Abstract
A list of all valid 6,206 extant and 296 fossil species of Ceratopogonidae described worldwide is provided, along with all their synonyms. A full citation and the country of origin of the type is given, with some larger countries also providing a more specific state or province. For the first time, worldwide, nomina dubia are identified. Numbers of species of each genus and subgenus are listed. Within subfamilies and tribes, genera are listed alphabetically. Five species have newly recognized authors, four have new names and 28 new combinations are recognized, with these listed in a table. A commentary on the state of the systematics in the family and particularly of Culicoides Latreille is given. The museums of the world are listed with the types of various authors of Ceratopogonidae species indicated. Authors providing regional catalogs, as well as summation of various collections are tabulated. The rate of description since 1758 indicates a steady progression of description, with, for example, 1,231 valid species described since the compilation of the world species by Borkent & Wirth (1997), till the end of 2018. The diversity in each Region is compared and the numbers of species shared between adjacent Regions presented.
References
Adams, C.F. (1903) Dipterological contributions. University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 2, 21–47.
Almeida, J.F., Farias, E.S., Alencar, R.B. & Pessoa, F.A.C. 2017. Description of two new species of Palpomyia Meigen (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. EntomoBrasilis, 10, 118–122.
https://doi.org/10.12741/ebrasilis.v10i2.607
Alwin-Kownacka, A., Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. (2016a) Biting midges of the subfamily Forcipomyiinae (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 4173(4), 351–378.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4173.4.2
Alwin-Kownacka, A., Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. (2016b) Biting midges of the tribe Ceratopogonini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 4079 (5), 551–572.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4079.5.3
Alwin-Kownacka, A., Szadziewski, R. & Szwedo, J. (2017) Predatory midges of the tribes Palpomyiini and Sphaeromiini (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Middle East, with keys and descriptions of new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 318, 1–30.
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2017.318
Amosova, I.S. (1957) Some new or little known Culicoides Latr. (Diptera, Heleidae) from Ussuri Land [in Russian, English summary]. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 36, 233–247.
Ander, M., Troell, K. & Chirico, J. (2013) Barcoding of biting midges in the genus Culicoides: a tool for species determination. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27, 323–331.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01050.x
Arakawa, S. (1910) On a new injurious ”insect” (Ceratopogon arakanae Mats) [in Japanese]. Konchu-Sekai, 14, 411–414.
Arnaud, P. (1956a) The heleid genus Culicoides in Japan, Korea and Ryukyu Islands (Insecta: Diptera). Microentomology, 21, 84–207. (Nov. 15).
Arnaud, P. (1956b) Culicoides goetghebueri, nomen novum for Culicoides setiger Goetghebuer. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 58, 94.
Arnaud, P. (1979) A catalog of the types of Diptera in the collection of the California Academy of Sciences. Myia 1, v + 505 pp.
Arnaud, P.H. & Arnaud, M.M. (1997) Taxonomic names published in the insect order Diptera by Willis Wagner Wirth (1916–1994), from 1947 through 1995, with type depositories of holotypes. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington, 18, 8–57 (1996).
Arnaud, P. & Wirth, W.W. (1964) A name list of the world Culicoides, 1956–1962 (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 66, 19–32.
Arnett, R.H. & Samuelson, G.A. (1986) The insect and spider collections of the world. E. J. Brill / Florida: Flora and Fauna Publications, Gainesville, Florida, 220 pp.
Arnold, M. & Jarry, D. (1956) Une espèce nouvelle de cératopogonide: Forcipomyia hutteli n. sp. (Dipt. Heleidae). Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France, 61, 136–139.
Ashe, P., O’Connor, J.P. & Chandler P. J. (2012) A Revised Checklist of the Biting Midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Ireland. Bulletin of the Irish Biogeographical Society No. 36, 190–231.
Ashe, P. & Spies, M. (2011) A chronological bibliography, with dates of publication, of J. J. Kieffer’s works on Chironomidae (Diptera). Pp 3–14. In: Wang, X. & Liu, W. (eds), Contemporary Chironomid Studies Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Chironomidae (July 6–9, 2009 Nankai University, China). Nankai University Press, 412 pp, 18 plates.
Ataev, K. (1976) A new species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Turkmenistan [in Russian, English summary]. Izvestiia Akademiia Nauk Turkmensk SSR, 3, 79–81.
Atchley, W.R. (1967) The Culicoides of New Mexico (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 46, 937–1022.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20082
Atchley, W.R. (1970) A biosystematic study of the subgenus Selfia of Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin, 49, 181–336.
