Skip to main content Skip to main navigation menu Skip to site footer
Responsive image
Issue: Vol. 4857 No. 1: 28 Sept. 2020
Type: Article
Published: 2020-09-28
DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4857.1.11
Page range: 215–250
Abstract views: 137
PDF downloaded: 9

Ontogenetic and morphological studies on Tetranychus canadensis (Acari:
Tetranychidae)

Guizhou Institute of Biology, Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550009, P.R. China (IBAS).
Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China (GUGC), and The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China (APML).
Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Maryland, 20705, USA
Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit (ECMU), Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Maryland, 20705, USA
Systematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), Beltsville Agricultural Research Centre (BARC), Maryland, 20705, USA.
Acari spider mite T. polys group supracoxal setae adoral setae confocal scanning LT-SEM

Abstract

Tetranychus canadensis (McGregor) is redescribed based on type specimens and American non-type specimens. The ontogenetic development of leg chaetotaxy is provided, which is the typical additional pattern for Tetranychus. The variation of pregenital striae and shape of aedeagi are discussed.  Low temperature scanning electron microscopic photos show the supracoxal setae on palpfemur (ep) and leg coxae I (el) are eupathidia; lateral and ventral lips bear modified leaf-like adoral setae (or2 and or3) and the dorsal lips bearing a pair of spine-like dorsal adoral setae (or1); dorsal seta on tibia I (db) is a trichobothrium with a cup-shaped base and broken striae on the inner integument. Confocal scanning shows a thin, long ejaculatory duct and a thicker duct connecting the aedeagus to a cup-shaped seminal vesicle; the aedeagus is hollow where the ejaculatory duct passes through.

 

References

  1. Alberti, G. & Storch, V. (1976) Ultrastructural investigations on the male genital tract and sperms of Tetranychus urticae (Tetranychidae, Acari). Zoomorphologie, 83, 283–296.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993514

    Alberti, G. & Coons, L.B. (1999) Acari: mites. In: Harrison, F.W. & Foelix, R.F. (Eds.), Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates, Vol. 8C: Chelicerate Arthropoda. Wiley Liss, New York, pp. 515–1215.

    Blauvelt, W.E. (1945) The internal morphology of the common red spider mite (Tetranychus telarius Linn.) Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station Memoir, 270, 1–41.

    Baker, E.W. & Pritchard, A.E. (1953) A Guide to the spider mites of cotton. Hilgardia, 22, 203–234.

    https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v22n07p203

    Baker, E.W. & Tuttle, D.M. (1994) A guide to the spider mites (Tetranychidae) of the United States. Indira Publishing House, Michigan, USA, 347 pp.

    Beard, J.J. (2008) A new species of spider mite, Oligonychus palus sp. nov. (Prostigmata:Tetranychidae), from tropical Australia. Australian Journal of Entomology, 47, 102–106.

    https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2008.00635.x

    Beard, J.J. & Walter, D.E. (2010) New spider mite genus (Prostigmata: Tetranychidae) from Australia & New Zealand, with a discussion of Yezonychus Ehara. Zootaxa, 2578, 1–24.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2578.1.1

    Beard, J.J., Ochoa, R., Bauchan, G.R., Welbourn, W.C., Pooley, C. & Dowling, A.P.G. (2012) External mouthpart morphology in the Tenuipalpidae (Tetranychoidea): Raoiella a case study. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57 (3–4), 227–255.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-012-9540-2

    Bolland, H.R., Gutierrez, J. & Flechtmann, C.H.W. (1998) World catalogue of the spider mite family (Acari: Tetranychidae). Leiden, Brill Academic Publishers, 392 pp.

    Chetverikov, P.H. (2015) Confocal microscopy reveals uniform male reproductive anatomy in eriophyoid mites (Acariformes, Eriophyoidea) including spermatophore pump and paired vasa deferentia. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 66 (4), 555–574.

    https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-015-9924-1

    Gulbronson, C.J., Mowery, J., Pooley, C., Ochoa, R., Bolton, S. & Bauchan G. (2018) Three-dimensional printing of agriculturally important mites generated from confocal microscopy. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 24 (Suppl. 1), 1360–1361.

    https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927618007286

    Gutierrez, J. & Helle, W. (1985) 1.1.5 Evolutionary changes in the Tetranychidae. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M.W. (Eds.), Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A. Amsterdam, Elsevier. pp. 91–107.

    Hislop, R.G. & Jeppson, L.R. (1976) Morphology of the Mouthparts of Several Species of Phytophagous Mites. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 69 (6), 1125–1135.

    https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/69.6.1125

    Jeppson, L.R., Keifer, H.H. & Baker, E.W. (1975) Mites injurious to economic plants. Berkeley, University of California Press, xxiv + 614 pp.

    Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O. (2017) New spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) of the genera Paraplonobia and Eurytetranychus from Iran, and a description of all life stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein). Acarologia, 57 (3), 465–491.

    https://doi.org/10.24349/aarologia/20174167.

    Khanjani, M., Khanjani, M. & Seeman, O.D. (2018) The spider mites of the genus Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Iran. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 23 (2), 223–288.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.2.4

    Li, J., Jin, D.-C. & Yi, T.-C. (2017) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus metasequoiae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22 (9), 1495–1520.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.9.14

    Li, J., Yi, T.-C., Guo, J.-J. &Jin, D.-C. (2018a) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Oligonychus pratensis (Banks, 1912) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 4486 (3), 349–375.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4486.3.7

    Li, J., Yi, T.-C., Guo, J.-J. & Jin, D.-C. (2018b) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Eotetranychus kankitus (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 132–157.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.10

    Lindquist, E.E. (1985) 1.1.1 External anatomy. In: Helle, W. & Sabelis, M.W. (Eds.), Spider mites. Their biology, natural enemies and control. Vol. A. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp. 3–28.

