Abstract
Ten new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) are described from various passerines of the superfamily Passeroidea in Georgia: Trouessartia americana sp. n. from Setophaga americana (Linnaeus), T. helmitheros sp. n. from Helmitheros vermivorum (Gmelin, JF), T. mniotilta sp. n. from Mniotilta varia (Linnaeus), T. pensylvanica sp. n. from Setophaga pensylvanica (Linnaeus) (type host) and S. palmarum (Gmelin, JF), T. ruticilla sp. n. from S. ruticilla (Linnaeus), T. seiurus sp. n. from Seiurus aurocapilla (Linnaeus), T. tigrina sp. n. from Setophaga tigrina (Gmelin, JF) (Parulidae), T. passerinae sp. n. from Passerina caerulea (Linnaeus) (type host) and P. cyanea (Linnaeus), T. ciris sp. n. from P. ciris (Linnaeus) (Cardinalidae), and T. spizellae sp. n. from Spizella passerina (Bechstein) (Passerellidae). Based on a specific combination of morphological characters, all new species and six previously known species are arranged into a new species group capensis in the genus Trouessartia. The most important diagnostic characters of this species group include: in both sexes, the dorsal hysterosomal apertures are absent; in males, the postgenital plaque is well developed and genital setae g have cylindrical articulation rings; in females, the external copulatory tube is straight, stylet- or finger-like, and situated on the margin of the interlobar membrane, and the head of spermatheca has a semi-ovate extension without indentations. A key to all species referred to the capensis group is provided and host associations of this group with passerines are summarized and briefly discussed. It is hypothesized that this species group originated on the ancestors of New World nine-primaried oscines (Emberizoidea) and diverged in close relation with this group of hosts.
References
Barker, F.K., Burns, K.J., Klicka, J., Lanyon, S.M. & Lovette, I.J. (2013) Going to extremes: contrasting rates of diversification in a recent radiation of New World passerine birds. Systematic Biology, 62, 298–320.
https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/sys094
Barker, F.K., Burns, K.J., Klicka, J., Lanyon, S.M. & Lovette, I.J. (2015) New insights into New World biogeography: an integrated view from the phylogeny of blackbirds, cardinals, sparrows, tanagers, warblers, and allies. Auk, 132, 333–348.
https://doi.org/10.1642/AUK-14-110.1
Barreto, M., Burbano, M.A., Proctor, H.C., Mironov, S.V. & Wauthy, G. (2012) Feather mites (Acariformes: Psoroptidia) from Colombia: Preliminary list with new records. Zootaxa, 3516 (1), 1–68.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3516.1.1
Berla, H.F. (1959a) Analgesidae neotropicais. II – Três novas espécies de Trouessartia Canestrini, 1889 (Acarina-Proctophyllonidae), hóspedes de Fringillidae (Aves-Passeriformes). Boletim do Museu nacional de Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoologia, 208, 1–8.
Berla, H.F. (1959b) Analgesoidea neotropicais. IV – Sôbre algumas espécies novas ou pouco conhecidas de acarinos plumícolas. Boletim do Museu nacional de Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoologia, 209, 1–17.
Berla, H.F. (1960) Analgesoidea neotropicais. VII. Novas espécies de acarinos plumícolas. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 32, 95–105.
Berla, H.F. (1962) Analgesoidea neotropicais. IX. Uma nova espécie de Troeussartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acarina-Proctophyllodinae). Boletim do Museu nacional de Rio de Janeiro, New Series, Zoologia, 241, 1–5.
Burdejnaja, S.J. & Kivganov, D.A. (2011) A new species of the Genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea, Trouessartiidae) from Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, 45, e-29–e-31.
https://doi.org/10.2478/v10058-011-0023-4
Carleton, R.E. & Proctor, H.C. (2010) Feather mites associated with eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis L.) in Georgia, including the description of a new species of Trouessartia (Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae). Southeastern Naturalist, 9, 605–623.
https://doi.org/10.1656/058.009.0317
Černý, V. (1979) Feather mites (Sarcoptiformes, Analgoidea) of some warblers from Czechoslovakia. Folia Parasitologica, 26, 81–84.
Černý, V. & Lukoschus, F.S. (1975) Parasitic mites of Surinam. XXXIII. Feather mites (Analgoidea). Studies on the Fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 15, 184–203.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7106-1_3
Constantinescu, I.C., Chişamera, G.B., Pocora, V., Stanciu, C. & Adam, C. (2013) Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Analgoidea) from the moustached warbler, Acrocephalus melanopogon (Passeriformes, Acrocephalidae), in Romania. Zootaxa, 3709 (3), 267–276.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3709.3.5
Constantinescu, I.C., Cobzaru, I., Mukhim, D.K.B. & Adam, C. (2016a) Two new species of the genus Trouessartia (Acari, Trouessartiidae) from leiothrichid birds (Aves, Leiothrichidae). Zookeys, 571, 59–79.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.571.7724
Constantinescu, I.C., Cobzaru, I., Mukhim, D.K.B. & Adam, C. (2016b) Two new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia (Acari: Trouessartiidae) in Asia. Zootaxa, 4137 (3), 357–374.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4137.3.4
Constantinescu I.C., Chişamera, G., Petrescu A. & Adam, C. (2018a) Two new species of feather mites (Acarina: Psoroptidia) from the Oriental Magpie-Robin, Copsychus saularis (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae). Acarologia, 58, 313–331.
