Abstract
To stabilise nomenclature in its prevailing usage, the authors designate three lectotypes, respectively for the nominal taxa Pontia daplidice race nitida Verity, 1908 (Museo di Storia naturale della Università di Firenze, sezione di Zoologia, ‘La Specola’ MZUF), for Euchloe crameri Butler, 1869 (Natural History Museum UK, NHMUK) and for Euchloe ausonia var. esperi Kirby, 1871 (National Museum of Ireland, NMI). They also designate two neotypes, respectively for [Papilio] ausonia Hübner, [1804] (MZUF) and for Pontia simplonia Freyer, 1829 (Jura Museum, Eichstätt, JME).
References
Back, W. (1979) Zur Biologie der europäischen und nord west afrikanischen Populationen von Euchloe ausonia Hübner 1804 (Lep. Pieridae). Atalanta, 10 (3), 225–243, figs 1–12.
Back, W., Knebelsberger, T. & Miller, M.A. (2008) Molekularbiologische Untersuchungen und Systematik der palaearktischen Arten von Euchloe Hübner, [1819] (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, Stuttgart, 118 (4), 151–169.
Back, W., Miller, M.A. & Opler, O.A. (2011) Genetic, phenetic, and distributional relationships of Nearctic Euchloe (Pieridae, Pierinae, Anthocharidini). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society, 65 (1), 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.18473/lepi.v65i1.a1
Balletto, E., Cassulo, L.A. & Bonelli, S. (2014) An annotated Checklist of the Italian Butterflies and Skippers (Papilionoidea, Hesperiioidea). Zootaxa, 3853 (1), 1–114.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3853.1.1
Beirne, B.P. (1985) Irish entomology: the first hundred years. Irish Naturalists’ Journal, 21 (Special Entomological Supplement), 1–40.
Bernardi, G. (1945) Etudes sur le genre Euchloë Hb. (Lep. Pieridae). Miscellanea entomologica; Revue entomologique internationale, 42 (6), 66–103, pls. IV–VI.
Bernardi, G. (1947) La nomenclature de quelques formes européennes de l’Euchloë ausonia Hb. (= belia Auct.). Miscellanea entomologica; Revue entomologique internationale, 44 (1), 1–24.
Boisduval, J.[B.]A. ([1828]–1829) Europaeorum Lepidopterorum Index Methodicus. Méquignon-Marvis, Paris, 103 pp.
Boisduval, [J.B.A.] (1832–[1841]) Icones historique [sic] des Lépidoptères nouveau ou peu connus. Collection, avec figures coloriées, des Papillons d’Europe nouvellement découverts. Ouvrage formant le complément de tous les auteurs iconographes. Vol. 1. Roret, Paris, 251 pp., 47 pls.
Borkhausen, Supplement Theil 1 M.B. (1788) Naturgeschichte der Europäischen Schmetterlinge nach systematischer Ordnung. Barrentrapp und Werner, Frankfurt, xxxvi + 288 + [1] pp., 1 pl.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.152319
Butler, A.G. (1869) Descriptions of species of Lepidoptera, confounded with others described by Linnaeus and Fabricius. The Entomologist’s monthly Magazine, 5, 270–273.
Chainey, J.E. (2005) The species of Papilionidae and Pieridae (Lepidoptera) described by Cramer and Stoll and their putative type material in the Natural History Museum in London. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 145 (3), 283–337.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00184.x
Dapporto, L., Cini, A., Vodă, R., Dincă, V., Wiemers, M., Menchetti, M., Magini, G., Talavera, G., Shreeve, TG., Bonelli, S., Casacci, L. P., Balletto, E., Scalercio, S. & Vila, R (2019) Integrating three comprehensive data sets shows that mitochondrial DNA variation is linked to species traits and paleogeographic events in European butterflies. Molecular Ecology Resources, 19:1623–1636.
Emmet, A.M. & Heath, J. (Eds.) (1990) The butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Vol. 7. Pt 1. Harley Books, Colchester, 370 pp., 24 pls.
Esper, A.J.C. (1776–[1830]) Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen (1776–79). Theil 1. Tagschmetterlinge & Supplement Theil 1 & 2. W. Walthers, Erlangen, 388 pp., pls. 1–50. (1780–86, Forsetzung [continuation]), 190 pp., pls. 51–93. (1789–[1804]) & 120 pp., pls. 94–116 (1805–[1830]); 48 pp., pls. 117–126.
Forster, W. & Wohlfart, T.A. (1954–1955) Die Schmetterlinge Mitteleuropas. (1954). Bd. I. Biologie der Schmetterlinge & Bd. II. Tagfalter: Diurna (Rhopalocera u. Hesperiidae). Franckh‘sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart, xii + 202 pp. & [viii] + 126 pp., 28 pls.
