Abstract
The knowledge on the diversity of the genus Patrera Simon in Colombia is widely expanded. P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. armata (Chickering, 1940) are redescribed and their females are described for the first time and recorded from Cundinamarca and Meta departments, respectively. Aysha strandi (Caporiacco, 1947) is synonymized with P. armata. Three species groups in the genus Patrera are proposed to include the bulk of its species (fulvastra, florezi, and philipi). These groups are diagnosed based on sexual characters. Twenty-five new species are herein described, illustrated and mapped: P. anchicaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. barbacoas n. sp. (♂); P. borjai n. sp. (♂♀); P. danielae n. sp. (♂♀); P. dimar n. sp. (♂♀); P. perafani n. sp. (♂♀); P. platnicki n. sp. (♂); P. quillacinga n. sp. (♂♀), and P. ramirezi n. sp. (♂♀) into the fulvastra species group. P. bonaldoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. boteroi n. sp. (♂); P. carvalhoi n. sp. (♂♀); P. florezi n. sp. (♂♀); P. perijaensis n. sp. (♀); P. quimbaya n. sp. (♂♀); P. sampedroi n. sp. (♂); P. yukpa n. sp. (♂♀), and P. wiwa n. sp. (♂♀) in florezi species group. P. sutu n. sp. (♂); P. chucurui n. sp. (♂♀); P. dawkinsi n. sp. (♂); P. dentata n. sp. (♂); P. dracula n. sp. (♂); P. kuryi n. sp. (♂♀), and P. longitibialis n. sp. (♂) in philipi species group. We also briefly discuss some aspects of the species groups’ genital morphology, based on a comparison with the type, P. fulvastra Simon. Additionally, distribution maps for all Colombian species including new records for P. armata (Chickering, 1940), P. auricoma (L. Koch, 1866) and P. suni Dupérré & Tapia, 2016 from Cundinamarca, Meta and Nariño departments are also herein included.
References
Álvarez-Padilla, F. & Hormiga, G. (2007) A protocol for digesting internal soft tissues and mounting spiders for scanning electron microscopy. The Journal of Arachnology, 35 (3), 538−543.
https://doi.org/10.1636/Sh06-55.1
Bertkau, P. (1878) Versuch einer natürlichen Anordnung der Spinnen, nebst Bemerkungen zueinzelnen Gattungen. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, 44, 351−410.
Berland, L. (1913) Araignées. Mission du Service géographique de l’armée pour la mesure d’un arc du méridien équatorial en Amérique du Sud (1899−1906), Paris, 10, 78−119.
Brescovit, A.D. (1993) Lepajan, um gênero novo de aranhas neotropicais da família Anyphaenidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 37 (4), 693−703.
Brescovit, A.D. (1997) Revisão de Anyphaeninae Bertkau a nível de gêneros na região neotropical (Araneae, Anyphaenidae). Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 13, 1–187.
Bonaldo, A.B. (1994) A subfamília Eutichurinae na região neotropical, com a revisão do gênero Eutichurus Simon, 1896 (Araneae, Miturgidae). Iheringia, Zoology, 76, 101−159.
Bonnet, P. (1958) Bibliographia araneorum. Douladoure Toulouse, 2 (4), 3027−4230.
Caporiacco, L. di. (1947) Diagnosi preliminari de specie nuove di aracnidi della Guiana Brittanica raccolte dai professori Beccari e Romiti. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 56, 20−34.
Caporiacco, L. di. (1948) Arachnida of British Guiana collected in 1931 and 1936 by Professors Beccari and Romiti. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 118 (3), 607−747.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1948.tb00402.x
Caporiacco, L. di. (1955) Estudios sobre los aracnidos de Veneuela 2ª parte: Araneae. Acta Biologica Venezuelica, 1 (16), 245−448.
Camero, E. (2003) Caracterización de la fauna de carábidos (Coleoptera: Carabidae) en un perfil altitudinal de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 27 (105), 491−516.
Chickering, A.M. (1940) New Anyphaenidae from Panama with notes on known species. Transactions of the American Microscopical Society, 59, 78−122.
Dupérré, N. & Tapia, E. (2016) Overview of the Anyphaenids (Araneae, Anyphaeninae, Anyphaenidae) spider fauna from the Chocó forest of Ecuador, with the description of thirteen new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 255, 1–50.
https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2016.255
Flórez-D, E., Romero-O, C. & López, D.S. (2015) Los artrópodos de la reserva natural río Ñambí. Serie de Guías de Campo del Instituto de Ciencias Naturales No. 15. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, D.C., 320 pp.
Gentry, A. (1981) Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Choco refuge. In: Prance, G.T. (Ed.), Biological Diversification in the tropics. Proceedings of the fifth international symposium of the association for tropical biology. Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 112–136.
GeoLocator© Development Team (2019) GeoLocator©. Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: (http://tools.freeside.sk/geolocator/geolocator.html (accessed 18 August 2017)
GeoNames©Development Team (2019) GeoNames©. Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: (http://www.geonames.org/ (accessed 18 August 2017)
Koch, L. (1866) Die Arachniden-Familie der Drassiden. Hefte 1−6. Lotzbeck, Nürnberg, 304 pp.
Lourenço, W.R. (1994) Diversity and endemism in tropical versus temperate scorpion communities. Biogeographica, 70 (3), 155−160.
Oliveira, L.F.M. & Brescovit, A.D. (2015a) A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical spider genus Xiruana Brescovit, 1997 (Araneae: Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae). Zootaxa, 3980 (2), 201–229.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.2.3
Oliveira, L.F.M. & Brescovit, A.D. (2015b) Two new species of the Neotropical spider genus Umuara Brescovit (Araneae, Anyphaenidae, Anyphaeninae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 3980 (3), 435−441.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.3.7
Pickard-Cambridge, F.O. (1900) Arachnida—Araneida and Opiliones. Biologia Centrali-Americana, London, Zoology, 2, 89−192.
Petrunkevitch, A. (1911) A synonymic index-catalogue of spiders of North, Central and South America with all adjacent islands, Greenland, Bermuda, West Indies, Terra del Fuego, Galapagos, etc. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 29, 1−791.
Roewer, C.F. (1954) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Vol. 2. Institut royal des sciences naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 923 pp.
Quantum Gis Development Team (2012) QGIS “Nødebo” Version 2.16.0. Quantum GIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project. Available from: http://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html (accessed 18 August 2017)
Rangel, O. & Lowy, P. (1993) Tipos de vegetación y rasgos fitogeográficos en la región pacífica de Colombia. a. Tomo I. In: Leyva, P. (Ed.), Colombia Pacífico. Fondo Fen, Bogota, pp. 182−198.
Simon, E. (1897) Histoire naturelle des araignées. Deuxième édition, tome second. Roret Paris, 192 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.51973
Simon, E. (1903) Descriptions d’arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 21−39.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.25299
Sundevall, C.J. (1833) Conspectus Arachnidum. C.F. Berling, Londini Gothorum, 39 pp.
Vuilleumier, F. (1969) Pleistocene speciation in birds living in the high Andes. Nature, 223 (5211), 1179−1180.
World Spider Catalog (2020) World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http://wsc.nmbe.ch (accessed 25 October 2020)