Abstract
Three new species of antipatharian corals are described from deep-sea (677–2,821 m) seamounts and ridges in the North Pacific, including Antipathes sylospongia, Alternatipathes venusta, and Umbellapathes litocrada. Most of the material for these descriptions was collected on expeditions aboard NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer that were undertaken as part of the Campaign to Address Pacific Monument Science, Technology, and Ocean Needs (CAPSTONE). One of the main goals of CAPSTONE was to characterize the deep-sea fauna in protected waters of the U.S. Pacific, as well as in the Prime Crust Zone, the area with the highest known concentration of commercially valuable deep-sea minerals in the Pacific. Species descriptions and distribution data are supplemented with in situ photo records, including those from deep-sea exploration programs that have operated in the North Pacific in addition to CAPSTONE, namely the Hawaii Undersea Research Laboratory (HURL), the Ocean Exploration Trust (OET), and the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI).
References
Bo, M., Barucca, M., Biscotti, A., Brugler, M.R., Canapa, A., Canese, S., Lo Iacono, C., & Bavestrello, G. (2018) Phylogenetic relationships of Mediterranean black corals (Cnidaria : Anthozoa : Hexacorallia) and implications for classification within the order Antipatharia. Invertebrate Systematics, 32, 1102–1110.
https://doi.org/10.1071/IS17043
Brook, G. (1889) Report on the Antipatharia. Reports of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the Challenger, Zoology, 32, 1–222.
Brugler, M.R., Opresko, D.M. & France, S.C. (2013) The evolutionary history of the order Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia) as inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA: implications for black coral taxonomy and systematics. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 169, 312–361.
https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12060
Ehrenberg, C.G. (1834) Die Corallenthiere des rothen Meeres. Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin, 156 pp.
Horowitz, J., Brugler, M.R., Bridge, T.C.L., & Cowman, P. (2020) Morphological and molecular description of a new genus and species of black coral from the mesophotic reefs of Papua New Guinea (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Hexacorallia: Antipatharia: Antipathidae: Blastopathes). Zootaxa, 4821 (3), 553–569.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4821.3.7
Kennedy, B.R.C., Cantwell, K., Malik, M., Kelley, C., Potter, J., Eliott, K., Lobecker, E., Gray, L.M., Sowers, D., White, M.P., France, S.C. Auscavitch, S., Mah, C., Moriwacke, V., Bingo, S.R.D, Putts, M. & Rotjan, R.D. (2019) The unknown and the unexplored: insights into the Pacific deep-Sea following NOAA CAPSTONE Expeditions. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 480.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00480
Leonardi, A., Armor, J., Montanio, P. & Werner, C. (2018) CAPSTONE: NOAA’s campaign to address Pacific monument Science, Technology, and Ocean Needs. Oceanography, 29, 48–52.
Molodtsova, T.N. & Opresko, D.M. (2017) Black corals (Anthozoa: Antipatharia) of the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone. Marine Biodiversity, 47, 349–365.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-017-0659-6
Opresko, D.M. (2002) Revision of the Antipatharia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa). Part II. Schizopathidae. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 76, 411–442.
Opresko, D.M. (2003) Redescription of Antipathes dichotoma Pallas, 1766 (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia). Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 77, 481–493.
Opresko, D.M. (2005) New genera and species of antipatharian corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from the North Pacific. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden, 79, 129–165.
Opresko, D.M. (2019) New Species of black corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Antipatharia) from New Zealand region, part 2. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 47 (3), 149–186.
https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2019.1650783
Parrish, F.A., Baco, A.R., Kelley, C. & Reiswig, H. (2017) State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the U.S. Pacific Islands Region. In: Hourigan, T.F., Etnoyer, P.J. & Cairns, S.D. (Eds.), The State of Deep-Sea Coral and Sponge Ecosystems of the United States. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-OHC-4. NOAA, Silver Spring, Maryland, pp. 1–40.
Pax, F. [with Tischbierek, H.] (1932) Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Japanischen Dörnchenkorallen. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 9 (Syst.), 63, 407–450.
Quattrini, A.M., Faircloth, B.C., Duenas, L.F., Bridge, T.C.L., Brugler, M.R., Calixto-Borja, I.F., DeLeo, D.M., Foret, S., Herrera, S., Lee, S.M.Y., Miller, D.J., Prada, C., Radis-Baptista, G., Ramirez-Portilla, C., Sanchez, J.A., Rodriguez, E. & McFadden, C.S. (2017) Universal target-enrichment baits for anthozoan (Cnidaria) phylogenomics: New approaches to long-standing problems. Molecular Ecology Resources, 18, 281–295.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.12736
Schultze, L.S. (1896) Antipathiden von Ternate nach den Sammlungen Prof. Kukenthal. Zoologische Anzieger, 19, 89–91.