Abstract
The current work presents the description of five new cricket species for the genus Phalangopsis Serville, 1831 found in Brazilian caves in the Amazonas, Mato Grosso and Pará states, northern Brazil. The morphology of the phallic complex was used as the main criterion for distinguishing the species. In addition, we present data on the natural history and ecology of the new species as well as hypothesis about the variations of tegmina size in relation to the subterranean lifestyle for the genus. Finally, we provide a pictorial key based on adult males for the Phalangopsis species.
References
Auler, A.S., Rubbioli, E., Menin, D. & Brandi, R. (2019) Histórico, ocorrência e potencial de cavernas no Brasil. In: Auler, A.S., Rubbioli, E., Menin, D. & Brandi, R. (Eds.), Cavernas. Atlas do Brasil Subterrâneo. Editora IABS, Brasília, pp. 14-51.
CECAV (2019) Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cavernas/Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade e Conservação (CECAV/ICMBIO). Áreas de Ocorrência de Cavernas do Brasil. Available from: http://www.icmbio.gov.br/cecav/projetos-e-atividades/provincias-espeleologicas.html (accessed 5 December 2019)
Cigliano, M.M., Braun, H., Eades, D.C. & Otte, D. (2020) Orthoptera Species File. Version 5.0/5.0. Available from: http://Orthoptera.SpeciesFile.org (accessed 10 March 2020)
Costa Lima, A. da & Costa Leite, I. da (1953) Um novo grilo cavernícola (Orthoptera, Gryllidae, Phalangopsinae). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 25 (2), 167–170.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (1990) Etude Phylogenetique, Biogéographique et Écologique dês Grylloidea Néotropicaux (Insectes, Orthoptéres). XI-Orsay. Thése de Doctorat, Université Paris, 347 pp.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (1992) Les Phalangopsidae de Guyane française (Orthoptères, Grylloidea): systématique, éléments de phylogénie et de biologie. Bulletin du Museìum national d’histoire naturelle, 4° Serie, Section A 14 (1), 93–177.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (1993) Luzarida Hebard, 1928 et Genres Affines: Genres Nouveaux, Phylogénie et Scénarios (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae, Luzarinae). Revue Française d’Entomologie, Nouvelle Série, 15 (4), 169–182.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (1995) Toward the knowledge of the evolutionary biology of phalangopsid crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): data, questions and evolutionary scenarios. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 4, 163–175.
https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.26.1.1
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (1997 [1999]) Are troglobitic taxa troglobiomorphic? A test using phylogenetic inference. International Journal of Speleology, 26 (1–2), 1–19.
Dessuter-Grandcolas (1998) B—Grylloidea. In: Juberthie, C. & Decu, V. (Eds.), Encyclopaedia Biospeologica. Vol. 2. II—faune souterraine II. 4—Insecta, 56—Ortóptera. Société de Biospéologie, Moulis, pp. 989–1001.
Desutter-Grandcolas, L. (2003) Phylogeny and the evolution of acoustic communication in extant Ensifera (Insecta, Orthoptera). Zoologica Scripta, 32, 525–561.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1463-6409.2003.00142.x
Ferreira, J., Aragão, L.E.O.C., Barlow, J., Barreto, P., Berenguer, E., Bustamante, M., Gardner, T.A., Lees, A.C., Lima, A., Louzada, J., Pardini, R., Parry, L., Peres, C.A., Pompeu, P.S., Tabarelli, M. & Zuanon, J. (2014) Brazil’s environmental leadership at risk. Science, 346, 706–707.