Atchley, W.R. & Wirth, W.W. (1975) Two new western Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) which are vectors of filaria in the California valley quail. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 53, 1421–1423.
https://doi.org/10.1139/z75-171
Atchley, W.R. & Wirth, W.W. (1979) A review of the Culicoides haematopotus group in North America (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 52, 524–545.
Atchley, W.R., Wirth, W.W., Gaskins, C.T. & Strauss, S.L. (1981) A bibliography and keyword index of the biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). United States Department of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, Bibliographies and Literature of Agriculture, 13, iv + 544 pp.
Augot, D., Ninio, C., Akhoundi, M., Lehrter, V., Couloux, A., Jouet, D. & Depaquit, J. (2013a) Characterization of two cryptic species, Culicoides stigma and C. parroti (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), based on barcode regions and morphology. Journal of Vector Ecology, 38, 260–265.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1948-7134.2013.12039.x
Augot, D., Randrianambinintsoa, F.J., Gasser, A. & Depaquit, J. (2013b) Record of two species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) new for Madagascar and molecular study showing the paraphylies of the subgenus Oecacta and the Schultzei group. Bulletin de la Societe de Pathologie Exotique, 106, 201–205.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-013-0302-4
Augot, D., Mathieu, B., Hadj-Henni, L., Barriel, V., Mena, S.Z., Smolis, S., Slama, D., Randrianambinintsoa, F.J., Trueba, G., Kaltenbach, M., Rahola N. and Depaquit, J. (2017) Molecular phylogeny of 42 species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from three continents. Parasite, 24, 23.
https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2017020
Austen, E.E. (1909) New African phlebotomic Diptera in the British Museum (Natural History). - Part VI. Annals and Magazine of Natural History Ser. 8, 3, 280–284. [Received at BMNH March 2].
https://doi.org/10.1080/00222930908692577
Austen, E.E. (1912) Notes on African blood-sucking midges (Family Chironomidae, subfamily Ceratopogoninae), with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 3, 99–108, pl. 1.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300001747
Austen, E.E. (1921) A contribution to knowledge of the blood-sucking Diptera, other than Tabanidae. Bulletin of Entomological Research, 12, 107–124.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007485300044941
Bakhoum, M.T., Fall, M., Fall, A.G., Bellis, G.A., Gottlieb, Y., Labuschagne, K., Venter, G.J., Diop, M., Mall, I., Seck, M.T., Allene, X., Diarra, M., Gardes, L., Bouyer, J., Delécolle, J.-C., Balenghien, T. & Garros, C. (2013) First record of Culicoides oxystoma Kieffer and diversity of species within the Schultzei Group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) Biting Midges in Senegal. PLOS ONE, 8 (12), 84316.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084316
Bakhoum, M.T., Sarr, M., Fall, A.G., Huber, K., Fall, M., Sembène, M., Seck, M.T., Labuschagne, K., Gardès, L., Ciss, M., Gimonneau, G., Bouyer, J., Baldet T. and Garros, C. (2018) DNA barcoding and molecular identification of field-collected Culicoides larvae in the Niayes area of Senegal. Parasites & Vectors, 11, 615.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-018-3176-y
Bangerter, H. (1933) Mücken-Metamorphosen V. Konowia, 12, 248–259.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01757745
Barbosa, F.A.S. (1943) Descricao de ”Culicoides recifensis” n. sp. e do macho de ”Culicoides reticulatus” Lutz (Diptera, Chironomidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 3, 261–264.
Barbosa, F.A.S. (1947) Culicoides (Diptera: Heleidae) da regiao neotropica. Annais da Sociedade de Biologia de Pernambuco, 7, 3–30. (Nov.).
Barbosa, F.A.S. (1951) A change of specific name in the genus Culicoides (Diptera, Heleidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 53, 163.
Barbosa, F.A.S. (1952) Novos subsidios para o conhecimento dos Culicoides neotropicos (Diptera: Heleidae). Thesis, Universidade do Recife, Recife: Imprensa Industrial, 21 pp.
Barbosa, F.A.S. (1953) Novos subsidios para o conhecimento dos Culicoides neotropicos (Diptera: Heleidae). Publicacoes Avulsas do Instituto Aggeu Magalhaes, 2, 11–41.
Barretto, M.P. (1944) Sobre o género Culicoides Latreille, 1809, com a descricao de trés novas espécies (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Annais da Faculdade de Medicina (da Universidade) de São Paulo, 20, 89–105, pls. 1–4.
Battle, F.V. & Turner, E.C. (1971) The Insects of Virginia: no. 3. A systematic review of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Virginia with a geographic catalog of the species occurring in the eastern United States north of Florida. Virginia Polytechnical Institute State University Research Division Bulletin, 44, 1–129.
