Abstract
Ametrodiplosis Rübsaamen (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Clinodiplosini) is a mostly Holarctic gall midge genus whose species are associated with a wide range of seed plant families, either as gall-inducers or inquilines. In this study, we describe three species of Ametrodiplosis from Japan: A. adetos n. sp. feeding in the flowers of Tylophora aristolochioides Miq. (Apocynaceae); A. aeroradicis n. sp. inducing aerial root galls on Trachelospermum asiaticum (Sieb. et Zucc.) Nakai and T. gracilipes var. liukiuense (Apocynaceae); and A. stellariae n. sp. forming leaf bud galls on Stellaria uliginosa Murray var. undulata (Thunb.) Ohwi (Caryophyllaceae). A molecular phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial COI and ribosomal 16S genes and nuclear ribosomal 28S gene were conducted for the three new Ametrodiplisis species and other clinodiplosine taxa sequences available in GenBank. The analysis supported the monophyly of Ametrodiplosis despite the variable life history of the three species. In addition, it indicated very low intraspecific genetic divergence among the individuals from different localities and/or host plants. A taxonomic key to the three new Japanese species of Ametrodiplosis is provided.
References
Astrin, J.J., Stüben, P.E., Misof, B., Wägele, J.W., Gimnich, F., Raupach, M.J. & Ahrens, D. (2012) Exploring diversity in cryptorhynchine weevils (Coleoptera) using distance-, character-and tree-based species delineation. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 63, 1–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2011.11.018
Belshaw, R., Lopez-Vaamonde, C., Degerli, N. & Quicke, D.J., (2001) Paraphyletic taxa and taxonomic chaining: evaluating the classification of braconine wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) using 28S D2–3 rDNA sequences and morphological characters. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 73, 411–424.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.2001.tb01370.x
Bremi, J.J. (1847) Mittheilungen über die Insekten der Eichen. Mittheilungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich, 1, 1–16.
Darriba, D., Taboada, G.L., Doallo, R. & Posada, D (2012) jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing. Nature Methods, 9, 772.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2109
De Geer, C. (1776) Mémoires pour Servir à l'Histoire des Insectes. Vol. 6. Stockholm, 523 pp.
Dorchin, N., Harris, K.M. & Stireman III, J.O. (2019) Phylogeny of the gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Cecidomyiinae): Systematics, evolution of feeding modes and diversification rates. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 140, 106602.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106602
Elsayed, A.K., Fujita, S. & Tokuda, M. (2020a) Description of the larva and pupa of Diadiplosis hirticornis (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a predator of mealybugs. Japanese Journal of Systematic Entomology, 26, 43–47.
Elsayed, A.K., Shimizu-Kaya, U., Itioka, T., Meleng, P., Yukawa, J. & Tokuda, M. (2018a) A new genus and a new species of Schizomyiina (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Asphondyliini) inducing petiole galls on Macaranga bancana (Miq.) in Borneo, Malaysia. Zootaxa, 4482 (1), 188–196.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4482.1.10
Elsayed, A.K., Skuhravá, M., Ohta, K., Yoshida, S. & Tokuda, M. (2020b) A revision of the birch-associated genus Massalongia (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), with description of a new species from Japan and a taxonomic key to worldwide species. Zookeys, 958, 1–27.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.958.54300
Elsayed, A.K., Yukawa, J. & Tokuda, M. (2018b) A taxonomic revision and molecular phylogeny of the eastern Palearctic species of the genera Schizomyia Kieffer and Asteralobia Kovalev (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Asphondyliini), with descriptions of five new species of Schizomyia from Japan. Zookeys, 808, 123–160.
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.808.29679
Funk, D.J., Futuyma, D.J., Orti, G. & Meyer, A. (1995) Mitochondrial DNA sequences and multiple data sets: a phylogenetic study of phytophagous beetles (Chrysomelidae: Opharaella). Molecular Biology and Evolution, 12, 627–640.
Fedotova, Z.A. (2002) New species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist, 118, 1–35.
Fedotova, Z.A. (2003) New genera and species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from the Russian Far East. Far Eastern Entomologist, 125, 1–30.