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260194
Ferreira R.L., Oliveira, M.P.A. & Souza-Silva, M. (2018) Subterranean Biodiversity in Ferruginous Landscapes. In: Moldovan, O.T., Kováč, Ľ. & Halse, S. (Eds.), Cave Ecology. Vol. 235. Springer, Cham, pp. 435–447.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98852-8_21
Ganem, R.S. (2009) As cavidades naturais subterrâneas e o Decreto n° 6.640/2008. Avaible from: http://bd.camara.gov.br (accessed 10 December 2019)
Gorochov, A.V. (2014) Classification of the Phalangopsinae subfamily group, and new taxa from the subfamilies Phalangopsinae and Phaloriinae (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Zoosystematica Rossica, 23 (1), 7–88.
https://doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2014.23.1.7
Jaffé, R., Prous, X., Zampaulo, R., Giannini, T.C., Imperatriz-Fonseca, V.L., Maurity, C., Oliveira, G., Brandi, I.V. & Siqueira, J.O. (2016) Reconciling mining with the conservation of cave biodiversity: a quantitative baseline to help establish conservation priorities. PloS one, 11 (12), 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168348
Kirby, W.F. (1906) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. Order of the Trustees of the British Museum, London, 604 pp.
Macambira, E.M.B. & Vale, A.G. (1997) Programa Levantamentos Geológicos Básicos do Brasil. São Félix do Xingu: Folha SB. 22-YB. Estado do Pará, Escala 1:250.000. (PLGB). CPRM, Brasília, pp. 344.
Mews, C.M. & Sperber, C.F. (2008) Two new species of Phalangopsis Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae) from Brazilian Amazon Forest. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 80 (4), 647–655.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652008000400006
Olson, D.M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E.D., Burgess, N.D., Powell, G.V., Underwood, E.C., D’amico, J.A., Itoua, I., Strand, H.E., Morrison, J.C., Loucks, C.J., Allnutt, T.F., Ricketts, T.H., Kura, Y., John, F., Lamoreux, J.F., Wettengel, W.W., Hedao, P. & Kassem, K.R. (2001) Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth: A new global map of terrestrial ecoregions provides an innovative tool for conserving biodiversity. BioScience, 51, 933–938.
https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2
Santana, F.D., Baccaro, F.B. & Costa, F.R.C. (2016) Busy nights: high seed dispersal by crickets in a Neotropical forest. The American Naturalist, 188 (5), 126–133.
https://doi.org/10.1086/688676
Saussure, M.H. (1874) Études sur lês Myriapodes et les Insectes. In: Edwards, M.M. Mission scientifique au Mexique et dans L’Amerique Centrale, recherches zoologique, pour servir à l’histoire de La faune de l´Amérique Centrale et du Mexique. Vol. 6. Impbordererie Impériale, Paris, pp.451–454.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.119680
Saussure, M.H. (1878) Mèlanges orthoptèrologiques. VIème fascicule. Gryllides (2èmepartie). Memoires de la Société de physique et d’histoire naturelle de Genève, 25 (2), 369–702.
Serville, J.G.A. (1831) Revue méthodique des insectes l’ordre dês Orthoptères. Annales dês sciences naturelles, zoologie et biologie animale, 22 (86), 166–167.
Serville, J.G.A. (1839) Histoire Naturelle des Insectes, Orthoptères. Librairie encylopédique de Roret, Paris, 856 pp.
Souza-Dias, P.G.B., Bolfarini, M.P., Nihei, S.S. & de Mello, A.G. (2014) Endecous apterous: A new species of cave cricket from northeast Brazil, with comments on the use of subterranean habitats by Luzarinae crickets (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae: Luzarinae). Zootaxa, 3784 (2), 120–130.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3784.2.2
Valentim, R.F. & Olivito, J.P.R. (2011) Unidade Espeleológica Carajás: delimitação dos enfoques regional e local, conforme metodologia da IN-02/2009 MMA. Espeleotema, 22 (1), 41–60.
Wynne, J.J., Howarth, F.G., Sommer, S. & Dickson, B.G. (2019) Fifty years of cave arthropod sampling: techniques and best practices. International Journal of Speleology, 48 (1), 4.
https://doi.org/10.5038/1827-806X.48.1.2231