Abstract
Aplectana longa n. sp. (Ascaridida: Cosmocercidae) from the small intestine of Gastrotheca microdiscus (Amphibia: Hemiphractidae) is described and illustrated. The new species is characterized by the combination of a unique set of morphological characters: 1) Large body size in both sexes; 2) Lateral alae absent; 3) Gubernaculum present, small, thin, weakly sclerotized, pointed at the distal end and curved proximally at the end, with a small and punctiform papilla-like dilation, and 4) Caudal papillae arrangement (9+1:0:6). The distribution pattern of caudal papillae is similar only to Aplectana chamaeleonsis. Nevertheless, Aplectana longa n. sp. is easily differentiated from this species by the arrangement of precloacal papillae. This is the 57th species of the Aplectana and the 16th species reported from Brazil.
References
Amorim, D.M., Silva, L.A.F., Morais, D.H., Silva, R.J. & Ávila, R.W. (2017) Aplectana nordestina n. sp. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) parasitizing Leposternon polystegum (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from Northeastern, Brazil. Zootaxa, 4247 (1), 83–88.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4247.1.12
Anderson, R.C. (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates. Their Development and Transmission. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, 672 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994215.0000
Baker, M.R. (1980) Revision of old world species of the genus Aplectana Railliet and Henry, 1916 (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae). Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle, 2, 955–998.
Bordes, F. & Morand, S. (2009) Parasite diversity: an overlooked metric of parasite pressures? Oikos, 118 (6), 801–806.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0706.2008.17169.x
Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R. & Grismer, L.L. (2018) A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda, Cosmocercidae) in Goniurosaurus bawanglingensis (Squamata, Eublepharidae), from Hainan Province, China. Acta Parasitologica, 63 (1), 190–197.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2018-0022
Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R. & Kraus, F. (2011) New species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Sphenomorphus pratti from Papua New Guinea. Journal of Parasitology, 97 (4), 654–660.
https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-2720.1
Bursey, C.R., Goldberg, S.R. & Telford, S.R. (2006) New species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) and Mesocoelium monas (Digenea: Brachycoeliidae) in Lepidophyma flavimaculatum (Squamata: Xantusiidae) from Costa Rica. Caribbean Journal of Science, 42 (2), 164–170.
Campião, K.M., Morais, D.H., Dias, O.T., Aguiar, A., Toledo, G., Tavares, L.E.R. & Silva, R.J. (2014) Checklist of helminth parasites of amphibians from South America. Zootaxa, 3843 (1), 1–93.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3843.1.1
Campião, K.M., Silva, I.C.O., Dalazen, G.T., Paiva, F. & Tavares, L.E.R. (2016) Helminth parasites of 11 anuran species from the Pantanal Wetland, Brazil. Comparative Parasitology, 83 (1), 92–100.
https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-83.1.92
Castroviejo-Fisher, S., Padial, J.M., De la Riva, I., Pombal Junior, J.P., Silva H.R., Rojas-Runjaic, F.J.M., Medina-Méndez, E. & Frost, D.R. (2015) Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa, 4004 (1), 1–75.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4004.1.1
Dobson, A., Lafferty, K.D., Kuris, A.M., Hechinger, R.F. & Jetz, W. (2008) Homage to Linnaeus: How many parasites? How many hosts? Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105 (Supplement 1), 11482–11489.
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803232105
Falcón-Ordaz, J., Monks, S., Pulido-Flores, G. & Rodriguez-Amador, R. (2014) A New Species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Ambystoma velasci (Amphibia: Ambystomatidae) from Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 81 (2), 220–224.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4684.1
Flowers, J.R., Law, M. & Carvajal-Endara, S. (2011) Pseudosonsinotrema megalorchis n. sp. (Digenea: Pleurogenidae) from the Paramo marsupial frog, Gastrotheca pseustes (Anura: Hemiphractidae), Ecuador. Comparative Parasitology, 78 (1), 15–20.
https://doi.org/10.1654/4460.1
Frost, D.R. (2020) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Available from: http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html (access 26 September 2020)
Gibbons, L.M. (2010) Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Supplementary Volume. CAB International and Natural History Museum, London, 146 pp.
https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845935719.0000
Goldberg, S.R. & Bursey, C.R. (2019) Gastrointestinal Helminths from Two Species of Toads, Ingerophrynus divergens and Phrynoidis juxtasper (Anura: Bufonidae), from Borneo, Southeast Asia. Comparative Parasitology, 87 (1), 1–3.