Beck, E.C. (1951) A new Culicoides from Florida (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Florida Entomologist, 34, 135–136.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3492442
Beck, E.C. (1956) A new species of Culicoides from Florida with additional distribution data for the genus (Diptera: Heleidae). Florida Entomologist, 39, 133–138.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3492428
Beck, E.C. (1957) Two new species of Culicoides from Florida (Diptera: Heleidae). Florida Entomologist, 40, 103–105.
https://doi.org/10.2307/3492509
Becker, T. (1903) Ägyptische Dipteren. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, 2, 67–195.
https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnz.4830020301
Becker, T. (1908) Dipteren der Kanarischen Inseln. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum, 4, 1–180.
Becker, T. (1909) Culicoides habereri n. sp. Eine blutsaugenden Mücke aus Kamerun. Jahreshefte des Vereins für vaterlandische Naturkunde in Württemberg, 65, 289–294, pls. 8–9. [Received at BMNH July 28].
Bellis, G. & Dyce, A. (2011) Marksomyia, a new subgenus of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian biogeographic region with descriptions of two new species. Zootaxa, 3014, 35–58.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3014.1.3
Bellis, G., Dyce, A., Gopurenko, D. & Mitchell, A. (2013) Revision of the Immaculatus Group of Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian Region with description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3680, 15–37.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3680.1.4
Bellis, G., Dyce, A., Gopurenko, D., Yanase, T., Garros, C., Labuschagne, K. & Mitchell, A. (2014) Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian Region. Zootaxa, 3768, 401–427.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.1
Bellis, G.A., Halling, L. & Anderson, S.J. (2015) Pictorial key to adult female Culicoides Latreille, 1809 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Northern Territory, Western Australia and South Australia. Austral Entomology, 54, 28–59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/aen.12099
Bezzi, M. (1916) Studies in Philippine Diptera, II. Bureau of Science, Manila, Publication, 10, 59 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.22023
Bezzi, M. (1917) Studies in Philippine Diptera, II. Philippine Journal of Science (D), 12, 107–161.
Bigot, J.M.F. (1857) Essai d’une classification générale et synoptique de l’ordre des insectes diptères. Tribu des Asilidi (mihi). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France, (3) 5, 517–564.
Blech, H. & Rohlfien, K. (1987) Katalog der in den Saammlungen der Abteilung Taxonomie der Insekten des Institutes für Pflanzenschutzforschung, Bereich Eberswalde (ehemals Deutsches Entomologisches Institut), aufbewahrten Typen - XXV (Diptera: Nematocera). Beitrage zur Entomologie, 37, 203–258.
Boesel, M.W. (1937) Order Diptera. Family Chironomidae. In: Carpenter, F.M., Folsom, J.W., Essig, E.O., Kinsey, A.C., Brues, C.T., Boesel, M.W. & Ewing, H.E. (Eds). Insects and arachnids from Canadian amber. University of Toronto Studies, Geological Series, 40, 44–55 pp.
Boesel, M.W. (1948) Holoconops in the western Lake Erie region (Diptera: Heleidae). Ohio Journal of Science, 48, 69–72.
Boesel, M.W. (1973) The genus Atrichopogon (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) in Ohio and neighboring States. Ohio Journal of Science, 73, 202–215.
Boorman, J. (1976) Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from southern England: new records, a new species and notes on two species of doubtful British status. Entomologist’s Gazette, 27, 99–105.
Boorman, J. (1979) Notes on some Culicoides (Dipt., Ceratopogonidae) from east Africa, including a new species. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 114, 67–70.
Boorman, J. (1984) A new species of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Britain, with notes on synonymy. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 120, 163–165.
Boorman, J. (1987) A name list of World Austroconops, Leptoconops and Forcipomyia (subgenera Lasiohelea and Dacnoforcipomyia) to 1985 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Cahiers ORSTOM, Série Entomologie Médicale et Parasitologie, numéro spécial 1987, 53–62.
Boorman, J. (1988) New species and new records of Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Lesbos and Rhodes, Greece. Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 63, 152–159.
https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/1988632152
Boorman, J. (1989) Culicoides (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) of the Arabian Peninsula with notes on their medical and veterinary importance. Fauna of Saudi Arabia, 10, 160–224.
Boorman, J. (1990) Two new Forcipomyia (Lasiohelea) sp. (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Oman. Journal of Oman Studies, 10, 125–130.
Boorman, J. (1997a) Two species of Ceratopogonidae (Dipt.) new to Britain. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 133, 173–174.
Please view full reference list in PDF