https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20184244
Constantinescu, I.C., Popa, O.P., Popa, L.O., Cobzaru, I., Mukhim, D.K.B. & Adam, C. (2018b) A new feather mite species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acarina, Trouessartiidae)—an integrative description (morphology and DNA barcoding data). Zookeys, 789, 19–35.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.789.27829
Dabert, J. & Mironov, S.V. (1999) Origin and evolution of feather mites (Astigmata). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 23, 437–454.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006180705101
Doña J., Diaz-Real, J., Mironov, S., Bazaga P., Serrano, D. & Jovani, R. (2015) DNA barcoding and mini-barcoding as a powerful tool for feather mite studies. Molecular Ecology Resources, 15, 1216–1225.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12384
Doña, J., Sweet A.D., Johnson, K.P., Serrano, D., Mironov, S. & Jovani, R. (2017) Cophylogenetic analyses reveal extensive host-shift speciation in a highly specialized and host-specific symbiont system. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 115, October, 190–196.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.08.005
Forrester, D.J. & Spalding, M.G. (2003) Parasites and Diseases of Wild Birds in Florida. University Press of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 1132 pp.
Galloway, T.D., Proctor, H.C. & Mironov, S.V. (2014) Chapter 5. Chewing Lice (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) and Feather Mites (Acari: Astigmatina: Analgoidea, Pterolichoidea): Ectosymbionts of Grassland Birds in Canada. In: Cárcamo, H.A. & Giberson, D.J. (Eds.), Arthropods of Canadian Grasslands. Vol. 3. Biodiversity and Systematics. Part 1. Biological Survey of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, pp. 139–188.
Gaud, J. (1977) La faune terrestre de l’Ile de Sainte-Hélène. Acariens Sarcoptiformes plumicoles parasites d’oiseaux. Annales du Musée royale de L’Afrique centrale, Série in-8°, Sciences Zoologiques, 220, 260–269.
Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W.T. (1986) Les Trouessartia (Analgoidea, Trouessartiidae) parasites des hirondelles de 1’Ancien Monde. I. Le groupe appendiculata. Acarologia, 27, 263–274.
Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W.T. (1987) Les Trouessartia (Analgoidea, Trouessartiidae) parasites des hirondelles de 1’Ancien Monde. II. Le groupe minutipes. Acarologia, 28, 367–379.
Gaud, J. & Atyeo, W.T. (1996) Feather mites of the World (Acarina, Astigmata): the supraspecific taxa. Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale, Annales, Sciences Zoologiques, 277 (Pt. 1 & 2), 1–193 (text) & 1–436 (illustrations).
Gaud, J. & Mouchet, J. (1958) Acariens plumicoles (Analgesoidea) des oiseaux du Cameroun. I.—Proctophyllodidae (suite). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparée, 33, 36–68.
Gaud, J. & Till, W.M. (1961) Suborder Sarcoptiformes. In: Zumpt, F. (Ed.), The Arthropod Parasites of Vertebrates in Africa South of the Sahara (Ethiopian Region). Vol. I. Chelicerata. Publications of the South African Institute of Medical Research. No 1. Vol. IX. South African Institute of Medical Research, Johannesburg, pp. 180–352.
Gill, F. & Donsker, D. (Eds.) (2020) IOC World Bird List. Version 10.1. Available from: http://www.worldbirdnames.org/ (accessed 20 June 2020)
https://doi.org/10.14344/IOC.ML.10.1
Grandjean, F. (1939) La chaetotaxie des pattes chez les Acaridiae. Bulletin de la Societé zoologique de France, 64, 50–60.
Hernandes, F.A. (2014) Five new species of the feather mite genus Trouessartia Canestrini from South America (Acari: Trouessartiidae). Zootaxa, 3856 (1), 50–72.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3856.1.2
Hernandes, F.A. (2017) Two new species of Trouessartia Canestrini 1899 (Astigmata: Trouessartiidae) from passeriform birds in Brazil. Systematic Parasitology, 94, 1019–1032.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11230-017-9755-z
Hernandes, F.A. & Valim, M.P. (2015) A new species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini (Acari: Trouessartiidae) from Neotropical passerines (Aves: Tyrannidae). International Journal of Acarology, 41, 382–388.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2015.1046921
Hernandes, F.A. & OConnor, B.M. (2017) Out of Africa: the mite community (Arachnida: Acariformes) of the Common Waxbill, Estrilda astrild (Linnaeus, 1758) (Passeriformes: Estrildidae) in Brazil. Parasites and Vectors, 10 (299), 1–19.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-017-2230-5
Kanegae, M.F., Valim, M.P., Fonseca, M.A., Marini, M.A. & Serra-Freire, N.M. (2008) Ácaros plumícolas (Acari: Astigmata) em aves do Cerrado do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Biota Neotropica, 8, 31–39.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676-06032008000100003
Krantz, G. & Walter, D. (Eds.) (2009) A Manual of Acarology. 3rd Edition. Texas Tech University Press, Lubbock, Texas, 807 pp.
