Abstract
Erebusssau nom. nov. was originally described by Bussau, (1993) in his PhD thesis “Taxonomische und ökologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens” but the name assigned was already in use, becoming an invalid name. Based on male specimens recovered from the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, we propose a new replacement nomen for the genus and describe a new species, also adding information about juveniles. Erebussau nom. nov. differs from all other Meyliidae genera by its peculiar offset head. Erebussau profundus sp. nov. differs from Erebussau tenebricosus nom. nov., comb. nov. by its larger size, the presence of pre- and post-cloacal supplements and the shape of the spicules. We also describe a new genus of the family Desmoscolecidae, Odetenema gesarae gen. nov., sp. nov. with an updated key to the genera of the subfamily Tricominae. Odetenema gen. nov. differs from the described Desmoscolecidae genera mainly in terms of the cuticle annulation pattern and the unique end ring with two tubular outlets. Erebussau tenebricosus, E. profundus sp. nov. and Odetenema gesarae gen. nov., sp. nov. have so far only been reported from deep-sea areas where polymetallic nodules are present.
References
Amante, C. & Eakins, B.W. (2009) ETOPO1 Global Relief Model converted to PanMap layer format. NOAA-National Geophysical Data Center, PANGAEA. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS, NGDC-24, 1‒19.
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.769615
Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (1999) International code of zoological nomenclature. 4th Edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London, 306 pp.
Anonymous [International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature] (2012) Amendment of Articles 8, 9, 10, 21 and 78 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature to expand and refine methods of publication. Zookeys, 219, 1‒10.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.219.3944
Andrassy, I. (1976) Evolution as a Basis for the Systematization of Nematodes, Pitman Publishing Ltd., London, 288 pp.
Bezerra, T.N., Decraemer, W., Eisendle-Flöckner, U., Hodda, M., Holovachov, O., Leduc, D., Miljutin, D., Mokievsky, V., Peña Santiago, R., Sharma, J., Smol, N., Tchesunov, A., Venekey, V., Zhao, Z. & Vanreusel, A. (2020) Nemys: World Database of Nematodes. Available from: http://nemys.ugent.be (accessed 21 October 2020)
Boetius, A. (2015) RV SONNE Fahrtbericht/Cruise Report SO242-2 [SO242/2]: JPI OCEANS Ecological Aspects of Deep-Sea Mining, DISCOL Revisited, Guayaquil - Guayaquil (Equador), 28.08.–01.10.2015. Available from: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/31076/ (accessed 21 October 2020)
Burgess, R. (2001) An improved protocol for separating meiofauna from sediments using colloidal silica sols. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 214, 161–165.
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps214161
Bussau, C. (1993) Taxonomische und ökologische untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens. Ph.D. thesis, University.Burges, Kiel, 621 pp.
Chitwood, B.G. (1933) A revised classification of the Nematoda. The Journal of Parasitology, Papers in Helminthology, Ninth Annual Meeting, 20 (2), 115–148.
Cobb, N.A. (1894) Tricoma and other nematode genera. The proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales, Series 2, 8, 389‒421.
Decraemer, W. (1976) Scientific report on the Belgian expedition to the Great Barrier Reef in 1967. Nematodes VI.Morphological observations on a new genus Quadricomoides of marine Desmoscolecida. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater, 27, 89‒115.
https://doi.org/10.1071/MF9760089
Decraemer, W. (1977) Origin and evolution of the Desmoscolecida, an aberrant group of nematodes. Zeitschrift fur zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung, 15 (3), 232–236.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.1977.tb00539.x
Decraemer, W. (1979) Taxonomic problems within the Desmoscolecida. Annalen van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Dierkunde, 108, 9–16.
Decraemer, W. (1984) Tricominae (Nematoda– Desmoscolecida) from the northern part of the Mocambique Channel, with five new species and one new genus. Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Biologie 55, 1–24.
