera) in the River Dobra Basin. Master thesis, Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Osijek, 46 pp. [in Croatian]
Kostić-Brnek, Lj. & Brnek-Kostić, A. (1971) Nekoliko značajnih vrsta u hironomidnoj fauni Plitvičkh jezera (Diptera, Chironomidae). Zbornik referata sa 1. simpozijuma sistematičara Jugoslavije, Sarajevo, 185 pp. [in Croatian]
Kresonja, M. (2018) Urban Aquatic Habitats, Neglected Sources of Biodiversity—Comparison of Chironomid Communities (Chironomidae, Diptera) in Fountains, Artificial Lakes and the River Drava. Master thesis, Department of Biology, University of Osijek, Osijek, 69 pp. [in Croatian]
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