Fedotova, Z.A. (2018) Fauna, biology and distribution of gall midges of the genus Ametrodiplosis Rübsaamen (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Clinodiplosini). Proceedings of the Stavropol Branch of the Russian Entomological Society, 14, 30–43. [in Russian]
Fedotova, Z.A. & Sidorenko, V.S. (2004) A new genus and species of gall midges from the Russian Far East (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). International Journal of Dipterological Research, 15: 9–55.
Gagné R.J. (1994) The Gall Midges of the Neotropical Region. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 352 pp.
Gagné, R.J. & Jaschhof, M. (2017) A Catalog of the Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) of the World. 4th Edition. Digital Version. 762 pp. Available from: https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/80420580/Gagne_2017_World_Cat_4th_ed.pdf (accessed 23 September 2020)
Gagné, R.J. (2018a) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) of mountainmints, Pycnanthemum spp. (Lamiaceae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 120, 748–778.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.120.4.748
Gagné, R.J. (2018b) Key to Adults of North American Genera of the Subfamily Cecidomyiinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Zootaxa, 4392 (3), 401–457.
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4392.3.1
Gagné, R.J. (2016) Anthodiplosis eutrochii n. sp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), the flower-bud gallmaker of joe pye weed in North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 118, 27–36.
https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.118.1.27
Géhin, J.B. (1857) Notes pour Servir a l'Histoire des Insectes Nuisibles à l'Agriculture dans le Département de la Moselle. No. 2. Insectes qui Attaquent le Blé, Metz, 38 pp.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.146293
Grover, P. (1970) Studies on gall-midges of India XXXI: A new gall-midge galling on the leaves of Cissampelos pareira. Cecidologia Indica, 5, 65–70.
Guindon, S. & Gascuel, O. (2003) A simple, fast and accurate method to estimate large phylogenies by maximum-likelihood. Systematic Biology, 52, 696–704.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150390235520
Kieffer, J.J. (1889) Neue Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Gallmücken. I. Beschreibung neuer Gallmücken. Entomologische Nachrichten, 15, 149–156.
https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.20050
Kovalev, O.V. (1972) New species of gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) from southern Soviet Far East. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 51: 412–429. English translation in Entomological Review (1973), 51: 248–257.
Kumar, S., Stecher, G., Li, M., Knyaz, C. & Tamura, K. (2018) MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across computing platforms. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 35, 1547–1549.
https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msy096
Löw, F. (1888) Mittheilungen über neue und bekannte Cecidomyiden. Verhandlungen der kaiserlich-königlichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 38, 231–246.
Löw, F. (1889) Beschreibung zweier neuer Cecidomyiden-Arten. Verhandlungen der kaiserlichköniglichen zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 39, 201–204.
Möhn, E. (1955) Beiträge zur Systematik der Larven der Itonididae (=Cecidomyiidae, Diptera). 1. Teil: Porricondylinae und Itonidinae Mitteleuropas. Zoologica, 105, 1–247.
Monzen, K. (1937) On some new gall midges. Kontyu, 11, 180–194.
Plakidas, J.D. (2016) The gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae: Cecidomyiinae) from Allegheny County Pennsylvania. International Journal of Dipterological Research, 27, 65–176.
Simon, C., Frati, F., Beckenbach, A., Crespi, B., Liu, H. & Flook, P. (1994) Evolution, weighting, and phylogenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 87, 651–701.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/87.6.651
Stelter H. (1961) Untersuchungen über Gallmücken. 6. Die Berechtigung der Gattung Nouryodiplosis Tavares 1929. Mitteilungen der deutschen Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 20, 70–73.
Tavares, J.S. (1930) Quelques cecidies du centre de la France. Annales de la Societe Linneenne de Lyons, 75, 145–167.
https://doi.org/10.3406/linly.1930.14723
Yukawa, J. (1971) A revision of the Japanese gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 8, 1–203.
Yukawa, J. (2014) Family Cecidomyiidae. In: Editorial Committee of Catalogue of the Insects of Japan (Ed.), Catalogue of the insects of Japan, volume 8 Diptera, part 1 Nematocera-Brachycera Aschiza. Entomological Society of Japan, Touka Shobo, Fukuoka, pp. 126–160 [in Japanese]