Decraemer, W. (1985) Deep-sea desmoscolecids (Nematoda-Desmoscolecida) from the Bay of Biscay. In: Laubier, L. & Monniot, C. (Eds.), Peuplements profound du Golfe de Gascogne, Campagnes Biogas. Ifremer, Brest, pp. 325–330.
Decraemer, W. (1989) On the deep-sea desmoscolecid fauna of the flat of Cap Vert (Nematoda: Desmoscolecida). Bulletin de l’Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Biologie, 68, 5–22.
Decraemer, W.; Jensen, P. (1981) Meyliidae (Nematoda-Desmoscolecoidea) with four new species and two new genera. Biologie Bulletin van het Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Biologie, 53 (18), 1‒13.
Decraemer, W. & Rho, H.S. (2014) Desmoscolecida. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. De Gruyter, Berlin, pp. 351–372.
Decraemer, W. & Smol, N. (2006) Orders Chromadorida, Desmodorida and Desmoscolecida. In: Eyualem-Abebe Traunspurger, W. & Andrássy, I. (Eds.), Freshwater Nematodes: Ecology and taxonomy. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 497–573.
De Coninck, L.A. (1965) Classe des Nématodes - Systématique des Nématodes et sous-classe des Adenophorea. Traité de Zoologie, 4 (2), 586–681. [éd.GRASSE]
De Grisse, A.T. (1969) Redescription ou modification de quelques techniques utilisees dans l’etude de nematodes phytoparasitaires. Mededelingen van de Rijksfakulteit der Landbouwwetenschappen, Gent, 34, 351–369.
De Ley, P. & Blaxter, M. (2002) Systematic position and phylogeny. In: Lee, D.L. (Ed.), Biology of Nematodes. Taylor & Francis, London, pp. 1–30.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b12614
De Ley, P. & Blaxter, M. (2004) A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa. In: Cook, R. & Hunt, D.J. (Eds.), Nematology Monographs and Perspectives, E. J. Brill, Leiden, pp. 633–653.
Filipjev, I.N. (1929) Classification of freeliving Nematoda and relations to parasitic forms. Journal of Parasitology, 15, 281–282.
Freudenhammer, I. (1975) Desmoscolecida aus der Iberischen Tiefsee, zugleich eine Revision dieser Nematoden-Ordnung. G. Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart, 65 pp.
General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO)—Latest global bathymetric 30 arc-second grid (version 1.3.0) Available from https://www.gebco.net/ (accessed 21 October 2020)
Gerlach, S.A. (1956) Diagnosen neuer Nematoden aus der Kieler Bucht. Kieler Meeresforschung, 12, 85‒109.
Holovachov, O. (2020) The nomenclatural status of new nematode nomina proposed in 1993 in the doctoral thesis of Christian Bussau, entitled Taxonimische und ökologische Untersuchungen an Nematoden des Peru-Beckens (Nematoda). Bionomina, 19, 86–99.
https://doi.org/10.11646/bionomina.19.1.5
Holovachov, O., Fadeeva, N, Tandingan De Ley, I., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Gingold, R. & De Ley, P. (2012) Revision and phylogeny of Tarvaia Allgén, 1934 (Nematoda: Tarvaiidae). Nematology, 14, 677–708.
https://doi.org/10.1163/156854112X627255
Hwang, U.W., Choi, E., Kim, D.S., Decraemer, W. & Chang, C.Y. (2009) Monophyly of the family Desmoscolecidae (Nematoda, Demoscolecida) and its phylogenetic position inferred from 18S rDNA sequences. Molecules and Cells, 27 (5), 515–523.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10059-009-0070-7
Inglis, W.G. (1983) An Outline Classification of the Phylum Nematoda. Australian Journal of Zoology, 31, 243‒255.
https://doi.org/10.1071/ZO9830243
Latreille, P.A. (1810) Considérations générales sur l’ordre naturel des animaux composant les classes des Crustacés, des Arachnides, et des Insectes; avec un tableau méthodique de leurs genres, disposés en familles. Schoell, Paris, 444 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.39620
Lorenzen, S. (1969) Desmoscoleciden (eine Gruppe freilebender Meeresnematoden) aus Küstensalzwiesen. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 12, 231‒265.