Mauri, R. & De Alzuet, A.B. (1968) Una nueva especie de “Trouessartia Canestrini» 1899 («Acarina: Proctophyllodidae»). Revista del Museo de la Plata, New Series, Zoología, 10 (85), 169–172.
Mironov, S.V. (1983) Feather mites of the genus Trouessartia of the USSR fauna and descriptions of new species (Analgoidea). Parazitologiya, 17, 361–369. [in Russian with English summary]
Mironov, S.V. (1987) Morphological adaptations of feather mites to different types of plumage and skin of birds. Parazitologicheskii Sbornik, 34, 114–132. [in Russian with English summary]
Mironov, S.V. & Bermúdez, S. (2017) Feather mites (Acari: Analgoidea) associated with the Hairy Woodpecker Leuconotopicus villosus (Piciformes: Picidae) in Panama. Acarologia, 57 (4), 941–955.
https://doi.org/10.24349/acarologia/20174218
Mironov, S.V. & Galloway, T.D. (2019) Feather mites of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from swallows (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) in Canada. Zootaxa, 4568 (1), 1–39.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4568.1.1
Mironov, S.V. & González-Acuña, D.A. (2013) A new feather mite species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from the White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae) in Chile. Acarina, 21 (2), 123–132. [https://acarina.utmn.ru/journal/release-archive/2013/21-2/172659/]
Mironov, S.V. & Kopij, G. (1996) New feather mite species (Acarina: Analgoidea) from some starlings (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) of South Africa. Journal of African Zoology, 110, 257–269.
Mironov, S.V. & Kopij, G. (2000) New feather mites species of the genus Trouessartia (Acari: Analgoidea: Trouessartiidae) from South African passerines (Aves: Passeriformes) Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Museum and Institut, 97, 99–115.
Mironov, S.V. & Overstreet, R.M. (2016) A new feather mite species of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from the Northern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) in Pennsylvania. Acarina, 24 (2), 3–9.
https://doi.org/10.21684/0132-8077-2016-24-2-89-95
Mironov, S.V. & Palma, R.L. (2016) A new feather mite of the genus Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899 (Acariformes: Trouessartiidae) from the Seychelles Magpie-robin, Copsychus sechellarum (Passeriformes: Muscicapidae). Acta Parasitologica, 61, 629–635.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0084
Norton, R. (1998) Morphological evidence for the evolutionary origin of Astigmata (Acari: Acariformes). Experimental and Applied Acarology, 22, 559–594.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006135509248
OConnor, B.M., Foufopoulos, J., Lipton, D. & Lindström, K. (2005) Mites associated with the small ground finch, Geospiza fuliginosa (Passeriformes: Emberizidae), from the Galapagos Islands. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 1304–1313.
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-581r.1
Oliveros, C.H., Field, D.J., Ksepka, D.T., Keith Barker, F., Aleixo, A., Andersen, M.J., Alström, P., Benz B.W., Braun, E.L., Braun, M.J., Bravos G.A., Brumfield, R.T., Chesser R.T., Claramunt S., Cracraft J., Cuervoz, A.M., Derryberry E.P., Glenn, T.C., Harvey, M.G., Hosner, P.A., Joseph L., Kimball R.T., Mackee A.L., Miskelly, C. M., Peterson, A.T., Robbins, M.B., Sheldon F.H., Silveira, L. F., Smith, B.T, White, N.D., Moyle, R.G. & Faircloth, B.C. (2019) Earth history and the passerine superradiation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 116 (16), 7916–7925.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813206116
Orwig, K.R. (1968) The genera and species of the feather mite subfamily Trouessartinae except Trouessartia (Acarina: Proctophyllodidae). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum, 8, 1–187.
Santana, F.J. (1976) A review of the genus Trouessartia (Analgoidea: Alloptidae). Journal of Medical Entomology, Supplement 1, 1–128.
https://doi.org/10.1093/jmedent/13.Suppl1.1
Till, W.M. (1953) Four new species of the genus Trouessartia. Moçambique, 73, 3–17.
Valim, M.P., Hernandes, F.A. & Proctor, H.C. (2011) Feather mites of Brazil (Acari: Astigmata: Analgoidea and Pterolichoidea). International Journal of Acarology, 37, 293–324.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2010.519719
Yuri, T. & Mindell, D.P. (2002) Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, “New World nine-primaried oscines” (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23, 229–243.