Freyer, C.F. (1829) Beiträge zur Geschichte der europäischer Schmetterlinge, mit Abbildungen nach der Natur. 2 Band. Bei Verfasser Lit H., in Commission bei den I. Wolff’schen Buchhandlung, Augsburg, 166 pp., pls. 49–96.
García-Barros, E., Munguira, M.L., Stefanescu, C. & Vives Moreno, A. (2013) Lepidoptera Papilionoidea. In: Fauna Iberica. Vol. 37. Museo nacional de Ciencias naturales y Consejo superior de Investigaciones cientificas, Madrid, pp. 1–1213, 147 pls.
Geiger, H.J., Descimon, H. & Scholl, A. (1988) Evidence for speciation within nominal Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758) in southern Europe (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 11 (1), 7–20.
Geiger, H.J. & Scholl, A. (1982a) Enzyme electrophoretic approach to the systematics and evolution of the butterfly Euchloe ausonia. Experientia, 38, 927–928.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01953657
Geiger, H.J. & Scholl, A. (1982b) Pontia daplidice (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in Südeuropa—eine Gruppe von zwei Arten. Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 55, 107–114.
Hemming, F.A. (1931) New material regarding the dates of the plates of the Papiliones in Jacob Hübner’s “Sammlung europäischer Schmetterlinge”, with notes on the synonymy and type localities of certain species described therein. Transactions of the entomological Society of London, 79 (3), 493–504.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1931.tb00713.x
Hemming, A.F. (1937) Hübner. A bibliographical and systematic account of the entomological works of Jacob Hübner and of the supplements thereto by Carl Geyer, Gottfried Franz von Frolich and Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich–Schäffer. Vol. 1 & 2. Royal entomological Society, London, xxxiv + 605 pp. & 274 pp.
Heppner, J.B. (1981) The dates of E.L.C. Esper ‘ s” Die Schmetterlinge in Abbildungen…” 1776–[1830]. Archives of natural History, 10 (2), 251–254.
https://doi.org/10.3366/anh.1981.10.2.251
Hesselbarth, G., van Oorschot, H. & Wagener, S. (1995) Die Tagfalter der Türkei. 3 Vols. Wagener, Bocholt, 2001 pp. [pp. 1–754 + 755–1154 + 1–847]
Higgins, L.G. (1934) A note on the dates of Hübner’s plates. The Entomologist, 67, 224–226.
Higgins, L.G. (1975) The classification of European butterflies. Collins, London, 320 pp., 60 pls.
Higgins, L.G. (1980) Nomenclature of the dappled whites (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Entomologist’s Gazette, 31 (4), 246.
Higgins, L.G. & Riley, N.D. (1970) A field guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. 1st Edition. Collins, London, 380 pp., 60 pls.
Higgins, L.G. & Riley, N.D. (1973) A field guide to the Butterflies of Britain and Europe. 2nd Edition. Collins, London, 384 pp., 61 pls.
Horn, W., Kahle, I., Friese, G. & Gaedicke, R. (1990) Collectiones entomologicae. Ein Kompendium über den Verbleib entomologischer Sammlungen der Welt bis 1960. Vols. 1–2. Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften der DDR, Berlin, 53 pp. 128 figs., 38 pls. [pp. 1–220, 1 fig. & pp. 221–573, 38 pls., 127 figs.]
Hübner, J. (1796–[1838]) Sammlung Europäischer Schmetterlinge. Vol. 1. Lepidoptera Papiliones. Errichtet von Jacob Hübner in Augsburg, 207 pp. (Tafeln, 1805–1807) + [iv] + [iv] + 194 pp. [Text].
ICZN (1939) Opinion 134. On the method to be adopted in interpreting the generic names assigned by Freyer to species described in his Neuere Beiträge zur Schmetterlingskunde, 1833–1858. Opinions rendered by the International Commission on zoological nomenclature, 2 (1), 1–6.
ICZN (1946) Opinion 177. On the type of the genus Euchloë Hübner, [1819] (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), a genus based upon an erroneously determined species. Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on zoological nomenclature, 2 (47), 533–544.
ICZN (1954a) Direction 4. Addition to the Official Lists and Official Indexes of certain scientific names and of the titles of certain books dealt with in Opinions 134–160, exclusive of Opinion 149. Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on zoological nomenclature, 2 (54), 629–652.
ICZN (1954b) Opinion 270. Addition to the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology of the names of five nominal genera of butterflies (Class Insecta, Order Lepidoptera), originally established with misidentified type species, for which type species in harmony with accustomed usage were designated under the Plenary Powers in 1935. Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on zoological nomenclature, 6 (2), 25–40.