    Liu, J.-F. & Zhang, Z.-Q. (2018) A survey of descriptions of immature instars of mites during the last three years. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 211–224.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.13

    Mahdavi, S.M., Latifi, M. & Asadi, M. (2018) A new species of Petrobia (Mesotetranychus) (Acari: Tetranychidae) from Ephedra sp. (Ephedraceae) in Iran. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23 (6), 1148–1154.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.6.10

    Matsubara, T., Ohta, Y. & Ehara, S. (1992) Fine Structure of Female and Male Internal Reproductive Organs in a Spider Mite Tetranychina harti (Ewing) (Acari:Tetranychidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 27 (1), 65–78.

    https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.27.65

    McGregor, E.A. (1950) Mites of the family Tetranychidae. American Midland Naturalist, 44, 257–420.

    https://doi.org/10.2307/2421963

    Meyer, M.K.P. (1987) African Tetranychidae (Acari: Prostigmata) – with reference to the world genera. Entomology Memoir, Department of Agriculture and Water Supply, Republic of South Africa, 69, i–iv+1–175.

    Migeon, A. & Dorkeld, F. (2020) Spider Mites Web: a comprehensive database for the Tetranychidae. Available from: http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/spmweb (accessed 26 August 2020)

    Pritchard, A.E. & Baker, E.W. (1952) A guide to the spider mites of deciduous fruit trees. Hilgardia, 21, 253–287.

    https://doi.org/10.3733/hilg.v21n09p253

    Pritchard, A.E. & Baker, E.W. (1955) A revision of the spider mite family Tetranychidae. Memoirs Series, San Francisco, Pacific Coast Entomological Society, 2, 472 pp.

    https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.150852

    Razaq, A., Ohbayashi, N. & Shiraishi, M. (2000) Scanning Electron Microscopic Observations on the Mouthparts of Panonychus citri (McGregor) (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Agistemus terminalis (Quayle) (Acari: Stigmaeidae) on Satsuma Mandarin. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 35 (1), 189–198.

    https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.2000.189

    Saito, Y., Mori, K. & Chittenden, A.R. (1999) Body characters reflecting the body size of spider mites in flattened specimens (Acari, Tetranychidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 34 (3), 383–386.

    https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.34.383

    Seeman, O.D. & Beard, J.J. (2011) Identification of exotic pest and Australian native and naturalised species of Tetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 2961, 1–72.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2961.1.1

    Seeman, O.D., Beard, J.J. & Zhang, L. (2017) A new Australian species of Eotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from buck spinifex Triodia mitchelli (Poaceae), intraspecific variation in Eotetranychus, and the synonymy of Platytetranychus with Eotetranychus. Zootaxa, 4324 (3), 491–517.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4324.3.5

    Summer, F.M., Gonzalez, R.H. & Witt, R.L. (1973) The mouthparts of Bryobia rubrioculus (Sch.) (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington Entomological Society of Washington, 75, 96–111.

    Tuttle, D.M. & Baker, E.W. (1964) The spider mites of Arizona (Acarina: Tetranychidae). Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Arizona, Technical Bulletin, 158, 1–41.

    Tuttle, D.M. & Baker, E.W. (1968) Spider mites of southwestern United States and a revision of the family Tetranychidae. The University of Arizona Press: Tucson, USA, 143 pp.

    Yi, T.-C. & Zhang, Z.-Q. (2013) A new species of the genus Sonotetranychus (Acari: Tetranychidae) from New Zealand. Zootaxa, 3721 (4), 334–350.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.4.2

    Yi, T.-C. & Zhang, Z.-Q. (2017) A new species of Sonotetranychus (Acariformes: Tetranychidae) from China. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22 (9), 1378–1384.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.9.5

    Yi, T.-C. & Ochoa, R. (2018) Revision of Bryobiella Tuttle & Baker (Acari, Tetranychidae), with ontogenetic development and redescription of B. desertorum. Zootaxa, 4540 (1), 93–131.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4540.1.9

    Yi, T.-C., Fan, Q.-H. & Zhang, Z.-Q. (2013) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Tribolonychus collyerae (Acari: Tetranychidae). Zootaxa, 3721 (4), 301–333.

    https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3721.4.1

    Yi, T.-C., Liu, M., Guo, J.-J. & Jin, D.-C. (2017) Ontogenetic development and redescription of Eotetranychus xuzhouensis (Wang and Ma 1987) comb. nov. (Acari: Tetranychidae). Systematic and Applied Acarology, 22 (1), 58–73.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.22.1.7

    Tuttle, D.M., Baker, E.W. & Abbatiello, M. (1976) Spider mites of Mexico (Acarina: Tetranychidae). International Journal of Acarology, 2, 1–102.

    https://doi.org/10.1080/01647957608683760

    Zhang, Z.-Q. (2018) Repositories for mite and tick specimens: acronyms and their nomenclature. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 23, 2432–2446.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.23.12.12

    Zhang, Z.-Q. & Jacobson, R. (2000) Using adult female morphological characters for differentiating Tetranychus urticae complex (Acari: Tetranychidae) from greenhouse tomato crops in UK. Systematic & Applied Acarology, 5, 69–76.

    https://doi.org/10.11158/saa.5.1.9