https://doi.org/10.1654/1525-2647-87.1.1
Goldberg, S.R., Bursey, C., Brown, R.M. & Siler, C.D. (2019) Gastrointestinal Helminths from Three Species of Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from the Philippines. Pacific Science, 73 (1), 177–186.
https://doi.org/10.2984/73.1.9
Gómez, G., Sánchez, L., Ñacari, L.A. & Espínola-Novelo, J.F. (2020) Nematode Parasites from Six Species of Marsupial Gastrotheca (Anura: Hemiphractidae) Frogs from the Peruvian Andean Highlands. Pacific Science, 74 (1), 65–73. [25 March 2020]
https://doi.org/10.2984/74.1.5
González, C.E., Gómez, V.I. & Hamann M.I. (2019) Morphological variation of Aplectana hylambatis (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) from different anuran hosts and localities in Argentina. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 91, e20171028.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201920171028.
Izecksohn, E. & Carvalho-e-Silva, S.P. (2008) As espécies de Gastrotheca na Serra dos Órgãos, estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (Amphibia: Anura: Amphignathodontidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 25, 100–110.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81752008000100014
Jorge, F. & Poulin R. (2018) Poor geographical match between the distributions of host diversity and parasite discovery effort. Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, 285 (1879), 20180072.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0072
Miranda, C. (1924) Alguns nematódeos do género Aplectana Railliet & Henry, 1916. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 17, 45–54.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761924000100002
Monteiro, J.P.C., Condez, T.H., Malagoli, L.R., Nardin, E.C. & Haddad, C.F.B. (2019) The marsupial frog Gastrotheca microdiscus (Anura: Hemiphractidae) in South Brazil: distribution, natural history, advertisement call and molecular genetics. Salamandra, 55 (1), 48–53.
Oliveira, C.R., Ávila, R.W. & Morais, D.H. (2019) Helminths Associated With Three Physalaemus Species (Anura: Leptodactylidae) From Caatinga Biome, Brazil. Acta Parasitologica, 64 (1), 205–212.
https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-018-00022-8
Piñeiro Gomez, M.D., González, C.E. & Sanabria, E.A. (2017) A new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) parasite of Pleurodema nebulosum (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Monte Desert, Argentina, with a key to Neotropical species of the genus Aplectana. Zootaxa, 4247 (2), 121–130.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4247.2.3
Ramallo, G., Bursey, C.R. & Goldberg, S.R. (2007) Two new species of cosmocercids (Ascaridida) in the toad, Chaunus arenarum (Anura: Bufonidae) from Argentina. Journal of Parasitology, 93, 910–916.
https://doi.org/10.1645/ge-1131r.1
Segalla, M.V., Caramaschi, U., Cruz, C.A.G., Garcia, P.C.A., Grant, T., Haddad, C.F.B., Berneck, B.V.M., Santana, L., Toledo, F. & Langone, J.A. (2019) Brazilian Amphibians: List of Species. Herpetologia Brasileira, 8 (1), 65–97.
Sou, S.K., Sow, K.K. & Nandi, A.P. (2018) Aplectana hoplobatrachusia sp. nov. (Nematoda: Cosmocercidae) in Hoplobatrachus crassus (Jerdon, 1853) (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Birbhum District, West Bengal, India. Zootaxa, 4472 (1), 194–200.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4472.1.12
Teixeira, M. Jr., Vechio, F., Recorder, R.S., Carnaval, A.C., Strangas, M., Damasceno, R.P., Sena, M.A. & Rodrigues, M.T. (2012) Two new species of marsupial tree-frogs genus Gastrotheca Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura, Hemiphractidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Zootaxa, 3437 (1), 1–23.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3437.1.1
Travassos, L. (1925) Aplectana raillieti, n. sp. Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Sociétéde Biologie et de ses Filiales, 93, 973–974.
Vaucher, C. (1987) Polystomes d’Equateura, avec description de deux nouvelles especes. Bulletin de la Societe Neuchfteloise des Sciences Naturelles, 110, 45–56.
Vicente, J.J., Rodrigues, H.O., Gomes, D.C. & Pinto, R.M. (1993) Nematóides do Brasil. Parte III: nematóides de répteis. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 10 (1), 19–168.