Lorenzen, S. (1977) Haftborsten bei dem Nematoden Haptotricoma arenaria gen. n., sp. n. (Desmoscolecidae) aus sublitoralem Sand Bei Helgolang. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 16, 117‒124.
Lorenzen, S. (1981) Entwurf eines phylogenetischen Systems der freilebenden Nematoden. Veröffentlichungen des Instituts für Meeresforschung in Bremerhaven, 7 (Supplement), 1–432.
Lorenzen, S. (1994): The phylogenetic systematics of freeliving nematodes. Translated. Platt, H. M. The Ray Society, London, 383 pp.
de Man, J.G. (1880) Die einheimischen, frei in der reinen Erde und im süßen Wasser lebende Nematoden monographisch bearbeitet. Vorläufiger Bericht und descriptiv-systematischer Theil. Tijdschrift der Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging. Nederlandsche Dierkundige Vereeniging, Rotterdam, pp. 1–104.
Martínez A.P. & Haeckel, M. (2015) RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO239: EcoResponse Assessing the Ecology, Connectivity and Resilience of Polymetallic Nodule Field Systems, Balboa (Panama)—Manzanillo (Mexico) 11.03.–30.04.2015. Available from: https://oceanrep.geomar.de/30422/ (accessed 21 October 2020)
Meldal, B.H.M., Debenhamb, N.J., De Ley, P., Tandingan De Ley, I., VanXeteren, J.R., Vierstraete, A.R., Bert, W., Borgonie, G., Moens, T., Tyler, P.A., Austen, M.C., Blaxter, M.L., Rogers, A.D. & Lambshead, P.J.D. (2007) An improved molecular phylogeny of the Nematoda with special emphasis on marine taxa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42, 622–636.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2006.08.025
Miljutin, D.M., Gad, G., Miljutina, M.M., Mokievsky, V.O., Fonseca-Genevois, V. & Esteves, A.M. (2010) The state of knowledge on deep-sea nematode taxonomy: how many valid species are known down there? Marine Biodiversity, 40, 1–17.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-010-0041-4
Pape, E., Bezerra, T.N., Hauquier, F. & Vanreusel, A. (2017) Limited Spatial and Temporal Variability in Meiofauna and Nematode Communities at Distant but Environmentally Similar Sites in an Area of Interest for Deep-Sea mining. Frontiers in Marine Science, 4. [published online]
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00205
Pearse, A.S. (1942) An Introduction to Parasitology. Charles C. Thomas, Baltimore, Maryland, 375 pp.
Poinar, G.O. (2011) The Evolutionary History of Nematodes: As Revealed in Stone, Amber and Mummies. Nematology Monographs and Perspectives. Vol. 9. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 429 pp.
Shipley, A.E. (1896) Nemathelminthes. In: Harmer, S.F. & Shipley, A.E. (Eds.), The Cambridge Natural History. Vol. 2. Weldon u. Wesley, Cambridge and reprint 1959, Engelman, Weinheim, pp. 123–185. [ISSN=2296-7745]
Tchesunov, A.V. (1994) On the morphology and systematic position of the family Meyliidae (Nematoda: Chromadoria). Nematologica, 40, 369–378.
https://doi.org/10.1163/003525994X00265
Timm, R.W. (1970) A revision of the nematode order Desmoscolecida Filipjev, 1929. University of California Press, Berkeley. University of California publications in zoology, 93, 1–115.
Timm, R.W. (1978) Marine nematodes of the order Desmoscolecida from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Biology of the Antarctic Seas VI—Antarctic Research Series, 26, 225‒236.