ICZN (1999) (and later updates) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Available from: http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted-sites/iczn/code/ (accessed 5 March 2020)
John, E., Wiemers, M., Makris, C. & Russell, P. (2013) The Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)/Pontia edusa (Fabricius, 1777) complex (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): confirmation of the presence of Pontia daplidice in Cyprus, and of Cleome iberica DC. as a new host plant for this species in the Levant. Entomologist’s Gazette, 64 (2), 69–78.
Kirby, W.F. (1871) A synonymic catalogue of diurnal Lepidoptera. John van Voorst, London, viii + 883 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11905
Kudrna, O. (1983) An annotated catalogue of the butterflies named by Roger Verity. The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, 21, 1–105.
Linnaeus, C. (1767) Caroli Linnaei Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. 1 (2). 12th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 795 pp. [pp. 533–1327 + xxxvii (Index, Appendix)]
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.157601
Oberthür, C. (1909) Notes pour servir à établir la faune française et algérienne des Lépidoptères. Études de Lépidoptérologie comparée, 3, 101–404.
Oberthür, C. (1914) Anthocharis crameri Butler. Études de Lépidoptérologie comparée, 10, 51–61. [texted]
Ochsenheimer, F. (1808) Die Schmetterlinge von Europa. 1 (2). G. Fleischer der Jünger, Leipzig, xxx + 240 + [1] pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.50612
Pfeuffer, E. (2000) Zur Schmetterlingssammlung von Christian Friedrich Freyer (1794–1855) im Jura—Museum Eichstätt. Archaeopteryx, 18, 67–73.
Pfeuffer, E. (2003) Von der Natur fasziniert ... Frühe Augsburger Naturforscher und ihre Bilder. Wissner Verlag, Augsburg, 192 pp.
Pfeuffer, E. (2006) Christian Friedrich Freyers Bedeutung als Lepidopterologe am Beispiel seiner Lycaeniden. Berichte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins für Schwaben, 110, 1–21.
Porter, A.H., Wenger, R., Geiger, H., Scholl, A. & Shapiro, A.M. (1997) The Pontia daplidice–edusa hybrid zone in northwestern Italy. Evolution, 51 (5), 1561–1573.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2411208
Rothschild, W. (1914) A preliminary account of the Lepidopteran Fauna of Guelt-es-Stel, Central Algeria, Novitates Zoologicae, 21, 301–305.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.16331
Spuler, A. (1908) Die Schmetterlinge Europas. I. Band. 385 pp. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart.
Staudinger, O. (1901) Erster Theil: Famil. Papilionidae—Hepialidae. In: Staudinger, O. & Rebel, H., Catalog der Lepidopteren des Palaearktischen Faunengebietes. Dritte Auflage. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin, pp. i–xxxii + 1–411.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.120482
Stoll, C. (1780–1782) De Uitlandsche Kapellen voorkomende in de drie Waereld-Deelen Asia, Africa en America. Chez S. J. Baalde, Amsteldam, 162 + 29 pp. [pp. 91–164, pls. CCCXXXVII–CCCLXXII (1782), pp. 165–252, pls. CCCLXXIII–CCCC, + pp. 1–29, entitled: „Proeve van eene Rangschikkinge der Donsvleugelige Insecten Lepidopterae. Welker Afbeeldingen in de vier Deelen von dit Werk zyn te vinden. Door Caspar Stoll”].
Tolman, T. & Lewington, R. (1997) Butterflies of Britain and Europe. Collins, London, 384 pp.
Tshikolovets, V.V. (2011) Butterflies of Europe & the Mediterranean area. V. Tshikolovets, Pardubice, 544 pp.
Verity, R. (1905–1911) Rhopalocera Palaearctica, Iconographie et description des Papillons diurnes de la région paléarctique. Vol. 1 & 2. R. Verity, Firenze, lxxxvi + 368 pp., 72 pls.
Verity, R. (1923) The nomenclature of the European Euchloe ausonia, Hb. (= belia, Auct. nec L.). Entomologist’s Record and Journal of Variation, 35 (11), 169–171.
Verity, R. (1947) Le Farfalle diurne d’Italia. Vol. 3. Divisione Papilionida, Sezione Papilionina, Famiglie Papilionidae e Pieridae. Marzocco, Firenze, xvi + 381 pp., pls. 20–37 + x–xiv.
Wagener, S. (1988) What are the valid names for the two genetically different taxa currently included within Pontia daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)? (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Nota lepidopterologica, 11 (1), 21–38.
Wiemers, M., Balletto, E., Dincă, V., Fric, Z.F., Lamas, G., Lukhtanov, V., Munguira, M.L., van Swaay, C.A.M., Vila, R., Vliegenthart, A., Wahlberg, N. & Verovnik, R. (2018) An updated checklist of the European Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea). ZooKeys, 811, 9–45.